Synergistic growth inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica and Terminalia bellerica extracts with conventional cytotoxic agents: Doxorubicin and cisplatin against human hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancer cells

Figure 1 Cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of P. emblica (A) and T. bellerica (B) extracts on cancer cell lines. The percentage of cell growth was measured using the SRB staining assay. Each value represents the mean ± SE of three independent experiments.

Figure 2 Cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of doxorubicin (A) and cisplatin (B) on cancer cell lines. The percentage of cell growth was measured using SRB staining assay. Each value represents the mean ± SE of three independent experiments.

Figure 3 Combination index (CI) vs fraction affected (f_a) plots obtained from the median-effect analysis program (CalcuSyn, Biosoft, Cambridge, UK). (A) and (B) A549; (C) and (D) HepG2. Curves with solid lines are computer simulated f_a-CI plots, based on the parameters (m and D_m values) for doxorubicin and herbal extract combinations. Circles are actual combination data points. CI < 1, = 1 and > 1 indicates synergism, additive effect and antagonism, respectively.

Figure 4 Combination index (CI) vs fraction affected (f_a) plots obtained from the median-effect analysis program (CalcuSyn, Biosoft, Cambri-dge, UK). (A) and (B) A549; (C) and (D) HepG2. Curves with solid lines are computer simulated f_a-CI plots, based on parameters (m and D_m values) for cisplatin and herbal extract combinations. Circles are actual combination data points. CI < 1, = 1 and > 1 indicates synergism, additive effect and antagonism, respectively.