Prophylaxis with carnosol attenuates liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion

Figure 1 Changes in histology of intestine and liver tissues (× 200) in the control (A), intestinal I/R (B) (1 h ischemia and 4 h reperfusion) and carnosol pretreatment (C) groups. A: Normal structure of intestine and liver; B: Edema, hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration were observed in intestinal mucosa and liver tissue; C: Relatively normal histology of intestine and liver with less inflammatory cell infiltration.

Figure 2 Activity of serum AST (U/L), serum ALT (U/L), liver tissue SOD (U/mg), liver tissue MPO (U/g) and serum IL-6 (ng/L) in different groups. After 1h intestinal ischemia and 2, 4 and 6 h reperfusion, the serum was assayed for AST, ALT and IL-6 activity. The liver tissue was assayed for SOD and MPO level. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs control group; ^cP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.01 vs I/R group.

Figure 3 Immunohistochemical staining of liver NF-κB p65 (× 400) in the control (A), I/R (B) (1 h ischemia and 4 h reperfusion) and carnosol pretreatment (C) groups (carnosol 3 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration).

Figure 4 IOD level of western blotting analysis of liver NF-κB p65 (A) and ICAM-1 (B) in the control, intestinal I/R (1 h ischemia and 4 h reperfusion) and carnosol pretreatment groups (carnosol 3 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration). Data are expressed as mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.05 vs control group; ^cP < 0.05 vs I/R group.