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Camargo TL, Rupolo VL, Beretta MV, Garcez A. Household Food Insecurity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2025; 23:175-185. [PMID: 40059634 DOI: 10.1089/met.2024.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Household food insecurity (HFI) refers to the lack of access to safe and nutritious food, and this condition may be associated with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus, this study aimed to conduct a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) to summarize the evidence from epidemiological studies on the association between HFI and MetS. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Information Center databases to retrieve epidemiological studies published until October 2023. The entire process of selection, data extraction, and assessment of article quality was independently performed by two reviewers. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the criteria proposed by the National Institutes of Health instrument. The random-effects model was used to report the quantitative synthesis of combined data. The Q-test and I2 index were used to assess heterogeneity. Egger's and Begg's tests were employed to evaluate publication bias. Results: A total of 10 articles meeting the eligibility criteria were selected and included in this meta-analysis. High heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I2 > 70), along with a low risk of publication bias. Considering all ten included studies, no statistically significant association was found between HFI and MetS (odds ratio = 1.17; 95% confidence interval: 0.89-1.55; I2 = 79.9%). Conclusions: The findings of this meta-analysis did not reveal a statistically significant association between HFI and MetS, indicating the need for further studies aimed at exploring and expanding the scientific evidence on this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiana Lemos Camargo
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Viviane Locatelli Rupolo
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mileni Vanti Beretta
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anderson Garcez
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Ban S, Baek J, Choi S, Han SH. Development of a sex-specific visceral fat area estimation using discrete multi-wavelength near-infrared spectroscopy measurements in Korean individuals. Int J Obes (Lond) 2025; 49:627-633. [PMID: 39558073 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES A high level of visceral fat area (VFA) is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. VFA measured by computer tomography (CT) scan is accurate but has limitations for everyday use. Meanwhile, near-infrared (NIR) light penetrates the superficial layers of the human body so that fat content can be measured just as CT imaging measures fat accumulation. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study evaluated whether discrete multi-wavelength NIR spectroscopy (DMW-NIRS) can be used to measure abdominal fat as a satisfactory alternative to a CT scan. 290 subjects were enrolled in this study, and each subject underwent DMW-NIRS NIR measurement and CT scan. A sex-specific DMW-NIRS-based VFA estimation formula was developed by multiple linear regression, including lipid density, age, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS The model of DMW-NIRS estimated VFA gave the least Akaike Information Criterions (AIC), Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSE), and the greatest Coefficient of determination (R2) to predict VFA (1199, 29.5, 0.544 in female, and 1714, 41.3, 0.504 in male, respectively). Also, the DMW-NIRS estimated that VFA was highly performed to determine visceral obesity, which is comparable with other obesity surrogates. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that lipid density can be used as a valid, noninvasive method to determine visceral obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonhyun Ban
- Olive Healthcare, 4, Jeongui-ro 8-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Baek
- Olive Healthcare, 4, Jeongui-ro 8-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Soee Choi
- Olive Healthcare, 4, Jeongui-ro 8-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Han
- Olive Healthcare, 4, Jeongui-ro 8-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea.
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Janssen JAMJL. The Causal Role of Ectopic Fat Deposition in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13238. [PMID: 39769002 PMCID: PMC11675790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252413238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Consuming a "modern" Western diet and overnutrition may increase insulin secretion. Additionally, nutrition-mediated hyperinsulinemia is a major driver of ectopic fat deposition. The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high and growing. Within this context, people with congenital lipodystrophy often experience a severe form of metabolic syndrome. Evidence is increasingly supporting that subtle partial lipodystrophy plays an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome in the general population. In individuals in the general population with subtle partial lipodystrophy, as well as in those with congenital lipodystrophy, the subcutaneous adipose tissues are unable to accommodate surplus energy intake. In both conditions, (excess) fat is directed toward the liver, pancreas, and muscles, where it is deposited as ectopic fat, as this fat can no longer be stored in the "safe" subcutaneous fat depots. Ectopic fat depositions cause insulin resistance in the liver and muscles, as well as β-cell dysfunction in the pancreas. Support of a direct pathological role of ectopic fat deposition in this condition is further provided by the rapid normalization of hepatic insulin sensitivity and improvement in pancreatic β-cell function after marked reductions in ectopic fat depositions. Thus, ectopic fat deposition in the liver, pancreas, and muscles may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome even in the general population. As such, the prevention of ectopic fat deposition may reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome and mitigate its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A M J L Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (Erasmus MC), Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Kobayashi G, Shinozaki T, Okada H, Nakajima H, Hashimoto Y, Hamaguchi M, Kurogi K, Murata H, Yoshida N, Ito M, Ohkuma T, Horiguchi G, Teramukai S, Fukui M. Associations between anthropometric indices as complementary predictors and incidence of type 2 diabetes; Panasonic Cohort Study 21. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 217:111888. [PMID: 39395467 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the predictive abilities of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-corrected BMI (wBMI), a body shape index (ABSI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) for the incidence of type 2 diabetes and determine the practical cut-off values for the Japanese population. METHODS This study used data from 155,623 participants who had medical checkups with Panasonic Corporation between 2008 and 2021. Predictive abilities of anthropometric indices were evaluated at 13 years using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. RESULTS 8,800 developed type 2 diabetes during the study period. The area under the ROC curve for the WHtR was high (0.717, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.710-0.724), with cut-off value of 0.497 in men, while those for wBMI (0.829, 95 % CI: 0.808-0.848) and WHtR (0.826, 95 % CI: 0.806-0.845) were high in women, with cut-off values of 18.6 kg/m and 0.510, respectively. It was also showed WHtR was the most effective in men, while WHtR and wBMI outperformed WC and were comparable to BMI in women for predicting type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS WHtR demonstrated superior effectiveness in predicting type 2 diabetes in men, while both WHtR and wBMI showed higher effectiveness than WC and were almost equivalent to BMI in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shinozaki
- Department of Information and Computer Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hanako Nakajima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazushiro Kurogi
- Department of Health Care Center, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Murata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshida
- Department of Health Care Center, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Masato Ito
- Department of Health Care Center, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohkuma
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Go Horiguchi
- Department of Biostatistics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Teramukai
- Department of Biostatistics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
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Wu WC, Wu PY, Lee MF, Chang CM, Chan CY, Huang CY. A meta-analysis of the association between RBP4 rs3758539 genotype and metabolic syndrome factors. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2839-2849. [PMID: 38637979 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore the link between the RBP4 rs3758539 genotype and metabolic syndrome risk factors and whether the impact of this genetic variation displays any potential race discrepancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42023407999). PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Airiti Library and CINAHL databases were used for the study search until October 2023. We evaluated the methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and determined the correlation using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS The results indicated that individuals with the rs3758539 GA/AA genotype had a higher risk profile, including lower high-density lipoprotein levels [correlation: -0.045, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.080 to -0.009, p = .015, I2 = 46.9%] and higher body mass index (correlation: 0.117, 95% CI: 0.036-0.197, p = .005, I2 = 82.0%), body fat (correlation: 0.098, 95% CI: 0.004-0.191, p = .041, I2 = 64.0%), and low-density lipoprotein levels (correlation: 0.074, 95% CI: 0.010-0.139, p = .024, I2 = 0%), of developing metabolic syndrome than those with the GG genotype. The subgroup analysis maintained a significantly positive correlation between the rs3758539 GA/AA genotype and body mass index (correlation: 0.163, 95% CI: 0.031-0.289, p = .016, I2 = 88.9%) but a negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein levels (correlation: -0.047, 95% CI: -0.087 to -0.006, p = .025, I2 = 65.7%) in the Asian group only. CONCLUSION The current meta-analysis supports a significant link between the RBP4 rs3758539 GA/AA genotype and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chieh Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fen Lee
