Effect of local wound infiltration with ropivacaine on postoperative pain relief and stress response reduction after open hepatectomy

Figure 1 Visual analogue scale scores at rest and on movement, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate during the first 48 h after surgery. A: VAS scores at rest; B: VAS scores on movement; C: MAP; D: HR. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.001; ^cP < 0.0001. VAS: Visual analogue scale; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; HR: Heart rate.

Figure 2 Plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol and cumulative sufentanil consumption during the first 48 h after surgery. A: Epinephrine; B: Norepinephrine; C: Cortisol; and D: Cumulative sufentanil consumption. ^aP < 0.05; ^cP < 0.0001.