Personalizing therapies for gastric cancer: Molecular mechanisms and novel targeted therapies

Figure 1 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and binding sites.  I-IV: Epidermal growth factor receptor 1-4.

Figure 2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 signalling pathways. HER: Human epidermal growth factor receptor; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; BAD: Bcl-2-associated death promoter protein; NF-κB: Nuclear factor κB; PLC-γ: Phospholipase C gamma 1; PKC: Protein kinase C; Grb2: Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; SOS: Son of Sevenless; MEK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; RAS: Rat sarcoma viral oncogene; RAF: Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma.

Figure 3 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing algorithm. IHC: Imunohistochemistry; HER2: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; ISH: In situ hybridization.