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ming Chang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Chan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yin Huang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Foote AP, Salisbury CM, King ME, Rathert-Williams AR, McConnell HL, Beck MR. Association of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance with feed efficiency and production traits of finishing beef steers. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae050. [PMID: 38401157 PMCID: PMC10926941 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing nutrient utilization efficiency is an important component of enhancing the sustainability of beef cattle production. The objective of this experiment was to determine the association of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance with dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), gain:feed ratio (G:F), and residual feed intake (RFI). Steers (n = 54; initial body weight = 518 ± 27.0 kg) were subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) where glucose was dosed through a jugular catheter and serial blood samples were collected. Three days after the last group's IVGTT, steers began a 63-d DMI and ADG test. Body weight was measured on days 0, 1, 21, 42, 62, and 63, and DMI was measured using an Insentec Roughage Intake Control system (Hokofarm Group, Emmeloord, the Netherlands). To examine relationships between DMI, ADG, G:F, and RFI with IVGTT measurements, Pearson correlations were calculated using Proc Corr of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Additionally, cattle were classified based on DMI, ADG, RFI, and G:F, where the medium classification was set as mean ± 0.5 SD, the low classification was < 0.5 SD from the mean, and the high classification was > 0.5 SD from the mean. No associations between DMI and IVGTT parameters were observed, and no differences were detected when classifying cattle as having low, medium, or high DMI. Peak insulin concentration in response to the IVGTT tended to be correlated with ADG (r = 0.28; P = 0.07), indicating cattle with greater ADG tend to have a greater insulin release in response to glucose. Glucose nadir concentrations tended to be positively correlated with ADG (r = 0.26; P = 0.10). Additionally, the glucose nadir was greater in high-ADG steers (P = 0.003). The association of greater glucose nadir with high-ADG could indicate that high-ADG steers do not clear glucose as efficiently as low-ADG steers, potentially indicating increased insulin resistance. Further, RFI was not correlated with IVGTT measurements, but low RFI steers had a greater peak glucose concentration (P = 0.040) and tended to have a greater glucose area under the curve (P = 0.09). G:F was correlated with glucose area under the curve (r = 0.33; P = 0.050), glucose nadir (r = 0.35; P = 0.011), and insulin time to peak (r = 0.39; P = 0.010). These results indicate that glucose metabolism and insulin signaling are associated with growth and efficiency, but the molecular mechanisms that drive these effects need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Foote
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Carlee M Salisbury
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Mindy E King
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | | | - Hunter L McConnell
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Matthew R Beck
- Livestock Nutrient Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Bushland, TX 79012, USA
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Belli M, Bellia A, Sergi D, Barone L, Lauro D, Barillà F. Glucose variability: a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1291-1299. [PMID: 37341768 PMCID: PMC10442283 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02097-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND DATA SYNTHESIS Glucose variability (GV) is increasingly considered an additional index of glycemic control. Growing evidence indicates that GV is associated with diabetic vascular complications, thus being a relevant point to address in diabetes management. GV can be measured using various parameters, but to date, a gold standard has not been identified. This underscores the need for further studies in this field also to identify the optimal treatment. CONCLUSIONS We reviewed the definition of GV, the pathogenetic mechanisms of atherosclerosis, and its relationship with diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Belli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucy Barone
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Hassan S, Gujral UP, Quarells RC, Rhodes EC, Shah MK, Obi J, Lee WH, Shamambo L, Weber MB, Narayan KMV. Disparities in diabetes prevalence and management by race and ethnicity in the USA: defining a path forward. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:509-524. [PMID: 37356445 PMCID: PMC11070656 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes disparities in the USA persist in both the prevalence of disease and diabetes-related complications. We conducted a literature review related to diabetes prevention, management, and complications across racial and ethnic groups in the USA. The objective of this review is to summarise the current understanding of diabetes disparities by examining differences between and within racial and ethnic groups and among young people (aged <18 years). We also examine the pathophysiology of diabetes as it relates to race and ethnic differences. We use a conceptual framework built on the socioecological model to categorise the causes of diabetes disparities across the lifespan looking at factors in five domains of health behaviours and social norms, public awareness, structural racism, economic development, and access to high-quality care. The range of disparities in diabetes prevalence and management in the USA calls for a community-engaged and multidisciplinary approach that must involve community partners, researchers, practitioners, health system administrators, and policy makers. We offer recommendations for each of these groups to help to promote equity in diabetes prevention and care in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saria Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Unjali P Gujral
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rakale C Quarells
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Rhodes
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Megha K Shah
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jane Obi
- Emory School of Medicine, and the Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wei-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luwi Shamambo
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Weber
- Emory School of Medicine, and the Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory School of Medicine, and the Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Feng J, Huang Y, Wang H, Wang C, Xu H, Ke P, He Y, Tian Q, Cao S, Lu Z. Association between adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet and serum uric acid. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6347. [PMID: 37072454 PMCID: PMC10113210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the relationship between Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and serum uric acid (SUA) levels among the Chinese adult population, and verify the mediating effect of BMI between DASH diet and SUA levels. A total of 1125 adults were investigated using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. SUA levels were determined by uricase colorimetry. The total DASH score ranged from 9 to 72. The relationship between the DASH diet and SUA levels was examined by multiple adjusted regression analysis. Method of Bootstrap was used to test the mediation effect of BMI in the correlation of the DASH diet and SUA levels. After multivariable adjustment, there was a significant linear relationship between the DASH diet and SUA (P < 0.001). Compared with the lowest group, SUA of participants in group of highest DASH diet score decreased by 34.907 (95% CI - 52.227, - 17.588; P trend < 0.001) μmol/L. The association between the DASH diet scores and SUA levels was partly mediated by BMI (- 0.26, Bootstrap 95% CI - 0.49, - 0.07), with 10.53% of the total effect being mediated. Adopting the DASH diet might be helpful in reducing SUA level, and the effect might be partly mediated by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchai Huang
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haozhuo Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongbin Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Ke
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan He
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingfeng Tian
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shiyi Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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10
