Effect of prolonged omeprazole administration on segmental intestinal Mg2+ absorption in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Figure 1 Effect of subcutaneous omeprazole injection on rat gastrointestinal pH. Intraluminal pH was measured by using test strips after 2 or 24 h after omeprazole administration. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001,vs the control group (n = 6).

Figure 2 Metabolic characteristics. A: Body weight; B: Food intake; C: Water intake; D: Fecal dry weight; E: Urinary excretion of control, 12 wk-omeprazole-treated, and 24 wk-omeprazole-treated groups. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, vs the control group (n = 6).

Figure 3 Effect of omeprazole on plasma and urinary Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and PO₄³⁻ levels. A: Plasma Mg²⁺; B: Plasma Ca²⁺; C: Plasma PO₄³⁻; D: Urinary Mg²⁺; E: Urinary Ca²⁺; F: Urinary PO₄³⁻ levels of control, 12 wk-omeprazole-treated, and 24 wk-omeprazole-treated groups. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, vs the control group (n = 6).

Figure 4 Effect of omeprazole on plasma 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, epidermal growth factor, and insulin concentrations. A: Plasma 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃; B: Plasma parathyroid hormone; C: Plasma fibroblast growth factor 23; D: Plasma epidermal growth factor; E: Plasma insulin of control, 12 wk-omeprazole-treated, and 24 wk-omeprazole-treated groups. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, vs the control group (n = 6). 1α,25(OH)₂D₃: 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃; PTH: Parathyroid hormone; FGF-23: Fibroblast growth factor 23; EGF: Epidermal growth factor.

Figure 5 Effect of omeprazole on segmental intestinal Mg²⁺ absorption. A-D: Rate of total, paracellular, and transcellular Mg²⁺ transport of control, 12 wk-omeprazole-treated, and 24 wk-omeprazole-treated groups (A: Duodenum; B: Jejunum; C: Ileum; D: Colon); E: the rate paracellular; F: transcellular Mg²⁺ transport of control, 12 wk-omeprazole-treated, and 24 wk-omeprazole-treated groups. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, vs the corresponding control group (n = 6). Para: Paracellular; Trans: transcellular.

Figure 6 Transient receptor potential melastatin 6 expression in entire intestinal tract. A: Control; B: 12 wk-omeprazole-treated; C: 24 wk-omeprazole-treated groups. The quantitative immunobloting analysis and representative densitometric analysis of transient receptor potential melastatin 6 expression in duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, vs the corresponding duodenal segment (n = 6). TRPM6: Transient receptor potential melastatin 6.

Figure 7 The effect of omeprazole on transient receptor potential melastatin 6 expression in entire intestinal tract. A: Quantitative immunobloting analysis of transient receptor potential melastatin 6 expression in duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. B: Duodenum; C: Jejunum; D: Ileum; E: Colon. Representative densitometric analysis of transient receptor potential melastatin 6 expression in duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of control, 12 wk-omeprazole-treated, and 24 wk-omeprazole-treated groups. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, vs its corresponding vehicle-treated group (n = 5). TRPM6: Transient receptor potential melastatin 6.

Figure 8 The effect of omeprazole on cyclin M4 expression in entire intestinal tract. A: Quantitative immunobloting analysis of cyclin M4 expression in duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon; B: Duodenum; C: Jejunum; D: Ileum; E: Colon. Representative densitometric analysis of cyclin M4 expression in duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of control, 12 wk-omeprazole-treated, and 24 wk-omeprazole-treated groups. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, vs its corresponding vehicle-treated group (n = 5). CNNM4: Cyclin M4.