Enhanced plasma ghrelin levels in Helicobacter pylori-colonized, interleukin-1-receptor type 1-homozygous knockout (IL-1R1-/-) mice

Figure 1 Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the stomach. Both wild-type (filled column: n = 4) and IL-1R1 ^-/- (spotted filled column: n = 6) mice with H pylori infection showed increased MPO activity as compared with the uninfected wild-type (clear column: n = 5) and IL-1R1^-/- (spotted clear column: n = 5). ^aP < 0.05 vs the wild-type mice, ^bP < 0.001, ^dP < 0.01 vs the uninfected mice.

Figure 2 The total ghrelin leveThe levels in the plasma. Although neither simple lack of the IL-1 signal (spotted clear column: n = 4) nor H pylori infection alone (filled column: n = 4) was associated with any changes in the total plasma ghrelin levels as compared with the levels in the uninfected wild-type mice (clear column: n = 5), H pylori infection induced a marked increase of the total plasma ghrelin levels in the IL-1R1^-/- mice (spotted filled column: n = 6). ^aP < 0.05 vs the uninfected mice. ^bP < 0.001 vs the wild-type mice.

Figure 3 The active ghrelin levels in the plasma. Neither simple lack of the IL-1 signal (spotted clear column: n = 6) nor H pylori infection alone (filled column: n = 3) was associated with any changes in the total plasma ghrelin levels as compared with the levels in the uninfected wild-type mice (clear column: n = 5). H pylori infection induced a marked increase of the plasma active ghrelin levels in the IL-1R1^-/- mice (spotted filled column: n = 6). ^aP < 0.05 vs the wild-type mice; ^bP < 0.01 vs the uninfected mice.

Figure 4 The gastric (A: total, B: active) ghrelin levels. Although neither a simple lack of the IL-1 signal (spotted clear column: (A) n = 5, (B) n = 5) nor H pylori infection alone (filled column: (A) n = 5, (B) n = 5) was associated with any changes in the gastric ghrelin levels as compared with the levels in the uninfected wild-type mice (clear column: (A) n = 5, (B) n = 5), H pylori infection induced a marked decrease of the a) total and b) active gastric ghrelin levels in the IL-1R1^-/-mice (spotted filled column: (A) n = 6, (B) n = 5). ^aP < 0.05 vs the uninfected mice; ^cP < 0.05 vs the wild-type mice.

Figure 5 Preproghrelin mRNA levels in the gastric mucosa. No significant differences were observed among the uninfected wild-type mice (clear column: n = 5), uninfected IL-1R1^-/- mice (spotted clear column: n = 6), H pylori-infected wild-type mice (filled column: n = 5) and H pylori-infected IL-1R1^-/- mice (spotted filled column: n = 6).