Assessment of vascular invasion in gastric cancer: A comparative study

Figure 1 Sequential sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Immunohistochemistry showing neoplastic cell emboli within a space surrounded by the endothelial lining (arrows). A: Lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI)-hematoxylin and eosin (HE, × 400); B: LVI CD34 (× 400); C: LVI D2-40 (× 400); D: Blood vessel invasion (BVI) (HE, × 100); E: BVI CD34 (× 200); F: BVI D2-40 (× 200).

Figure 2 Example of a patient diagnosed for lymphatic vessel invasion by routine histological examination. A: Example of a patient diagnosed as positive for lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) by routine histological examination; B: As false-positive for lymphatic vessel invasion by D2-40 (× 100); C, D: Examples of patients diagnosed as free of LVI by routine histological examination. False-negatives for LVI detected by D2-40 (× 400).

Figure 3 Diagnostic comparison in 95 patients with gastric cancer. A: Diagnostic comparison of lymphatic vessel invasion; B: Diagnostic comparison of blood vessel invasion. HE: Hematoxylin and eosin.