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Salari N, Kazeminia M, Hemati N, Ammari-Allahyari M, Mohammadi M, Shohaimi S. Global prevalence of hepatitis C in general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 46:102255. [PMID: 35007756 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to published reports from the World Health Organization, it is estimated that more than 3% of the world's population is infected with HCV. Given the impact of various factors on the prevalence of HCV in the world's population and the lack of general statistics around the world, this study aims to review the studies conducted in this field and statistical analysis of the results of general statistical studies on the prevalence of HCV in the world population. METHODS In this study, systematic review and meta-analysis of information of the studies related to the prevalence of HCV in the world using keywords including: Prevalence, HCV, Hepatitis C, Healthy Population, Healthy subjects, and General Population in SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS) databases and Google Scholar search engine were extracted without time limit until April 2020. In order to perform the analysis of qualified studies, the model of random effects was used, and the inconsistency of studies with I2 index was investigated. Data analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2). RESULTS In a study of 98 studies with a total sample size of 236,964 people in the world, the overall prevalence of HCV was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.4%-2.3%). Also, according to the subgroup analysis in different continents; the highest prevalence of HCV in the African continent was 7.1% (95% CI: 4.4-11.5%). CONCLUSION The results of this study show that the prevalence of hepatitis C in the world's population, especially in Africa, is almost high. Therefore, the officials of the World Health Organization should design measures to prevent the spread of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Kazeminia
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Niloufar Hemati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | | | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran.
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Pouri AA, Ghojazadeh M, Pourasghari B, Baiaz B, Soghra Hamzavi F, Somi MH. Seroepidemiology and risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection in East Azerbaijan, Iran: a population-based Azar Cohort study. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2019; 10:326-331. [PMID: 31558996 PMCID: PMC6729152 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.10.3.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne virus. It is a major global public health problem and can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis. The aim of this study was to report the epidemiological features of HCV infection and risk factors based on the data from Azar Cohort, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Methods: The population of this study comprised the people in the age range of 35-70 years from Azar Cohort, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2016. Based on cluster sampling, 4, 949 people were selected and invited to complete the questionnaire and perform the tests. Blood samples collected in this study were analyzed to detect the presence of antibodies against HCV using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) Kit. The positive samples were re-tested by qualitative HCV-RNA polymerase chain reaction. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 software. Results: The mean age of the participants was 49.15±9.02 years. Of these participants, 54.3% (n=2686) were females. Seven people (0.14%) were detected as HCV positive and the highest frequency was seen in the age range of 40-50 (0.16%). There was a statistical significant relationship between history of hospitalization (P=0.02) and history of abnormal urine (P=0.01) with the frequency of HCV infection. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the frequency of hepatitis C virus infection is 0.14% in the general population of Azar Cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Pouri
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghojazadeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Pourasghari
- Laboratory Department Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Baiaz
- Laboratory Department Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soghra Hamzavi
- Laboratory Department Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mahmud S, Akbarzadeh V, Abu-Raddad LJ. The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Iran: Systematic review and meta-analyses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:150. [PMID: 29317673 PMCID: PMC5760657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology in Iran and estimate the pooled mean HCV antibody prevalence in different risk populations. We systematically reviewed and synthesized reports of HCV incidence and/or prevalence, as informed by the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, and reported our findings following the PRISMA guidelines. DerSimonian-Laird random effects meta-analyses were implemented to estimate HCV prevalence in various risk populations. We identified five HCV incidence and 472 HCV prevalence measures. Our meta-analyses estimated HCV prevalence at 0.3% among the general population, 6.2% among intermediate risk populations, 32.1% among high risk populations, and 4.6% among special clinical populations. Our meta-analyses for subpopulations estimated HCV prevalence at 52.2% among people who inject drugs (PWID), 20.0% among populations at high risk of healthcare-related exposures, and 7.5% among populations with liver-related conditions. Genotype 1 was the most frequent circulating strain at 58.2%, followed by genotype 3 at 39.0%. HCV prevalence in the general population was lower than that found in other Middle East and North Africa countries and globally. However, HCV prevalence was high in PWID and populations at high risk of healthcare-related exposures. Ongoing transmission appears to be driven by drug injection and specific healthcare procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Mahmud