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Lopes KRDM, Alves JG, Souza ASR. Maternal visceral adiposity and fetal biometry in women with obesity and diabetes. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:404-409. [PMID: 36820769 PMCID: PMC10004300 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the correlation of maternal visceral adiposity with sonographic variables related to fetal biometry in the second trimester of pregnancy in mothers who were previously obese versus nonobese and gestational diabetic versus nondiabetic. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 583 pregnant women who received prenatal care between October 2011 and September 2013 at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, northeast of Brazil. Maternal visceral adiposity was measured by ultrasound examination at the same time as fetal biometry. Gestational age was 14.9±3.2 weeks. The correlation between maternal visceral adiposity and fetal biometric variables was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Among the groups, the correlation coefficients were compared using Fisher's Z-test. This test was also used to evaluate the null hypothesis of correlation coefficients between pairs of variables. RESULTS Maternal visceral adiposity positively correlated with fetal abdominal circumference, estimated fetal weight, head circumference, femur length, and biparietal diameter in pregnant women with obesity, nonobesity, gestational diabetes, and nondiabetes, but the correlation coefficients were statistically similar among the groups. CONCLUSION Maternal visceral adiposity positively correlated with fetal biometry in the second trimester of pregnancy in the same manner in pregnant women previously obese and nonobese, as well as in pregnant women with gestational diabetes and nondiabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Reis de Melo Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Fetal Cardiology Department, Fetal Medicine Unit - Recife (PE), Brazil
| | - João Guilherme Alves
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Post Graduation Department - Recife (PE), Brazil
| | - Alex Sandro Rolland Souza
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Post Graduation Department - Recife (PE), Brazil.,Universisade Católica de Pernambuco, School of Health and Life Sciences - Recife (PE), Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Academic Area of Gynecology and Obstetrics - Recife (PE), Brazil
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11
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Melander SA, Katri A, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. Improved metabolic efficacy of a dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist when combined with semaglutide or empagliflozin. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175397. [PMID: 36414113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are thought to bridge the gap between lifestyle modification and the weight loss obtained with bariatric surgery. Although the effect of monotherapies, namely amylin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, has shown great potential, combination therapy is now becoming a strategy to optimize efficacy for weight management while minimizing adverse effects. This study investigated a dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist (DACRA); KBP-066A in combination with the GLP-1R agonist semaglutide or the sodium-glucose co transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin for anti-obesity and anti-diabetic treatment. The effect of KBP-066A, semaglutide, and empagliflozin alone and in combination was studied with respect to their impact on body weight, food intake, and glucose metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD) and Zucker diabetic fatty (fa/fa) (ZDF) rats. Treatment with KBP-066A and semaglutide lowered body weight by 13% and 9.7%. In contrast, a combination of both KBP-066A + semaglutide reduced body weight by 21% in HFD rats demonstrating superiority compared to monotherapies alone. A combination of KBP-066A with semaglutide or empagliflozin significantly lowered fasting blood glucose, and HbA1C (%) levels in ZDF rats. The complementary action by KBP-066A to GLP-1R agonist and SGLT2i on BW, food intake and glucose control endorsed the potential of DACRAs as an add-on therapy to therapeutic options for T2D and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Katri
- Nordic Bioscience, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; KeyBioscience AG, Stans, Switzerland
| | - Kim Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; KeyBioscience AG, Stans, Switzerland
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12
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Malin SK, Remchak ME, Smith AJ, Ragland TJ, Heiston EM, Cheema U. Early chronotype with metabolic syndrome favours resting and exercise fat oxidation in relation to insulin-stimulated non-oxidative glucose disposal. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1255-1264. [PMID: 36123314 PMCID: PMC9633545 DOI: 10.1113/ep090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Chronotype reflects differences in circadian-mediated metabolic and hormonal profiles. But, does resting and/or exercise fuel use differ in early versus late chronotype as it relates to insulin sensitivity? What are the main finding and its importance? Early chronotypes with metabolic syndrome utilized more fat during rest and exercise independent of aerobic fitness when compared with late chronotypes. Early chronotypes were also more physically active throughout the day. Greater fat use was related to non-oxidative glucose disposal. These findings suggest that early chronotypes have differences in fuel selection that associate with type 2 diabetes risk. ABSTRACT Early chronotypes (ECs) are often insulin-sensitive, in part, due to physical activity behaviour. It is unclear, however, if chronotypes differ in resting and/or exercise fuel oxidation in relation to insulin action. Using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), adults with metabolic syndrome (ATP III criteria) were classified as EC (MEQ = 63.7 ± 0.9, n = 24 (19F), 54.2 ± 1.2 years) or late chronotype (LC; MEQ = 47.2 ± 1.4, n = 27 (23F), 55.3 ± 1.5 years). Carbohydrate (CHO) and fat oxidation (FOX, indirect calorimetry) were determined at rest, 55% and 85% V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{max}}}$ , along with heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. Physical activity patterns (accelerometers), body composition (DXA) and insulin sensitivity (clamp, 40 mU/m2 /min, 90 mg/dl) with an indirect calorimetry for non-oxidative glucose disposal (NOGD) were also determined. While demographics were similar, ECs had higher V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{max}}}$ (P = 0.02), NOGD (P < 0.001) and resting FOX (P = 0.02) than LCs. Both groups increased CHO reliance during exercise at 55% and 85% V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{max}}}$ (test effect, P < 0.01) from rest, although ECs used more fat (group effect, P < 0.01). ECs had lower sedentary behaviour and more physical activity during morning/midday (both, P < 0.05). FOX at 55% V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{max}}}$ correlated with V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{max}}}$ (r = 0.425, P = 0.004) whereas FOX at 85% V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot{V}}_{{{\rm{O}}}_{\rm{2}}{\rm{max}}}$ related to NOGD (r = 0.392, P = 0.022). ECs with metabolic syndrome used more fat in relation to insulin-stimulated NOGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K. Malin
- Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA,University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Division of EndocrinologyMetabolism and NutritionRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA,New Jersey Institute for FoodNutrition and HealthRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA,Institute of Translational Medicine and ScienceRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | | | | | | | - Emily M. Heiston
- University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
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13
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The Correlation between the Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Coagulation Markers in Patients with Recent Acute Myocardial Infarction. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6206802. [PMID: 36312588 PMCID: PMC9613396 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6206802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic abnormalities and hypercoagulability seem to have an important predictive role in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has emerged as a good marker for metabolic syndrome with predictive value for cardiovascular events. Overall haemostatic potential (OHP) is a reliable global haemostatic essay to identify hypercoagulability in CAD patients. The aim of our study was therefore to evaluate a possible correlation between the TyG index and haemostatic derangements in patients with CAD. Methods Consecutive patients referred for the first follow-up visit after acute myocardial infarction between December 1, 2018, and March 31, 2020, and did not meet exclusion criteria were included. We determined OHP, overall coagulation potential (OCP), overall fibrinolytic potential (OFP), fibrinogen, D-dimer, and von Willebrand factor from peripheral blood samples. The TyG index was calculated with the previously described and validated formula. Linear regression models were constructed for the multivariate analysis. Results A total of 117 patients (mean age 56 ± 10 years, 20% women) were included. A correlation was found between TyG index and OCP (r = 0.229, p = 0.026), TyG index and OHP (r = 0.202, p = 0.050), and TyG index and fibrinogen (r = 0.271, p = 0.005). In the multivariate model which accounted for sex, age, and BMI, the correlation between TyG index and OCP (R2 0.108; ANOVA for regression p = 0.035; beta 2.08 [0.79-4.01], p = 0.042) and between TyG index and fibrinogen (R2 0.11; ANOVA for regression p = 0.015; beta 0.35 [0.08-0.62], p = 0.012) emerged as statistically significant. Conclusion The TyG index, a marker of metabolic syndrome, has a strong correlation with a hypercoagulability state in CAD, as determined by the OCP and higher fibrinogen levels. Our findings suggest that metabolic syndrome may be an important driver of atherothrombotic risk in patients with CAD.
