Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer by targeting obesity-related metabolic abnormalities

Figure 1 Proposed mechanisms linking obesity and its related metabolic abnormalities to the development of colorectal cancer. CRC: Colorectal cancer; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor-1; IGFBP-3: IGF-binding protein-3.

Figure 2 Mechanisms of action of green tea catechins and branched-chain amino acids in the inhibition of obesity-related colorectal carcinogenesis. IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor-1; BCAA: Branched-chain amino acids; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; IGF-1R: Insulin-like growth factors-1 receptor; GSK-3β: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β.