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vajiheh Akbarzadeh
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
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Ghasemi F, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Gouklani H, Meshkat Z. Development of Preventive Vaccines for Hepatitis C Virus E1/E2 Protein. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 13:113-124. [PMID: 30697280 PMCID: PMC6339490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is responsible for a vast majority of liver failure cases. HCV is a kind of blood disease estimated to chronically infect 3% of the worlds population, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a complete knowledge of humoral responses against HCV, resulting antibodies, and virus-receptor and virus-antibody interactions, are essential to design a vaccine. HCV epitopes or full sequence of HCV proteins can induce HCV specific immune responses. In fact, structural proteins are usually the main target of humoral responses and non-structural proteins are usually the main target of cellular responses. Hence, various vaccines based on distinct antigenic combinations are developed to prevent HCV infection and the current study tried to summarize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ghasemi
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Gouklani
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Dept. of Microbiology and Virology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Zahra Meshkat, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail:
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Parhizgari N, Gouya MM, Mostafavi E. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 9:122-142. [PMID: 29225752 PMCID: PMC5719507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite development of preventive and controlling strategies regarding infectious diseases, they are still considered as one of the most significant leading causes of morbidity and mortality, worldwide. Changes in humans' demographics and behaviors, microbial and ecological alterations, agricultural development, international travels and susceptibility to infectious diseases have resulted in increased reports of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) and reemerging infectious diseases (RIDs) in various geographical areas. Because of the various types of geographic properties in Iran, substantial climatic variability, as well as unstable political situations and poor public health conditions in some of neighboring countries, EIDs and RIDs are serious public health problems; among them, zoonotic and drug resistant diseases are the most significant. Hence, this review provides an overview of the significant bacterial, viral and fungal EIDs and RIDs in Iran regarding their epidemiological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Parhizgari
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Gouya
- The Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Department for Health Affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar Ahang, Hamadan, Iran,Corresponding author: Ehsan Mostafavi, DVM, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Telefax: +98-21-66496448,
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Prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV and Related Risk Factors amongst Male Homeless People in Lorestan Province, the West of Iran. J Res Health Sci 2017. [PMCID: PMC7191015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
Abstract
Background: Homeless people are at a higher risk of blood-born infectious diseases. The aim of this
study was to estimate the prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and related risk factors among male homeless
people.
Study design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: This study was conducted in Khorramabad City, western Iran from January to June 2015.
A pre-designed validated questionnaire was used to collect the data on behavioral and other potential
risk factors. Blood samples were taken in order to diagnose HIV, hepatitis B and C infections. The
prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, C and related risk factors was reported with a 95% confidence interval
(CI).
Results: The participants were 307 male homeless people with a mean (±SD) age of 35.86 (±9.62)
yr. The prevalence of HIV, HBs Ag, and HCV Ab positive cases was 6.51% (95% CI: 4.23, 9.90),
0.98% (95% CI: 0.31, 3.00), and 31.27% (26.31, 36.71), respectively. The prevalence of co-infections
of HIV and HCV Ab+ was 5.76% (95% CI: 1.34, 8.51). The most common recently used drugs were
heroin, methamphetamine, and opium with a prevalence of 44.30%, 41.04%, and 24.76%,
correspondingly.
Conclusions: According to this study, prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C among homeless people
was considerable. Abusing heroin, methamphetamine, and industrial drugs was also significant.
Considering the association between drug abuse, HIV, and hepatitis C infections, planning for effective
control and preventive interventions is important in homeless people.