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14
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Evaluation of progression in metabolic parameters along with markers of subclinical inflammation and atherosclerosis among normoglycemic first degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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15
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Santoro NF, Coons HL, El Khoudary SR, Epperson CN, Holt-Lunstad J, Joffe H, Lindsey SH, Marlatt KL, Montella P, Richard-Davis G, Rockette-Wagner B, Salive ME, Stuenkel C, Thurston RC, Woods N, Wyatt H. NAMS 2021 Utian Translational Science SymposiumSeptember 2021, Washington, DCCharting the path to health in midlife and beyond: the biology and practice of wellness. Menopause 2022; 29:504-513. [PMID: 35486944 PMCID: PMC9248978 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Charting the Path to Health in Midlife and Beyond: The Biology and Practice of Wellness was a Translational Science Symposium held on Tuesday, September 21, 2021. Foundational psychosocial and behavioral approaches to promote healthy aging and strategies to disseminate this information were discussed. The following synopsis documents the conversation, describes the state of the science, and outlines a path forward for clinical practice. Wellness, in its broadest sense, prioritizes an orientation toward health, and an embrace of behaviors that will promote it. It involves a journey to improve and maintain physical and mental health and overall well-being to fully engage and live one's best life. It is more about recognizing and optimizing what one can do than what one cannot do and emphasizes the individual's agency over changing what they are able to change. Wellness is therefore not a passive state but rather an active goal to be sought continually. When viewed in this fashion, wellness is accessible to all. The conference addressed multiple aspects of wellness and embraced this philosophy throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen L Coons
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | | | - Hadine Joffe
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia Stuenkel
- University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Nancy Woods
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Holly Wyatt
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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16
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Prandi FR, Lecis D, Illuminato F, Milite M, Celotto R, Lerakis S, Romeo F, Barillà F. Epigenetic Modifications and Non-Coding RNA in Diabetes-Mellitus-Induced Coronary Artery Disease: Pathophysiological Link and New Therapeutic Frontiers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4589. [PMID: 35562979 PMCID: PMC9105558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a glucose metabolism disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a deficit of insulin production and/or action. DM affects more than 1 in 10 adults, and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for two thirds of the overall deaths in diabetic patients, with coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic cardiomyopathy as the main contributors. Hyperglycemic damage on vascular endothelial cells leading to endothelial dysfunction represents the main initiating factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still not entirely understood. This review addresses the current knowledge on the pathophysiological links between DM and CAD with a focus on the role of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNA control. Increased knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms has contributed to the development of new pharmacological treatments ("epidrugs") with epigenetic targets, although these approaches present several challenges. Specific epigenetic biomarkers may also be used to predict or detect the development and progression of diabetes complications. Further studies on diabetes and CAD epigenetics are needed in order to identify possible new therapeutic targets and advance personalized medicine with the prediction of individual drug responses and minimization of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Prandi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Dalgisio Lecis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Federica Illuminato
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Marialucia Milite
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Roberto Celotto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Stamatios Lerakis
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Department of Departmental Faculty of Medicine, Unicamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
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17
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Duan K, Yan X, Gao Z, Hou Y, Lv X, Song G. Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Fat Distribution in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1149-1160. [PMID: 35191185 PMCID: PMC9248433 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1Ras) are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes. They not only reduce glucose, but also have a positive effect on weight loss. However, few studies have reported the effect of GLP‐1Ras on fat distribution. Materials and Methods PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials on GLP‐1Ras and type 2 diabetes, published from inception to June 2021. Our main outcomes were the reductions of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Other anthropometric outcomes were also assessed. We used the Cochrane Collaboration tools to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation profiler version 3.6. Review Manager 5.4.1 and Stata 16.0 were used for data analysis. Results A total of 10 studies involving 541 patients were included. Compared with the control groups, the GLP‐1Ras groups showed reductions in VAT (standard mean difference −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.92, −0.17, I2 = 79%, P = 0.005) and SAT (standard mean difference −0.44, 95% CI −0.60, −0.27, I2 = 44%, P < 0.00001). In addition, bodyweight (weighted mean difference −3.59, 95% CI −4.30, −2.88, I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001), waist circumference (weighted mean difference −3.09, 95% CI −4.66, −1.52, I2 = 70%, P = 0.0001) and body mass index (weighted mean difference −1.11, 95% CI −1.35, −0.86, I2 = 47%, P < 0.00001) were significantly decreased. According to the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach, the level of evidence was low or moderate. Conclusion This study highlights that GLP‐1Ras, especially liraglutide and exenatide, might play an active role in fat distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes. After treatment with GLP‐1Ras, both VAT and SAT decreased, and the decrease of VAT was numerically greater than that of SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Duan
- Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaolu Yan
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yilin Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiuqin Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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18
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Gupta S, Gupta A, Swarnakar CP, Rathore M, Beniwal R, Meena K, Simlot A, Gupta N. The Early Sonographic Prediction of Gestational Diabetes in Women From India. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/87564793211029882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to look for the earliest, cost -effective method that can be added to the routine antenatal screening for identifying patients who might develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a proactive manner, as opposed to the current reactive approach of screening and treating GDM, during the second trimester of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: 190 singleton pregnant women in the age group 18-35 years were selected for the study. On these women two step assessment was done. The current project was carried out to utilize sonography as an early, cost-effective method which could be added to routine antenatal screening for identifying patients, at risk for developing GDM. Results: Body mass index was found to have a significant association in those patients with GDM with a P < .001. There was a significant association between subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) depth and occurrence of GDM, with a P-value of <.001. Also, in the present study, the occurrence of GDM significantly increased with a rise in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and there was a significant association between the two, with P < .001. It was noted that there were greater incidences of GDM as VAT depth increased. The existence of GDM greatly increased with a rise in total abdominal tissue (TAT), and there was a significant association between the two, with P < .001 Conclusion: The sonographic measurement of SAT, VAT, and TAT, could be potential marker to identify probable events for the development of GDM, among Asian Indian women who tend to have T2DM, due to differential distribution of fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Arjun Gupta
- Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, KLE University, Belagavi, India
| | - C. P. Swarnakar
- Department of Radiology, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Monika Rathore
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Ramesh Beniwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Kiran Meena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Anita Simlot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Research and Development Cell, IIS (Deemed to be University), Jaipur, India
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19
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Zuo Q, Band S, Kesavadas M, Madak Erdogan Z. Obesity and Postmenopausal Hormone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer: Epidemiology and Mechanisms. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6370080. [PMID: 34519778 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a potential risk for several cancers, including postmenopausal, hormone dependent breast cancers. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the impact of obesity on postmenopausal women's health and discuss several mechanisms that were proposed to increase the risk of breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Zuo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shoham Band
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mrinali Kesavadas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zeynep Madak Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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20
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Farahmand M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Rahmati M, Azizi F. Anthropometric Indices and Age at Natural Menopause: A 15-Year Follow-up Population-Based Study. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2021; 19:e109285. [PMID: 35043051 PMCID: PMC8761485 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.109285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following menopause, the risk of many diseases is increased, and this situation may be due to changes in anthropometric indices (AI), while the association between adiposity and age at natural menopause (ANM) is not clear yet. OBJECTIVES This longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the ability of AI in predicting ANM. METHODS For this purpose, a total of 3,876 women aged > 20 years old from participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS) met our eligibility criteria. The association between ANM and various AIs was assessed using the Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) model, and time ratio (TR) with 95% confidence intervals was reported in this longitudinal study. RESULTS The median [interquartile range (IQR) 25 - 75] of the survival time was 12.5 (7.9 - 15.8) years. At the end of the follow-up, 1,479 (38.2%) of the participants reached menopause. The median time to natural menopause was decreased by about 2% with one standard deviation (SD) increase of both a body shape index (ABSI) (time ratio (TR): 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97, 0.99) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) (TR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99) z-scores; and this time was increased by about 1% (TR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02) with one SD increase in body mass index (BMI) z-score. CONCLUSIONS The ABSI, LAP, and BMI were the most useful AIs for identification of the time to menopause onset, and ABSI and LAP were inversely associated with the ANM. Also, the BMI was directly associated with the ANM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farahmand
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahmati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Zheng J, Jiang M, Xie Y. Influence of uric acid on the correlation between waist circumference and triglyceride glucose index: an analysis from CHARLS. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:42. [PMID: 33931084 PMCID: PMC8086271 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Waist circumference (WC) and uric acid (UA) are significantly related. Still, their temporal sequence and how the sequence works on future risk of triglyceride glucose (TyG) are unknown, especially in the Chinese population. Methods Cross-lagged panel model was used to analyze the reciprocal, longitudinal relationships among a set of interrelated variables. The mediation model was constructed to test the effect of the relationship between WC and UA on TyG. Results A total of 5727 subjects were enrolled in our study population, of which 53.5% were women, and the mean age was 59.0 (standard deviation, 8.62) years. After adjusting for traditional confounding factors, the results showed that a higher level of baseline WC was significantly associated with a higher level of follow-up UA (β = 0.003, P = 0.031) and follow-up TyG (β = 0.003, P < 0.001);. Simultaneously, there was no statistical association between the level of baseline UA and the level of follow-up WC (β = − 0.009, P = 0.951). The mediation effects of UA on WC-TyG were estimated to be 18.1% in adults, and 36.2% in women. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that higher baseline level of WC probably preceded UA’ level in general population. In addition, UA mediated the relationship of WC to TyG, especially in females. And the possible mechanism would require further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zheng
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, P. R. China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yanxia Xie
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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22
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Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition, generally regarded as an irreversible, that is among the top 10 causes of death globally. The hallmark of T2D is hyperglycemia, which results from disturbances in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Several clinical and lifestyle factors are involved in the progression of T2D, such as obesity and physical inactivity. A high-calorie diet is the main contributor to the development of obesity, which results in T2D, as obesity or increased intra-abdominal adipose tissue is related to insulin resistance. Technological advances have contributed to individuals having a more sedentary lifestyle, leading to obesity and T2D. T2D can be treated with lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise. Herein, we highlight the positive impact of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) and lifestyle modalities in the treatment and prevention of T2D. An inclusion of VLCD 400-800 kcal/day for 8 weeks and ≥ 150 minutes exercise 5 times a week as lifestyle interventions can decrease glucose levels to normal, reduce HbA1c and improve insulin resistance and sensitivity. Therefore, a potential mechanism in maintaining glucose homeostasis and remission of T2D by VLCD and exercise reduces body weight.
