Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 28, 2020; 26(12): 1286-1297
Published online Mar 28, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i12.1286
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Tamarix canopy growing in the sandy soil along the coast of the Bohai Sea in China in spring.
Figure 2
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Figure 2 Tamarix chinensis Lour reduces chronic ethanol-induced hepatoxicity. A: Serum alanine aminotransferase; B: Serum aspartate aminotransferase. Values represent the mean ± SD (n = 16); aP < 0.01 vs control group; bP < 0.01 vs ethanol group. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; TCL: Tamarix chinensis Lour.
Figure 3
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Figure 3 Tamarix chinensis Lour attenuates chronic ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis. A: Hematoxylin and eosin staining [a: Control (Ctrl) group; b: Ethanol (EtOH) group]; B: Oil Red O staining (a: Ctrl group; b: EtOH group; c: EtOH plus Tamarix chinensis Lour-low group; d: EtOH plus Tamarix chinensis Lour-high group; e: EtOH plus GSH group); C: Hepatic triglyceride levels. Values represent the mean ± SD (n = 16); aP < 0.01 vs Ctrl group; bP < 0.05, cP < 0.01 vs EtOH group. TCL: Tamarix chinensis Lour; TG: Triglyceride.
Figure 4
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Figure 4 Tamarix chinensis Lour inhibits the hepatic expression of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, caspase-1, and interleukin-1β at the transcriptional and protein levels. A: Western blot analysis; B: Quantitative analysis of blots; C: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Values represent the mean ± SD (n = 5); aP < 0.01 vs control group; bP < 0.05; cP < 0.01 vs ethanol group. NLRP3: NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3; ASC: Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; TCL: Tamarix chinensis Lour.
Figure 5
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Figure 5 Tamarix chinensis Lour reduces the proportion of natural killer T cells in the liver. A: Dot plots from one of three independent experiments; B: Percentage of NK1.1+ CD3+ cells among total cells. Values represent the mean ± SD (n = 7); aP < 0.01 vs control group; bP < 0.01 vs ethanol group. NKT: Natural killer T; TCL: Tamarix chinensis Lour.
Figure 6
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Figure 6 Tamarix chinensis Lour relieves ethanol-induced hepatic oxidative stress. A: Reduction of reactive oxygen species; B: Reduction of the malondialdehyde level; C: increase of superoxide dismutase activity. Values represent the mean ± SD (n = 7); aP < 0.01 vs control group; bP < 0.01 vs ethanol group. ROS: Reactive oxygen species; MDA: malondialdehyde; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TCL: Tamarix chinensis Lour.