Regulation of dipeptidyl peptidase 8 and 9 expression in activated lymphocytes and injured liver

Figure 1 Dipeptidyl peptidase mRNA expression in C57BL/6 mouse splenic lymphocyte subpopulations. Number of molecules relative to 18S RNA (n = 4-6 mice). ^aP < 0.05 vs dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4.

Figure 2 Dipeptidyl peptidase 8 and dipeptidyl peptidase 9 upregulation in pokeweed mitogen stimulated lymphocytes. A: Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 8 and DPP9 mRNA in mouse splenocytes (representative data from one of three mice); DPP8 and DPP9 proteins from Jurkat cells; B: Immunoblot of DPP8 and densitometry analysis of DPP8 bands; C: Immunoblot of DPP9 and densitometry analysis of bands. Densitometry data shown are relative to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). PWM: Pokeweed mitogen.

Figure 3 Dipeptidyl peptidase 8 and dipeptidyl peptidase 9 upregulation in lipopolysaccharide stimulated lymphocytes. A: Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 8 and DPP9 mRNA in mouse splenocytes (representative data from one of three mice); B: Immunoblot of DPP8 and densitometry analysis of DPP8 bands; C: DPP9 immunoblot and densitometry analysis of DPP9 bands relative to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). LPS: Lipopolysaccharide.

Figure 4 Dipeptidyl peptidase 8 and dipeptidyl peptidase 9 were associated with lymphocyte apoptosis. A: Percentage of annexin V + Raji cells 40 h after transfection with vector, wild type (wt) dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 9-V5-His or enzyme-negative mutant (mut) DPP9-V5-His. Annexin V staining was enumerated by flow cytometry; B: Immunoblot of DPP8 and its densitometry (C) immunoblot of DPP9 and its densitometry in Raji cells untreated and treated with dithiothreitol (DTT) or mitomycin C for 24 h. Densitometry are shown as relative to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).

Figure 5 Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 upregulation in epidermal growth factor treated Huh7 cells. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 9 immunoblot of untreated and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-treated Huh7 cells at 4 h. Cells were serum starved overnight before EGF treatment. Densitometry of DPP9 is shown relative to actin.

Figure 6 Dipeptidyl peptidase mRNA upregulation in carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury. A: Multiple of intrahepatic mRNA in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) treated mice to mean of untreated control mice; ^aP < 0.05 in CCl₄ treated fibroblast activation protein (FAP) gene knockout (gko) vs wild type (wt); B: Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 9 immunoblot of livers from CCl₄ treated (lanes 1-6) and untreated mice (lanes 7-12) (n = 6 per group): Densitometry of intrahepatic DPP9 relative to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). ^aP < 0.05 vs untreated controls; C: mRNA quantitation from isolated hepatic lymphocytes relative to 18S.

Figure 7 Dipeptidyl peptidase mRNA in mouse and human biliary liver diseases. A: Multiple of Intrahepatic dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) mRNA in multidrug resistance gene 2 (Mdr2) gene knockout (gko) female mice to mean of wild type (wt) controls; B: Human end-stage primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and non-diseased control livers. Data from each individual is shown as the number of molecules relative to aldolase B (n = 4 per group).