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AHMADI GHEZELDASHT S, HEDAYATI-MOGHADDAM MR, SHAMSIAN K, FATHIMOGHADAM F, BIDKHORI HR, REZAEE SA. Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in General Population of Mashhad, Northeastern Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 46:408-413. [PMID: 28435827 PMCID: PMC5395537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is one of the major blood-borne infections worldwide. HCV carriers may develop chronic hepatitis leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is no overall estimate of the infection prevalence in the northeast of Iran. We have performed this research in order to determine accurately the prevalence and risk factors of HCV infection among general population in Mashhad. METHODS During 2009, 1678 people between 1 to 90 yr old with the mean age of 29.1±18.5 yr were selected randomly by multistage sampling from different geographical regions of the city proportionate to sex and age distribution of population in 2006 census. ELISA was used to screen for antibodies and RT-PCR tested the positive samples. RESULTS HCV infection was detected in 7/1654 cases; overall prevalence of the infection was 0.42% (95%CI: 0.17-0.87%), 0.80% and 0.11% among males and females, respectively (P= 0.051). One HCV-infected subject was also positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), however, no cases showed HIV or HTLV seropositivity. CONCLUSION In comparison with similar studies, the prevalence of HCV infection in Mashhad is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz AHMADI GHEZELDASHT
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza HEDAYATI-MOGHADDAM
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khosro SHAMSIAN
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farhad FATHIMOGHADAM
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza BIDKHORI
- Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV and Viral Hepatitis, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim REZAEE
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and inflammatory Diseases Division, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mirminachi B, Mohammadi Z, Merat S, Neishabouri A, Sharifi AH, Alavian SH, Poustchi H, Malekzadeh R. Update on the Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Iranian General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.42291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Rostami S, Pasdar A, Gerayli S, Hatami H, Sepahi S, Nategh F, Meshkat M, Hoseini SM, Ahadi M, Sima HR, Vosughinia H, Sarvghad MR, Esmaeelzade A, Nomani H, Mosanan Mozafari H, Rezai Talab F, Shakeri MT, Meshkat Z. Comparison of Interferon-Gamma (IFNG) +874 T/A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients and Non-Infected Controls in Mashhad, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 29531550 PMCID: PMC5835373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Rostami
- Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Dept. of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sina Gerayli
- Dept. of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5BF, Canada
| | - Hamed Hatami
- Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sepahi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nategh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mousalreza Hoseini
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Qaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Ahadi
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Qaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sima
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hasan Vosughinia
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sarvghad
- Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Esmaeelzade
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Qaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Nomani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Homan Mosanan Mozafari
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Qaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariba Rezai Talab
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Shakeri
- Dept. of Biostatistics, Public Health School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Esmaeilzadeh A, Ganji A, Goshayeshi L, Ghafarzadegan K, Afzal Aghayee M, Mosanen Mozafari H, Saadatniya H, Hayatbakhs A, Ghavami Ghanbarabadi V. Adult Celiac Disease: Patients Are Shorter Compared with Their Peers in the General Population. Middle East J Dig Dis 2016; 8:303-309. [PMID: 27957294 PMCID: PMC5145298 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delay in diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) occurs frequently, although its consequences are mostly not known. One of the presented symptoms in pediatric patients with CD is the short stature. However, far too little attention has been paid to physical features including height of adult patients with CD. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether patients suffering from CD are shorter in comparison with the general population without CD. As well, we evaluated probable correlations between demographic and physical features, main complains, serum anti tTG level, and intestinal pathology damage between short (lower quartile) versus tall stature (upper quartile) patients with CD. METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on 219 adult patients diagnosed as having CD in the Celiac Disease Center, between June 2008 and June 2014 in Mashhad, Iran. The exclusion criteria were ages less than 18 and more than 60 years. Height was compared with a group of 657 age- and sex matched control cases from the healthy population. The probable influencing factors on height such as intestinal pathology, serum level of anti-tissue transglutaminase(anti-tTG), serum vitamin D, and hemoglobin level at the time of diagnosis were assessed and were compared in short (lower quartile) versus tall stature (upper quartile) patients with CD. RESULTS Both male (n=65) and female (n=154) patients with CD were shorter than their counterpart in the general population (males: 168.5±8.6 to 171.3±7.2cm, p <0.01 and females: 154.8±10.58 to 157.8±7.2 cm, p <0.01). Spearman linear correlation showed height in patient with CD was correlated with serum hemoglobin (p <0.001, r=0.285) and bone mineral density (p<0.001) and not with serum vitamin D levels (p =0.024, r=0.237), but was not correlated with anti-tTG serum levels (p=0.97). CD patients with upper and lower quartile of height in men and women had no significant difference in the anti-tTG level and degree of duodenal pathology(Marsh grade). Anemia as main complaint was more prevalent in shorter versus taller men. CONCLUSION Adults with CD are shorter compared with healthy adults. There is a direct correlation between height and anemia and bone mineral density. This finding highlights the importance of early detection and treatment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Esmaeilzadeh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azita Ganji