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Pirotta S, Joham A, Grieger JA, Tay CT, Bahri-Khomami M, Lujan M, Lim SS, Moran LJ. Obesity and the Risk of Infertility, Gestational Diabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Semin Reprod Med 2021; 38:342-351. [PMID: 33873233 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the relationship between obesity and the most common reproductive (infertility) and metabolic (gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] and type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]) consequences in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It also describes the vital role of lifestyle management for PCOS. PCOS is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder common in reproductive-age women. Consensus on the exact etiological mechanisms of PCOS is unreached. Overweight or obesity is present in at least 60% of the PCOS population, but the condition occurs irrespective of BMI, with excess BMI increasing both the prevalence and severity of clinical features. Use of lifestyle therapies (nutrition, physical activity, and/or behavioral) for the prevention and management of excess weight gain, infertility, GDM, and T2DM is a vital component of best-practice PCOS care. Lifestyle management is recommended for all women with PCOS as the first-line treatment with or without medications. Due to a lack of high-quality trials demonstrating the efficacy of specific lifestyle approaches, PCOS lifestyle recommendations are as those for the general population. This review summarizes current knowledge relating to obesity and its impact on fertility, GDM, and T2DM. It also summarizes the lifestyle recommendations to best manage these conditions in women with PCOS and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pirotta
- Health and Social Care Unit, SPHPM, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anju Joham
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica A Grieger
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chau Tien Tay
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Bahri-Khomami
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marla Lujan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, New York
| | - Siew S Lim
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Harindhanavudhi T, Yang Y, Hodges JS, Pruett TL, Kirchner V, Beilman GJ, Bellin MD. Body Composition is Associated With Islet Function After Pancreatectomy and Islet Autotransplantation for Pancreatitis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e496-e506. [PMID: 33124670 PMCID: PMC7823238 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Body composition in total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) has never been studied. OBJECTIVE Determine whether presurgical body composition is associated with islet function and insulin sensitivity after TPIAT. METHODS In 88 adults undergoing TPIAT (median age 41.0 years, IQR 32.8-48.0), beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity were assessed using mixed meal tolerance test and frequent sample intravenous glucose tolerance test before surgery and 12 and 18 months afterward. Body composition was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Analyses used linear and logistic regression. RESULTS Before surgery, 8 individuals (9.1%) were underweight, 40 (45.5%) normal weight, 20 (22.7%) overweight, and 20 (22.7%) obese. Overweight/obese patients had higher area under the curve C-peptide and lower insulin sensitivity index. Baseline body weight was positively associated with first-phase insulin secretion (AIRg) at 12 months (average 38.5 [SE 17.1] mU/L/min higher per extra kg; P = 0.03) and 18 months (38.3 [18.5]; P = 0.04), while baseline lean mass was inversely associated with AIRg at 12 months (-0.05 [0.02] per extra kg; P = 0.01) and 18 months (-0.05 [0.02]; P = 0.03). Percent gynoid fat was inversely associated with disposition index at 18 months (-206.0 [97.2] per extra percent; P = 0.04). Percent body fat and percent gynoid fat were associated with glucose effectiveness index at 18 months (1.9 × 10-3 [0.9 × 10-3] per extra percent; P = 0.04 and -1.96 × 10-3 [0.8 × 10-3]; P = 0.02, respectively). Insulin independence was not significantly associated with body weight or composition. CONCLUSIONS Half of these chronic pancreatitis patients were overweight/obese; underweight was uncommon. Preoperative body weight and composition were associated with islet function but not insulin independence after TPIAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasma Harindhanavudhi
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Tasma Harindhanavudhi, MD, 420 Delaware Street S.E., MMC 101 Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. E-mail:
| | - Yi Yang
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - James S Hodges
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Timothy L Pruett
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Varvara Kirchner
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gregory J Beilman
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Melena D Bellin
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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25
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Garg RK, Ouyang B, Khan J, Panos N, Da Silva I, Hall D, Shepherd S, John S, Kocak M, Bhabad S, Kazlauskaite R, Jhaveri M, Bleck TP. Association of Longitudinal Glycemia with Diffusion Weighted Imaging Lesions in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 30:105554. [PMID: 33341562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Higher glycemia on admission has been associated with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesions in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). However, the influence of longitudinal glycemia after admission and during a patient's hospitalization on DWI lesions in sICH has not been studied. Our aim was to compare longitudinal glycemia in sICH patients with and without DWI lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Glycemia measurements were abstracted on participants enrolled in a prospective observational study examining predictors for DWI lesions in sICH. Univariate analysis was used to compare mean longitudinal glycemia in sICH patients with and without DWI lesions. Logistical regression was used to determine whether mean longitudinal glycemia was predictive of DWI lesions. RESULTS DWI lesions were found in 60 of the 121 (49.6%) participants. Mean time-to-MRI was 99.6 h (SD ± 89). During this time interval, 2,101 glucose measurements were analyzed with a median number of 7 (IQR 12, 1-261) measurements per patient. Mean longitudinal glycemia was higher in the DWI positive group compared to the DWI negative group until time-to-MRI (132 mg/dL vs 122 mg/dL, p = 0.03). Mean longitudinal glycemia was found to be predictive of DWI lesions (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.035, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Mean longitudinal glycemia was higher in sICH patients with DWI lesions compared to those without DWI lesions. Future research into the association between higher glycemia and DWI lesions in sICH may provide insight into a pathophysiologic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Deborah Hall
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sayona John
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mehmet Kocak
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Impact of Physical Activity and Weight Loss on Fat Mass, Glucose Metabolism, and Inflammation in Older African Americans with Osteoarthritis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113299. [PMID: 33126555 PMCID: PMC7694088 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There are currently very few interventions performed within a community setting that compare the effects of physical activity (PA) versus PA plus weight loss on cancer and chronic disease risk in older African Americans. Therefore, we investigated the impact of an 8 week (24 session) PA intervention compared to a PA plus weight loss intervention on fat mass, glucose metabolism, and markers of inflammation in older, overweight and obese African Americans. (2) Methods: Subjects were randomized to a PA (n = 83) or PA plus weight loss (n = 72) intervention that met three times weekly for 8 weeks. At baseline and post-intervention, anthropometrics, body composition, systemic inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 6), fasting glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. (3) Results: Subjects had a mean age of 67 years (SD = 5.3) and were mostly women (88%). The PA plus weight loss group lost more total and visceral fat than the PA group (−4.0% vs. +0.6% and −4.1% vs. +3.7%, respectively, p < 0.01 for both). Changes in inflammation and glucose metabolism were similar between groups post-intervention. Within the PA plus weight loss group only, serum insulin and HOMA-IR decreased significantly. (4) Conclusions: PA combined with weight loss can decrease total and visceral fat mass and improve insulin sensitivity, confirming that these cancer- and chronic disease-related risk factors are influenced by relatively modest lifestyle changes in the short term.
