• Deficient mismatch repair gene
• Double primary carcinoma
• Lynch-Like syndrome
• Novel mutation

• Female
• Humans
• Middle Aged
• Brain Neoplasms
• Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
• Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/diagnosis
• Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/genetics
• DNA Mismatch Repair
• Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics
• Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology
• Germ-Line Mutation
• Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2/genetics
• MutL Protein Homolog 1/genetics
• MutS Homolog 2 Protein/genetics
• Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary

• Multiple primary cancers
• cancer survivor
• quadruple cancers

The mammary gland is closely related to the female reproductive system in many aspects, affecting the whole gynecological system. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women and associated with considerable negative effects. Due to various factors including co-pathogenic genetic mutations, environment factors, lifestyle, behavioral factors, treatment regimens and in-creased survival of patients with BC, there is an increased probability of developing additional primary gynecologic cancers such as ovarian cancer (OC), endometrial cancer (EC), and cervical cancer (CC). More and more studies have been conducted in recent years. Multiple primary cancers (MPCs), also known as multiple primary malignancies, refers to two or more different primary cancers in the same patient occurring in the same or different organs or tissues. The pathogenesis of multiple primary cancers is complex and has a negative effect on the prognosis and survival of patients. This review discusses the common types of BC-associated MPCs, namely, BC associated with OC, BC associated with EC and BC associated with CC, as well as risk factors, pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis of MPCs associated with breast and gynecologic cancers. It provides new intervention and treatment ideas for patients with BC-associated MPCs to improve quality of life and prognosis.

• breast cancer
• cervical cancer
• endometrial cancer
• multiple primary cancers
• ovarian cancer
• primary gynecologic cancer

We report a rare case of multiple primary malignancies, double primary lung cancers, and synchronous colon cancer. Double primary lung cancers were synchronous with adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid (carcinoid tumor and adenocarcinoma). The patient subsequently underwent two surgeries, for lung and colon cancer, followed by four cycles of carboplatin and pemetrexed treatment for the lung adenocarcinoma, with an uneventful chemotherapy course. The patient has been followed up closely for the last 18 months via CT scans and tumor marker tests and has shown no evidence of recurrence or metastasis.

• Case report
• Gene mutation
• Literature review
• Quadruple primary tumors

• integrin αvβ6
• multiple primary cancer

•

This is a rare report of acinar cell carcinoma of pancreas diagnosed preoperatively.

This is a case report on the advances in preoperative endoscopic-guided fine-needle-aspiration (FNA) diagnosis for pancreatic carcinoma to achieve a curative operation even in patients who have a history of total gastrectomy.

A 65-year-old man, who underwent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer 13 years ago, had discomfort in the left lateral abdomen. A 3-cm hypovascular mass accompanying a large distal pseudocyst in the pancreatic tail was observed on computed tomography. Endoscopic ultrasonography via elevation of the jejunal loop on esophago-jejunostomy also revealed similar lesions, and FNA for the proximal-side hypoechoic mass was successful. The cytological diagnosis with immunohistochemistry was acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. Distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was successfully performed. Histology of the resected specimen also showed the acinar cell carcinoma, similar with preoperative cytology, which involved the splenic vein and had extra-pancreatic extension but no lymph node metastasis. The tumor stage was IIA by the 2009 UICC classification. He had no tumor relapse on imaging follow-up until 12 months after the operation.

There have been marked technical advancements in endoscopic ultrasonography-guided diagnosis, including FNA, even in patients with prior digestive tract surgery. However, the risk of complication is still a concern. Accurate histological diagnosis is useful in the field of pancreatic surgery, especially in cases of rare or small malignant lesions.

Curative pancreatectomy was possible in a case of acinar cell carcinoma, a rare pancreatic malignancy, which was diagnosed by preoperative endoscopic FNA diagnosis via esophago-jejunostomy after previous total gastrectomy.

• Curative pancreatectomy
• Endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration biopsy
• Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma
• Post-total gastrectomy

• double primary cancer
• lung cancer
• misdiagnosis
• nasal vestibule
• radiotherapy
• squamous cell carcinoma

A 72-year-old male with an early stage “node-negative” sigmoid colon cancer developed 2 separate “node-negative” early stage colon cancers during a subsequent colonoscopy surveillance regimen, the first in the descending colon 7 years later, and the second in the cecum almost 14 years after the first cancer was resected. After the initial symptomatic cancer, all subsequent neoplastic disease, including malignant cancers were completely asymptomatic. This entity, multiple primary cancers, likely reflected the use of a colonoscopic surveillance regimen.

• Colorectal cancer
• Surveillance colonoscopy
• Multiple primary cancer syndrome
• Metachronous colorectal cancer

• Adenocarcinoma/surgery
• Aged
• Cecum/surgery
• Colon, Sigmoid/surgery
• Colonic Neoplasms/surgery
• Colonoscopy
• Humans
• Male
• Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery
• Sigmoid Neoplasms/surgery
• Time Factors
• Treatment Outcome