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ladan Goshayeshi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Afzal Aghayee
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Homan Mosanen Mozafari
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Saadatniya
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolrasol Hayatbakhs
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Ghavami Ghanbarabadi
- PhD Candidate in Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghasemi F, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Pasdar A, Pourianfar H, Reza Aghasadeghi M, Gouklani H, Meshkat Z. Design, Construction and Evaluation of 1a/JFH1 HCV Chimera by Replacing the Intergenotypic Variable Region. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e38261. [PMID: 27882063 PMCID: PMC5111421 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.38261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The E2 glycoprotein is an important encoded hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein that contains three different variable regions. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to construct an HCV 1a/JFH1 chimeric virus by replacing the intergenotypic variable region (igVR) fragment of the highly variable region of the E2 gene of the Japanese Fulminant hepatitis genotype 2a JFH1 virus with a similar region of HCV genotype 1a. This chimera was produced as a model virus with the ability to be cultured. We analyzed the adapted virus and the variations of nucleic acids within it. METHODS Specific primers were designed for the igVR of HCV genotype 1a followed by the overlap-PCR method for the synthesis of the desired DNA fragment. The amplified igVR-1a chimera gene and pFL-J6/JFH were digested by KpnI and BsiWI restriction enzymes, and the fragment was ligated into pFL-J6/JFH. The recombinant vector was transformed into Escherichia coli JM109 strain competent cells. All clones were confirmed by colony PCR using specific primers, and the confirmed recombinant vector was sequenced. The recombinant vector was targeted for RNA synthesis by T7 RNA polymerase enzyme. RNA transfection was performed in the Huh7.5 cell line. Virus production in several passages and the evaluated viral load were studied using quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA methods. After 30 passages, the RNA virus was extracted and cloned in PCDNA3.1 vector, and was then sequenced. RESULTS Quantitative real-time PCR results showed 11,292,514 copies/mL of chimeric virus production in cell culture. The virus production was confirmed using ELISA, which showed a virus core production of 808.2 pg/mL. The results of cloning and sequencing showed that some of the nucleic acids in the chimera virus were changed, affecting the viral behavior in the cell culture. CONCLUSIONS Real-time PCR and ELISA showed high levels of production of 1a/JFH1 chimeric HCV in the Huh7.5 cell culture. The constructed virus can be used for future studies, including the development of new HCV drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of New Sciences and Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Hamid Pourianfar
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Institute, Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture and Research Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | | | - Hamed Gouklani
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran
- Corresponding Authors: Zahra Meshkat, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5138012453, Fax: +98-5138002287, E-mail: ; Hamed Gouklani, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran, E-mail:
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Corresponding Authors: Zahra Meshkat, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5138012453, Fax: +98-5138002287, E-mail: ; Hamed Gouklani, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran, E-mail:
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12
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Hajarizadeh B, Razavi-Shearer D, Merat S, Alavian SM, Malekzadeh R, Razavi H. Liver Disease Burden of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Iran and the Potential Impact of Various Treatment Strategies on the Disease Burden. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e37234. [PMID: 27642346 PMCID: PMC5018306 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.37234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is emerging as the leading cause of viral hepatitis-related liver disease in Iran. OBJECTIVES This study estimated the current and future disease burden of HCV infection in Iran and assessed the impact of various strategies in access to HCV treatment on reducing the disease burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS A modelling approach was used to estimate the size of HCV infected population, and disease progression from 2014 to 2030. Literature review and expert consensus informed the model parameters. Base case scenario assumed the currently utilized Interferon (IFN)-based treatment. Five other scenarios assumed utilizing IFN-free direct acting anti-viral regimens with 1, the base case diagnosis and treatment uptake; 2, restricting treatment to severe liver fibrosis; 3, treatment uptake being doubled; 4, stepwise increase in treatment uptake (doubled by 2017, quadrupled thereafter); 5, targeting at least 90% reduction in HCV infections by 2030. RESULTS In 2014, an estimated 186,500 individuals are living with HCV infection in Iran (median age: 30 years). By 2030, this number will increase to 213,700, while three to four fold increase is expected in the case numbers of decompensated cirrhosis (DC, n = 620), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 510), and liver disease death (n = 400), assuming the current diagnosis/treatment settings. As compared with the base case scenario, scenarios 1 and 2 will have a limited impact on HCV disease burden, while scenarios 3 and 4 will result in 45% - 49% decrease in the number of individuals living with HCV infection and 60% - 69% decrease in DC, HCC and liver disease deaths by 2030. For at least 90% reduction in HCV infections by 2030 (scenario 5), diagnosis and treatment rates should be increased to 12,000 and 9,000 individuals per year in 2016, respectively and to 24,000 and 18,000 individuals per year, respectively in 2018 onward. CONCLUSIONS An increasing burden of HCV-related liver disease is expected in Iran under the current diagnosis and treatment levels. Increased diagnosis and treatment uptake is required in combination with enhanced treatment efficacy to reduce the HCV burden. The relatively young age of the HCV infected population, provides an opportunity for timely interventions to avert the projected rising HCV disease burden in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Hajarizadeh