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Frasca D, Blomberg BB. Adipose tissue, immune aging, and cellular senescence. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:573-587. [PMID: 32785750 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a serious health problem as it is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with reduced healthspan and lifespan, decreased responses to infections and vaccination, and increased frequency of inflammatory conditions typical of old age. Obesity is characterized by increased fat mass and remodeling of the adipose tissue (AT). In this review, we summarize published data on the different types of AT present in mice and humans, and their roles as fat storage as well as endocrine and immune tissues. We review the age-induced changes, including those in the distribution of fat in the body, in abundance and function of adipocytes and their precursors, and in the infiltration of immune cells from the peripheral blood. We also show that cells with a senescent-associated secretory phenotype accumulate in the AT of mice and humans with age, where they secrete several factors involved in the establishment and maintenance of local inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, tissue remodeling, and infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells. Not only adipocytes and pre-adipocytes but also immune cells show a senescent phenotype in the AT. With the increase in human lifespan, it is crucial to identify strategies of intervention and target senescent cells in the AT to reduce local and systemic inflammation and the development of age-associated diseases. Several studies have indeed shown that senescent cells can be effectively targeted in the AT by selectively removing them or by inhibiting the pathways that lead to the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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28
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Kuchkuntla AR, Shah M, Velapati S, Gershuni VM, Rajjo T, Nanda S, Hurt RT, Mundi MS. Ketogenic Diet: an Endocrinologist Perspective. Curr Nutr Rep 2020; 8:402-410. [PMID: 31705484 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-00297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity and its related comorbidities make up a large part of healthcare expenditures. Despite a wide array of options for treatment of obesity, rates of sustained weight loss continue to be low, leading patients to seek alternative treatment options. Although the first medically utilized ketogenic diet was described nearly 100 years ago, it has made a resurgence as a treatment option for obesity. Despite increased popularity in the lay public and increased use of ketogenic dietary strategies for metabolic therapy, we are still beginning to unravel the metabolic impact of long-term dietary ketosis. RECENT FINDINGS There are a number of recent trials that have highlighted the short- and long-term benefits of ketogenic diet on weight, glycemic control, and other endocrine functions including reproductive hormones. This review is a summary of available data on the effectiveness and durability of the ketogenic diet when compared to conventional interventions. Ketogenic dietary strategies may play a role in short-term improvement of important metabolic parameters with potential for long-term benefit. However, response may vary due to inter-individual ability to maintain long-term carbohydrate restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Saketh Velapati
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Victoria M Gershuni
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tamim Rajjo
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sanjeev Nanda
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ryan T Hurt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Manpreet S Mundi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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29
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Single cell approaches to address adipose tissue stromal cell heterogeneity. Biochem J 2020; 477:583-600. [PMID: 32026949 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A central function of adipose tissue is in the management of systemic energy homeostasis that is achieved through the co-ordinated regulation of energy storage and mobilization, adipokine release, and immune functions. With the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disease over the past 30 years, there has been extensive interest in targeting adipose tissue for therapeutic benefit. However, in order for this goal to be achieved it is essential to establish a comprehensive atlas of adipose tissue cellular composition and define mechanisms of intercellular communication that mediate pathologic and therapeutic responses. While traditional methods, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and genetic lineage tracing, have greatly advanced the field, these approaches are inherently limited by the choice of markers and the ability to comprehensively identify and characterize dynamic interactions among stromal cells within the tissue microenvironment. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has emerged as a powerful tool for deconvolving cellular heterogeneity and holds promise for understanding the development and plasticity of adipose tissue under normal and pathological conditions. scRNAseq has recently been used to characterize adipose stem cell (ASC) populations and has provided new insights into subpopulations of macrophages that arise during anabolic and catabolic remodeling in white adipose tissue. The current review summarizes recent findings that use this technology to explore adipose tissue heterogeneity and plasticity.
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30
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Marlatt KL, Redman LM, Beyl RA, Smith SR, Champagne CM, Yi F, Lovejoy JC. Racial differences in body composition and cardiometabolic risk during the menopause transition: a prospective, observational cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 222:365.e1-365.e18. [PMID: 31610152 PMCID: PMC7141969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity disproportionately affects more women than men. The loss of ovarian function during the menopause transition coincides with weight gain, increases in abdominal adiposity, and impaired metabolic health. Racial differences in obesity prevalence that results from the menopause transition are not well understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to assess longitudinal changes in body composition and cardiometabolic risk among black and white women during the menopausal transition. STUDY DESIGN In a secondary analysis of a prospective, observational cohort study (the Healthy Transitions study), 161 women ≥43 years old with a body mass index of 20-40 kg/m2 and who had not yet transitioned through menopause were enrolled at Pennington Biomedical Research Center. Women were seen annually for body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, for abdominal adipose tissue distribution by computed tomography, for sex steroid hormones, and for cardiometabolic risk factors that include fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids. Surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity were also calculated. RESULTS Ninety-four women (25 black, 69 white) transitioned through menopause and were included within the analyses. At menopause onset, black women weighed more (77.8±3.0 vs 70.8±1.8 kg) and had a higher systolic (125±16 vs 118±14 mm Hg) and diastolic (80±8 vs 74±7 mm Hg) blood pressure compared with white women (all P≤.05). No other differences in body composition, sex steroid hormones, or cardiometabolic risk factors were observed at menopause onset. Before menopause, white women gained significant weight (3 kg), total body adiposity (6% percent body fat, 9% fat mass, 12% trunk fat mass) and abdominal adipose tissue (19% subcutaneous fat, 15% visceral fat, 19% total adipose tissue), which coincided with significant decreases in estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and estrone sulfate and increases in follicle-stimulating hormone, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conversely, black women had more abdominal adipose tissue before menopause, which was maintained across the menopause transition. Black women also had significant decreases in estrone sulfate and total testosterone and increases in follicle-stimulating hormone before menopause. In the postmenopausal years, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, total adipose tissue, follicle-stimulating hormone, total cholesterol, and low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased only in white women. CONCLUSION White women gained more abdominal adiposity during the menopause transition compared with black women, which, in part, may be due to differences in the pattern of sex steroid hormone changes between women of different racial backgrounds. The gains in abdominal adiposity in white women were observed in tandem with increased cardiometabolic risk factors. Future studies should consider comprehensive lifestyle approaches to target these increased gains in abdominal adiposity (ie, nutrition and physical activity coaching), while taking into account the potential interactions of race, body adiposity, sex steroid hormones, and their influence on cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robbie A Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Steve R Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, FL
| | | | - Fanchao Yi
- Center for Collaborative Research, Advent Health, Orlando, FL
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31
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Arad AD, Basile AJ, Albu J, DiMenna FJ. No Influence of Overweight/Obesity on Exercise Lipid Oxidation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051614. [PMID: 32120832 PMCID: PMC7084725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to lean counterparts, overweight/obese individuals rely less on lipid during fasting. This deficiency has been implicated in the association between overweight/obesity and blunted insulin signaling via elevated intramuscular triglycerides. However, the capacity for overweight/obese individuals to use lipid during exercise is unclear. This review was conducted to formulate a consensus regarding the influence of overweight/obesity on exercise lipid use. PubMed, ProQuest, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Articles were included if they presented original research on the influence of overweight/obesity on exercise fuel use in generally healthy sedentary adults. Articles were excluded if they assessed older adults, individuals with chronic disease, and/or exercise limitations or physically-active individuals. The search identified 1205 articles with 729 considered for inclusion after duplicate removal. Once titles, abstracts, and/or manuscripts were assessed, 24 articles were included. The preponderance of evidence from these articles indicates that overweight/obese individuals rely on lipid to a similar extent during exercise. However, conflicting findings were found in eight articles due to the outcome measure cited, participant characteristics other than overweight/obesity and characteristics of the exercise bout(s). We also identified factors other than body fatness which can influence exercise lipid oxidation that should be controlled in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avigdor D. Arad
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.D.A.); (A.J.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Anthony J. Basile
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.D.A.); (A.J.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Jeanine Albu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.D.A.); (A.J.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Fred J. DiMenna
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.D.A.); (A.J.B.); (J.A.)
