Management of gastric fundal varices without gastro-renal shunt in 15 patients

Figure 1 Multidimensional computed tomography (MDCT) revealing the varices supplied by the left gastric vein and drained into the subphrenic vein (arrow) which is connected to the inferior vena cava (IVC) (A), and fluoroscopic image of BRTO showing placement of the occlusive balloon catheter in the subphrenic vein (arrow) (B). After the blood vessels from the GV except for the main drainage vein were blocked with coils, 5% solution of ethanolamine oleate with iopamidol (EOI) was injected into the varices.

Figure 2 Treatment of gastric fundal varices with balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), percutaneous transhepatic obliteration (PTO), balloon-occluded endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (BO-EIS), endoscopic injection sclerotherapy using α-cyanoacryrate glue (CA), transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).