Risk factors for new onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation: A meta-analysis

Figure 1 Flow diagram of the study selection.

Figure 2 Forest plot of studies finding an association between hepatitis C virus infection and new onset diabetes mellitus. There was significant heterogeneity in the results of the meta-analysis. The pooled OR (OR = 2.68; 95%CI: 1.92-3.72) indicated a significant association between hepatitis C virus infection and the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation.

Figure 3 Forest plot of studies finding an association between hepatitis B virus infection and new onset diabetes mellitus. There was significant heterogeneity in the results of the meta-analysis. The pooled OR (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 0.54-2.00) indicated a significant association between hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation.

Figure 4 Forest plot of studies finding an association between gender and new onset diabetes mellitus. There was no significant heterogeneity in the results of the meta-analysis. The pooled OR (OR = 1.53; 95%CI: 1.24-1.90) indicated a significant association between male gender and the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation.

Figure 5 Forest plot of studies finding an association between impaired fasting glucose and new-onset diabetes mellitus. There was no heterogeneity in the results of the meta-analysis. The pooled OR (OR = 3.27; 95%CI: 1.84-5.81) indicated a significant association between pre-transplant impaired fasting glucose and the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation.

Figure 6 Forest plot of studies finding an association between a family history of diabetes and new-onset diabetes mellitus. There was no significant heterogeneity in the results of the meta-analysis. The pooled OR (OR = 1.69; 95%CI: 1.09-2.63) indicated a significant association between a family history of diabetes and the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation.

Figure 7 Forest plot of studies finding an association between immunosuppression and new-onset diabetes mellitus. There was no significant heterogeneity in the results of the meta-analysis. The pooled OR (OR = 1.34; 95%CI: 1.03-1.76) indicated a significant association between tacrolimus and the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation.

Figure 8 Forest plot of studies finding an association between alcohol-related cirrhosis and new-onset diabetes mellitus. There was no significant heterogeneity in the results of the meta-analysis. The pooled OR (OR = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.36-1.37) indicated no significant association between alcohol-related cirrhosis and the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation.

Figure 9 Forest plot of studies finding an association between body mass index and new-onset diabetes mellitus. There was no significant heterogeneity in the results of the meta-analysis. The WMD (WMD = 1.19, 95%CI: 0.69-1.68) indicated a significant association between body mass index and the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation.

Figure 10 Funnel plots of studies conducted on new-onset diabetes mellitus and the risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection (A), gender (B) and immunosuppression (C).