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Corresponding Author: Behzad Hajarizadeh, The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia. Tel: +61-293859208, Fax: +61-293850876, E-mail:
| | | | - Shahin Merat
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Diseases Center, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Homie Razavi
- Center for Disease Analysis, Louisville, Colorado, USA
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Teimourpour R, Tajani AS, Askari VR, Rostami S, Meshkat Z. Designing and Development of a DNA Vaccine Based On Structural Proteins of Hepatitis C Virus. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 11:222-230. [PMID: 27799971 PMCID: PMC5079455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, designing new and effective therapeutics is of great importance. The aim of the current study was to construct a DNA vaccine containing structural proteins of HCV and evaluation of its expression in a eukaryotic system. METHODS Structural proteins of HCV (core, E1, and E2) were isolated and amplified from JFH strain of HCV genotype 2a using PCR method. The PCR product was cloned into pCDNA3.1 (+) vector and finally were confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing methods. The eukaryotic expression of the vector was confirmed by RT-PCR. RESULTS A recombinant vector containing 2241bp fragment of HCV structural genes was constructed. The desired plasmid was sequenced and corresponded to 100% identity with the submitted sequences in GenBank. RT-PCR results indicated that the recombinant plasmid could be expressed efficiently in the eukaryotic expression system. CONCLUSION Successful cloning of structural viral genes in pCDNA3.1 (+) vector and their expression in the eukaryotic expression system facilitates the development of new DNA vaccines against HCV. A DNA vaccine encoding core-E1-E2 antigens was designed. The desired expression vector can be used for further attempts in the development of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Teimourpour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacy School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Rostami
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Ziaee M, Namaei MH, Azarkar G. The prevalence of HTLV-1 and its Co-Infection with HCV, HBV and HIV in Hemophilic patients. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:1246-9. [PMID: 26649023 PMCID: PMC4641292 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.315.7888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Blood-borne infections, such as the HIV virus and hepatitis B and C, are major problems in patients receiving blood products. Here we examined the prevalence of HTLV-1, HCV, HBV, and HIV in hemophilic patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study on 108 hemophilic patients (101 males and 7 females) involved detection of HBV, HCV, HIV and HTLV-1 infections using immunoassays for HBsAg, hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc), hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV), HIV antibodies (anti-HIV) and Anti-HTLV-1. Real-time PCR was used to measure HCV RNA, and HCV genotyping was performed by direct sequencing of the 5’ noncoding region. Results: Hemophilia A was reported in 93 (86%) patients with severe symptoms in 8 cases. The seroprevalence of anti-HCV and anti-HTLV-1 antibodies was 20% and 3% respectively. One patient with severe hemophilia had a HCV/HTLV-1 co-infection. HCV-RNA was detected in 82% of patients. In terms of genotyping prevalence was 56% HCV genotype 3a, 39% HCV genotype 1a, and 6% HCV genotype2. Anti HIV and HBsAg were not detected in any patient. HTLV1 prevalence was higher, HCV lower in South Khorasan than other regions in Iran or elsewhere. Conclusion: Management of transfusion of blood and blood products should account for the underlying prevalence of infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Ziaee
- Masood Ziaee, Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Namaei
- Mohammad Hassan Namaei, Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ghodseh Azarkar
- Ghodseh Azarkar, Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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15
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Ghasemi F, Rostami S, Meshkat Z. Progress in the development of vaccines for hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11984-2002. [PMID: 26576087 PMCID: PMC4641120 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.11984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV), first described in 1989, is now a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With more than 170 million people infected globally, this virus is a major public health issue. The current standard therapy is based on interferon in combination with ribavirin. This costly therapy often fails to completely clear the infection and is associated with adverse side effects. Recent anti-HCV therapies are interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens for HCV, including simeprevir, sofosbuvir, and ledipasvir, which have effects on non-structural proteins. DAA regimens have several advantages, such as specifically targeting HCV viral replication, accompanied by very high sustained virological response rates and lower side effects like flu-like syndrome. These facts plus the fact that most HCV cases progress to chronic infection suggest the potential need for an efficient HCV vaccine. Different innovative methods, including methods based on peptide, recombinant protein, DNA, vector-based, and virus-like particles, have been introduced for the development of HCV vaccines. An extensive number of studies have been published on these vaccines, and some vaccines were even tested in clinical trials. In the current review, progress in the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines against the HCV is reviewed in the context of peptide vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, HCV-like particle, DNA vaccines and viral vectors expressing HCV genes.