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Columbia University Teachers College, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Correspondence:
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32
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Alkhaldy AA, Rizq NK, Del Jaylan SA, Alkendi EA, Alghamdi WM, Alfaraidi SM. Dietary Intake and Physical Activity in Relation to Insulin Resistance in Young Overweight Saudi Females: An Exploratory Pilot Study. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 24:373-380. [PMID: 31915631 PMCID: PMC6941727 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.4.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major contributor to the development of several chronic metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is an increasing health concern in Saudi Arabia. Diet and physical activity have been postulated to affect insulin resistance; however, their effects on development of insulin resistance in young overweight Saudi females have not been explored. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate whether diet and physical inactivity increases the risk of insulin resistance in young overweight Saudi females. In a cross-sectional study, 42 overweight female Saudi students, aged between 20 and 30 years, were recruited from King Abdul-Aziz University. A questionnaire was used to collect demographics, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, and food frequency data. Blood biomarkers (lipid profile, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin) were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed using homeostasis model assessment 2 (HOMA2)-insulin resistance (IR) scores. A significant difference in median body mass index (BMI) was observed between the HOMA2-IR normal and HOMA2-IR raised index groups (P=0.04). In terms of dietary habits, the insulin resistant group had a higher intake of canned beverages compared with the normal group (P=0.03). No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, or body fat percentage. The lipid profile also did not significantly differ between the two groups. This study demonstrates significant differences in HOMA2-IR-defined insulin resistance according to subjects’ BMI and canned beverage intake. A larger study is needed to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Ali Alkhaldy
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Kamal Rizq
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Del Jaylan
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Ali Alkendi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wijdan Mohammed Alghamdi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Mohammed Alfaraidi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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33
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Reiterer M, Schmidt-Kastner R, Milton SL. Methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) dysfunction in human brain disease. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1144-1154. [PMID: 31775527 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1662899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has shown that oxidative stress is strongly associated with aging, senescence and several diseases, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Oxidative stress is caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be counteracted by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. One of these antioxidant mechanisms is the widely studied methionine sulfoxide reductase system (Msr). Methionine is one of the most easily oxidized amino acids and Msr can reverse this oxidation and restore protein function, with MsrA and MsrB reducing different stereoisomers. This article focuses on experimental and genetic research performed on Msr and its link to brain diseases. Studies on several model systems as well as genome-wide association studies are compiled to highlight the role of MSRA in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Genetic variation of MSRA may also contribute to the risk of psychosis, personality traits, and metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Reiterer
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | | | - Sarah L Milton
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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34
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Caro P, Guerra X, Canals A, Weisstaub G, Sandaña C. Is neck circumference an appropriate tool to predict cardiovascular risk in clinical practice? A cross-sectional study in Chilean population. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028305. [PMID: 31699715 PMCID: PMC6858176 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neck circumference has emerged as a predictor of obesity and metabolic syndrome, but its clinical usefulness for different groups of population is not clearly defined. The aim is to evaluate the predictive capacity of neck circumference in order to detect cardiovascular risks (CVRs) on the Chilean population and to compare it with waist circumference performance. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING General Chilean population. PARTICIPANTS Data of 4607 adults aged 18 and over from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010 were analysed. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Anthropometrics measures included neck and waist circumference, height and weight. CVR was identified according to the Framingham tables adapted for the Chilean population. Receiver operating characteristics curves and logistic regression models were made to evaluate the performance of neck circumference to predict a moderate/high CVR, comparing it to waist circumference. RESULTS Almost 10% of the sample had a moderate or high CVR. The probability of having a moderate/high cardiovascular risk increase with cervical obesity (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.68) and central obesity (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.47 to 8.22). The area under the curves were high for cervical obesity (AUC 81.4%, 95% CI 78.8% to 84.0%) and central obesity (AUC 82.2%, 95% CI 79.7% to 84.7%) and not statistically different (p=0.152). CONCLUSIONS Neck obesity has a high capacity to predict moderate/high CVR in the Chilean population. Its good performance appears as an opportunity to use it in clinical practice when waist circumference measurement is difficult to measure and eventually replace the waist circumference measurement as the technique is easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Caro
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universidad Tecnológica de Chile Sede Apoquindo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Guerra
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universidad Tecnológica de Chile Sede Apoquindo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Canals
- Academic Direction, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
- Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo Weisstaub
- Public Nutrition Department, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Sandaña
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Siciliano PDO, Godoy-Matos AF, Braga LDDC, Denise Pires Carvalho J, Corrêa JODA. DPP4 activity is related to body weight and central fat in postmenopausal women. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:3031-3034. [PMID: 30030159 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a new adipokine increased in central obesity and related to insulin resistance (IR). Postmenopausal (PM) state may be associated with increase in body weight and central fat distribution. We hypothesize that DPP4 is increased in PM women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two non-obese PM and 22 non-obese premenopausal women (PreM), were evaluated. DPP4 activity, lipid profile, HbA1c, FSH, estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured; an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and IR calculated. Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Correlations between DPP4 and the anthropometric and metabolic variables and body fat distribution were studied. RESULTS DPP4 activity was not different between the two groups (PM 5309 ± 650 vs PreM 5387 ± 704 RLU; p = 0,70). In the PM group there was a significant correlation between DPP4 and body weight (r = 0,498; p = 0,03; n = 22) and trunk fat (r = 0,477; p = 0,03; n = 21). There was also a trend for correlation with android (r = 0,418; p = 0,06; n = 21) and total fat (r = 0,409; p = 0,06; n = 21). When stratified by BMI, DPP4 was significantly higher in PM women with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (p = 0,02). CONCLUSION DPP4 was not increased in PM but is associated with body weight and body fat centralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amelio F Godoy-Matos
- Metabolism Unit, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia(IEDE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Letícia Dinis da C Braga
- Metabolism Unit, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia(IEDE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Denise Pires Carvalho
- Endocrine Physiology Laboratory, Biophysics Institute of Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Pang Y, Kartsonaki C, Guo Y, Chen Y, Yang L, Bian Z, Bragg F, Millwood IY, Yu C, Lv J, Chen J, Li L, Holmes MV, Chen Z. Central adiposity in relation to risk of liver cancer in Chinese adults: A prospective study of 0.5 million people. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1245-1253. [PMID: 30665257 PMCID: PMC6767784 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Central adiposity is associated with liver cancer risk beyond general adiposity in Western populations. However, there is little prospective evidence in East Asian populations who are more likely to have central adiposity at given BMI levels. The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 512,713 adults aged 30-79 years from 10 diverse areas. During 10 years follow-up, 2,847 incident cases of liver cancer were identified. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for liver cancer associated with central adiposity, excluding individuals with cancers and liver diseases at baseline and the first 5 years of follow-up (1,049 incident liver cancer cases). Overall, mean waist circumference (WC) was 82.2 (SD 9.8) cm in men and 79.1 (9.5) cm in women. Central adiposity showed positive associations with liver cancer risk. Associations were strongest for WC and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), with adjusted HRs per 1-SD of 1.09 (95%CI 1.01-1.18) and 1.12 (1.02-1.23), respectively. The positive associations became stronger when additionally adjusting for BMI (1.26 [1.09-1.46] and 1.14 [1.02-1.28]). The positive association of central obesity (WC ≥90 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women) with liver cancer increased progressively with the number of other presenting metabolic risk factors (physical inactivity, diabetes, and hypertension), with HRs of 1.07 (0.90-1.28), 1.17 (1.00-1.38), and 1.91 (1.40-2.59) in those with one, two, and three factors (p for trend 0.006). In this relatively lean Chinese population, there were positive associations of central adiposity with risk of liver cancer, with WHR and WC showing the strongest associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Pang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Iona Y. Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Canqing Yu
