Anatomic isolated caudate lobectomy: Is it possible to establish a standard surgical flow?

Figure 1 Magnetic resonance images for caudate lesions. A: T located between PV and IVC; B: Hepatic hemangioma located between RPV and IVC. IVC: Inferior vena cava; PV: Portal vein; RPV: Right portal vein; T: Tumor.

Figure 2 Surgical flow.

Figure 3 Flow of the caudate lobectomy. A: Liver mobilization; B: Short hepatic veins isolated and divided; C: Three hepatic veins isolated; D: Ischemia landmark of the caudate lobe is shown.

Figure 4 Marking of the left boundary of the caudate lobe. A: Divided Arantius ligament (black arrow); B: Left boundary of caudate lobe (white dotted line).

Figure 5 Identification of the right boundary of the caudate lobe. Peng’s line was marked as the right boundary, which was from the upper tip to the process (white arc).

Figure 6 Splitting the liver by the anterior approach. A: The hemangioma was exposed; B: The hemangioma was removed and the major vessels were identified.