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16
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Taherkhani R, Farshadpour F. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Iran. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10790-10810. [PMID: 26478671 PMCID: PMC4600581 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i38.10790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In Iran, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is relatively low according to the population-based epidemiological studies. However, the epidemiology of HCV is changing and the rate of HCV infection is increasing due to the growth in the number of injecting drug users in the society. In addition, a shift has occurred in the distribution pattern of HCV genotypes among HCV-infected patients in Iran. Genotype 1a is the most prevalent genotype in Iran, but in recent years, an increase in the frequency of 3a and a decrease in 1a and 1b have been reported. These variations in the epidemiology of HCV reflect differences in the routes of transmission, status of public health, lifestyles, and risk factors in different groups and geographic regions of Iran. Health policy makers should consider these differences to establish better strategies for control and prevention of HCV infection. Therefore, this review was conducted to present a clear view regarding the current epidemiology of HCV infection in Iran.
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17
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Zhang Q, Qi W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Qin S, Zhao P, Guo H, Jiao J, Zhou C, Ji S, Wang J. Epidemiology of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infections and Benefits of Programs for Hepatitis Prevention in Northeastern China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 62:305-12. [PMID: 26433720 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis B and C infections and the benefits of programs aimed at hepatitis prevention and control in Northeastern China. METHODS Individuals receiving health examinations were recruited to complete a questionnaire and undergo laboratory tests for hepatitis infection. Data on demographic characteristics, results of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) serological tests, for HBV and HCV infection were analyzed. RESULTS Among 227 808 study participants, the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV-positive rates were 6.1% and 3.0%, respectively. Among HBsAg-positive participants, 63.8% tested positive for HBV DNA, 20.2% had an abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, and 10.7% had cirrhosis. Among anti-HCV-positive participants, 57.2% tested positive for HCV RNA, 29.6% had an abnormal ALT level, and 8.4% had cirrhosis. Among HBsAg- or anti-HCV-positive participants, 47.1% and 32.0%, respectively, were aware of their infection. Among participants infected with HBV or HCV and suitable for antivirus treatment, 23.5% and 16.1%, respectively, had received antivirus treatment. The HBV plus HCV coinfection rate was 0.08%. CONCLUSIONS The HBsAg-positive rate decreased significantly after implementation of recently introduced HBV control programs in China. However, the anti-HCV-positive rate showed only a slight decrease, indicating that programs for the prevention and control of hepatitis viruses require continued strengthening. CHINESE CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ChiCTR-ECS-13004009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wenqian Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yonggui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shaoyou Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Honghua Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Changyu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shangwei Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiangbin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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18
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Afzal MS, Ahmad T, Ahmed H. Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Iran; Viral Spread Routes in General Population and Safety Measures. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2015; 15:e17343. [PMID: 26587032 PMCID: PMC4644630 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.17343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ahmad
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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19
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Safarnezhad Tameshkel F, Rahimi P, Khataminejad MR. Designing a recombinant Bacmid construct of HCV core+1 in Baculovirus expression system. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2015; 7:221-5. [PMID: 26697162 PMCID: PMC4685167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infects around 200 million people worldwide and frequently causes liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Rapid detection of this virus results in decreasing the distance between infection and initiation the anti-viral treatment, and may prevent most of the undesirable consequences. The new detected HCV protein "Core+1" made from the ribosomal frame shift in Core region is an important candidate for diagnostic tools. This study was conducted to design a recombinant Bacmid plasmid expressing the HCV 1a Core+1 sequence in the Baculovirus expression system for further diagnostic applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HCV Core +1 gene was amplified by PCR using the pcDNA-HAF recombinant vector that contained the Core+1 sequence from HCV genotype 1a as a template, and the specific primers with 2 restriction sites for Nco I and Xba I restriction enzymes. The PCR product was cloned in XbaI/NcoI restriction sites of the linearized pFastBac-HTB vector and evaluated by using those restriction enzymes and sequencing. Then the recombinant pFastBac-HTB vector was transformed in DH10Bac and the result was screened and confirmed by X-Gal discrimination and PCR. RESULTS The HCV 1a Core+1 was successfully amplified and the PCR product was confirmed by using the related restriction enzymes and sequencing. Cloning of pFastBac vector with the purified PCR product of HCV Core+1 was confirmed. Finally, the recombinant Bacmid was successfully transformed in DH10Bac. CONCLUSION The recombinant Bac-Core+1 expression vector is considered as an important tool to transfect the sf9 cell line and expression the Core+1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooneh Rahimi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran.,Corresponding author: Pooneh Rahimi, Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur street, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2166403496, Fax: +98-2166480777, E-mail:
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20
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Keshvari M, Sharafi H, Alavian SM, Mehrabadi H, Zolfaghari S. Prevalence and trends of transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors in Tehran, Iran from 2008 to 2013. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:38-47. [PMID: 25892591 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of trends in the rate of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in blood donors is essential for monitoring blood supply safety and donor screening effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the trends and prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis seromarkers among blood donors referred to Tehran Blood Transfusion Center (TBTC) from 2008 to 2013. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data of all blood donors referred to TBTC between 2008 and 2013 were collected. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis infections were expressed by donation year and donors' characteristics (age, gender, educational level and donor status). RESULTS Among 1,796,090 individuals who donated blood at TBTC from 2008 to 2013, analysis of trend for the prevalence of HBV showed a significant decrease from 423 to 153 per 10(5) donors. The similar pattern of decrease was observed for the prevalence of HCV from 139 to 69 per 10(5) donors, however the rate of decrease in HCV prevalence was slower than the rate of decrease in HBV prevalence. The prevalence of HIV was constant while the prevalence of syphilis showed a sharp decrease in 2009 and a constant prevalence from 2010 to 2013. The top three parameters influenced the rate of TTIs were donor status, age, and educational level. CONCLUSION The decreasing prevalence and trends of TTIs among the studied donors demonstrated that the safety measures which were employed in recent years in Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization have been effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Keshvari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Middle East Liver Disease (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran; Iran Hepatitis Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidar Sharafi
- Middle East Liver Disease (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran; Iran Hepatitis Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Middle East Liver Disease (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran; Iran Hepatitis Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Mehrabadi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Zolfaghari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Meshkat Z, Chinikar S, Shakeri M, Manavifar L, Moradi M, Mirshahabi H, Jalali T, Khakifirouz S, Shahhosseini N. Prevalence of West Nile virus in Mashhad, Iran: A population–based study. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:203-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Fattahi MR, Safarpour A, Sepehrimanesh M, Hosseini Asl SMK, Mohamaddoust F. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and its related risk factors among the rural population of fars province, southern iran. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2015; 15:e24734. [PMID: 25788957 PMCID: PMC4350250 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.24734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major blood-borne infection with silent epidemic, major global public health problem and diverse prevalence worldwide. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HCV infection and related risk factors in the general population of two villages, Farmashkan and Akbarabad, of the Kavar City in Fars Province, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS A 34-month cross-sectional study was performed on all people of the villages aged ≥ 7 years from July 2007 to April 2010. Demographic information and history of HCV-related risk factors were extracted from their medical records. For each participant, the serum anti-HCV IgG was assessed by the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS A total of 6095 participants (36.4% male and 65.6% female) with the mean age of 92 (7-95) and mean ± SD of 34.6 ± 17.3 years were included in this study. Fifteen persons (0.24%) were detected as HCV-positive and the highest prevalence was seen in age ≤ 12 years old (1%). A significant association was only detected between blood transfusion and HCV infection; therefore, those persons with history of blood transfusion had 15-fold higher risk for HCV seropositivity (odds ratio 15.54, 95% CI = 4.89-49.41). CONCLUSIONS Our reported rate of HCV seropositivity is similar to the previous Iranian reports. However, future evaluations should be focused on the Polymerase Chain Reaction method for the detection of HCV and determining and evaluating of other related risk factors. Moreover, more attention should be paid to blood donors as a reservoir population of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Masood Sepehrimanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Mohamaddoust
