Antiproliferation and apoptosis induction of paeonol in HepG2 cells

Figure 1 Structure of Pae (2-hydroxy-4-metho-xyacetophenone).

Figure 2 Dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Pae in HepG₂ cells. Data are presented as mean ± SE (error bar) of triplicate experiments.

Figure 3 Effect of Pae on apoptosis in HepG₂ cells. A: Morphological changes of HepG₂ cells treated with Pae 62.5 mg/L (× 320); B: Flow cytometry analysis of HepG₂ cells treated with Pae for 24 h. (a). Control; (b).Pae 31.25 mg/L; (c).Pae 62.5 mg/L; (d).Pae 125 mg/L.

Figure 4 Effect of Pae on cell cycle in HepG₂ cells. The distribution of cells in the sub-G₁, G₀/G₁, S, and G₂/M phases of the cell cycle were calculated and plotted. (A): Dose-dependent curve of cell cycle distribution induced by Pae. (B): Time-dependent curve of cell cycle distribution induced by Pae 31.25 mg/L. Each point represents triplicate experiments. Bars ± SE.

Figure 5 The synergistically antiproliferative effect of Pae combined with CDDP (A), DOX (B), or 5-FU (C) on HepG₂ cells. The dots represent the concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs as 0 on the dose-response curves which means treatment with Pae alone. Data are presented as mean ± SE of triplicate experiments. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, vs chemotherapeutic drugs alone. And CDI for the combination treatment of Pae with CDDP (D), DOX (E), or 5-FU (F) on HepG₂ cells.