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Ghasemzadeh I, Alavi-Nasr A, Khademi M, Kargar Kheirabad A, Gouklani H. Prevalence of Hepatitis C infection in Qeshm Island in 2013-2014, Iran. J Med Life 2015; 8:118-121. [PMID: 28316677 PMCID: PMC5348940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatitis has involved many individuals and has left many complications. Hepatitis C is a type of hepatitis connected with several dilemmas. The purpose of the research is to study the Hepatitis epidemiology C into the Island of Qeshm in 2014. Method: this was an interventional study conducted on 1500 inhabitants of Qeshm Island. Participants were selected by using cluster sampling. Five cc of blood was drawn from each participant in order to test for HCV-Ab with ELIZA technique. Positive samples were referred for PCR to investigate the presence of anti Hepatitis C anti body. Data were entered in SPSS v.16 after sample collection and are examined utilizing detailed census (prevalence, mean, percent and standard deviation) and chi-square. Results: out of 1500 participants, 986 (65.7%) are women and 514 (34.3 %) are men. HCV anti body was seen in four patients (0.3 percent). The outcomes of the research explained that not of the studied factors (age, gender, marital status, place of residence, educational level, history of IV drug abuse, being in jail, quitting addiction, risky sexual behavior, etc.) is related to antibody pervasiveness. Conclusion: The disease pervasiveness was 0.3 percent in Qeshm Island, that is compatible with the another research outcomes. Also, factors investigated for HCV were not recognized as HCV risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ghasemzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - A Alavi-Nasr
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - M Khademi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - A Kargar Kheirabad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Gouklani
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Afzal MS, Ahmed T, Zaidi NUSS. Comparison of HCV prevalence in pakistan and iran; an insight into future. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e11466. [PMID: 24497874 PMCID: PMC3909635 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.11466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ahmed
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Najam us Sahar Sadaf Zaidi
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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25
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Afzal MS, Anjum S, Zaidi NUSS. Changing of HCV clade pattern in iran; the possible means for something good. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e11879. [PMID: 24497875 PMCID: PMC3909638 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.11879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Anjum
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Najam us Sahar Sadaf Zaidi
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zamani F, Sohrabi M, Poustchi H, Keyvani H, Saeedian FS, Ajdarkosh H, Khoonsari M, Hemmasi G, Moradilakeh M, Motamed N, Maadi M. Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection in amol city, north of iran: a population-based study (2008-2011). HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2013; 13:e13313. [PMID: 24358039 PMCID: PMC3867021 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is one of the most important causes of chronic liver disease and related problems in the world .There are few population-based studies on the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C infection in Iran, which could not provide enough information. Moreover, the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C infection are not similar in all parts of Iran. OBJECTIVES The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HCV infection in the general population of the city of Amol, north of Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a population-based study. Using a cluster sampling approach, 6145 individuals of both genders and different ages were involved from general population of urban and rural areas of Amol, The inclusion criteria were Iranian nationality, willing to participate in the study, and lifelong residence in Amol city and surrounding areas. Anti-hepatitis C antibody was measured by a third generation of ELISA. The positive results were confirmed by Recombinant Immuno Blot Assay (RIBA) and quantitative HCV-RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Potential risk factors of HCV transmission were recorded. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 42.70 ± 17.10 years. Of these participants, 57.2% (n = 3483) were male. Anti-HCV antibody was positive in 12 individuals from which five were RIBA positive. Three of these subjects were PCR positive. The prevalence of HCV was more predominant among males than females. The common risk factors among the study subjects included history of minor or major surgery (34.7%), unsterile punctures (21.2%), history of traditional phlebotomy (5.8%), and history of hepatitis among close relatives (5.7%). In univariate regression analysis, unsterile punctures and history of infection in family members were associated with HCV infection. CONCLUSIONS We confirm that in Amol city and surrounding areas, the prevalence of true HCV infection is 0.05%, which is lower than that previously reported from Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Masoudreza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Masoudreza Sohrabi, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2188940489, E-mail:
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,IR Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sima Saeedian
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Ajdarkosh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahood Khoonsari
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hemmasi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Maziar Moradilakeh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Nima Motamed
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Masoumeh Maadi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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