- School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jun Lv
- School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Junshi Chen
- National Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentBeijingChina
| | - Liming Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Michael V. Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University HospitalOld Road, OxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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The Postprandial Appearance of Features of Cardiometabolic Risk: Acute Induction and Prevention by Nutrients and Other Dietary Substances. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091963. [PMID: 31438565 PMCID: PMC6770341 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of diets, food, and food components that affect postprandial inflammation, endothelial function, and oxidative stress, which are related to cardiometabolic risk. A high-energy meal, rich in saturated fat and sugars, induces the transient appearance of a series of metabolic, signaling and physiological dysregulations or dysfunctions, including oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which are directly related to the amplitude of postprandial plasma triglycerides and glucose. Low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are also known to cluster together with insulin resistance, a third risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type-II diabetes, thus making a considerable contribution to cardiometabolic risk. Because of the marked relevance of the postprandial model to nutritional pathophysiology, many studies have investigated whether adding various nutrients and other substances to such a challenge meal might mitigate the onset of these adverse effects. Some foods (e.g., nuts, berries, and citrus), nutrients (e.g., l-arginine), and other substances (various polyphenols) have been widely studied. Reports of favorable effects in the postprandial state have concerned plasma markers for systemic or vascular pro-inflammatory conditions, the activation of inflammatory pathways in plasma monocytes, vascular endothelial function (mostly assessed using physiological criteria), and postprandial oxidative stress. Although the literature is fragmented, this topic warrants further study using multiple endpoints and markers to investigate whether the interesting candidates identified might prevent or limit the postprandial appearance of critical features of cardiometabolic risk.
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Phuong TTT, Walker AE, Henson GD, Machin DR, Li DY, Donato AJ, Lesniewski LA. Deletion of Robo4 prevents high-fat diet-induced adipose artery and systemic metabolic dysfunction. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12540. [PMID: 30825241 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests the vascular endothelium plays a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of obesity by regulating the functional status of white adipose and systemic metabolism. Robo4 is expressed specifically in endothelial cells and increases vascular stability and inhibits angiogenesis. We sought to determine the role of Robo4 in modulating cardiometabolic function in response to high-fat feeding. METHODS We examined exercise capacity, glucose tolerance, and white adipose tissue artery gene expression, endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD), and angiogenesis in wild type and Robo4 knockout (KO) mice fed normal chow (NC) or a high-fat diet (HFD). RESULTS We found Robo4 deletion enhances exercise capacity in NC-fed mice and HFD markedly increased the expression of the Robo4 ligand, Slit2, in white adipose tissue. Deletion of Robo4 increased angiogenesis in white adipose tissue and protected against HFD-induced impairments in white adipose artery vasodilation and glucose intolerance. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a novel functional role for Robo4 in endothelial cell function and metabolic homeostasis in white adipose tissue, with Robo4 deletion protecting against endothelial and metabolic dysfunction associated with a HFD. Our findings suggest that Robo4-dependent signaling pathways may be a novel target in anti-obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T T Phuong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ashley E Walker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Grant D Henson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Daniel R Machin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Dean Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Salt Lake City Veteran's Affair Medical Center, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinic Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Salt Lake City Veteran's Affair Medical Center, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinic Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Bantle AE, Bosch TA, Dengel DR, Wang Q, Mashek DG, Chow LS. DXA-Determined Regional Adiposity Relates to Insulin Resistance in a Young Adult Population with Overweight andObesity. J Clin Densitom 2019; 22:287-292. [PMID: 30064815 PMCID: PMC6391218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a well-established risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and body fat distribution has important implications for this metabolic risk. In this cross-sectional study, we used dual X-ray absorptiometry body composition data from 123 young adult participants with overweight or obesity, and correlatedwith 2 indices of insulin resistance calculated from oral glucose tolerance tests. Participants were 70% women, with mean (standard error) age 30.1 (0.6) yr, body mass index (BMI) 34.0 (0.6) kg/m2, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of 2.1 (0.2), and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda ISI) of 5.8 (0.4). In women, the strongest correlations were observed with the android-to-gynoid ratio (r = 0.52, p < 0.001 for HOMA-IR; r = -0.46, p < 0.001 for Matsuda ISI), and these correlations remained significant after adjustment for BMI. For men, the strongest correlations were with android fat mass (r = 0.40, p = 0.01 for HOMA-IR; r = -0.37, p = 0.02 for Matsuda ISI). Visceral adipose tissue was correlated with HOMA-IR and Matsuda ISI in women, and only with Matsuda ISI in men. BMI correlated with HOMA-IR and with Matsuda ISI in both women and men. Regional adiposity determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry correlates with indices of insulin resistance in sedentary young adults with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Bantle
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Tyler A Bosch
- College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Donald R Dengel
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Douglas G Mashek
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa S Chow
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Dzierlenga MW, Yoon M, Wania F, Ward PL, Armitage JM, Wood SA, Clewell HJ, Longnecker MP. Quantitative bias analysis of the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 125:291-299. [PMID: 30735960 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An association between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153), and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported. Conditional on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), a higher serum PCB-153 concentration may be a marker of T2DM risk because it reflects other aspects of obesity that are related to T2DM risk and to PCB-153 clearance. To estimate the amount of residual confounding by other aspects of obesity, we performed a quantitative bias analysis on the results of a specific study. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to predict serum levels of PCB-153 for a simulated population. T2DM status was assigned to simulated subjects based on age, sex, BMI, WC, and visceral adipose tissue mass. The distributions of age, BMI, WC, and T2DM prevalence of the simulated population were tailored to closely match the target population. Analysis of the simulated data showed that a small part of the observed association appeared to be due to residual confounding. For example, the predicted odds ratio of T2DM that would have been obtained had the results been adjusted for visceral adipose tissue mass, for the ≥90th percentile of PCB-153 serum concentration, was 6.60 (95% CI 2.46-17.74), compared with an observed odds ratio of 7.13 (95% CI 2.65-19.13). Our results predict that the association between PCB-153 and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus would not be substantially changed by additional adjustment for visceral adipose tissue mass in epidemiologic analyses. Confirmation of these predictions with longitudinal data would be reassuring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Yoon
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - F Wania
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P L Ward
- Ramboll, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J M Armitage
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S A Wood
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H J Clewell
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Nicholson T, Church C, Tsintzas K, Jones R, Breen L, Davis ET, Baker DJ, Jones SW. Vaspin promotes insulin sensitivity of elderly muscle and is upregulated in obesity. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:JOE-18-0528.R3. [PMID: 30721136 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Adipokines have emerged as central mediators of insulin sensitivity and metabolism, in part due to the known association of obesity with metabolic syndrome disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Recent studies in rodents have identified the novel adipokine vaspin, as playing a protective role in inflammatory metabolic diseases by functioning to promote insulin sensitivity during metabolic stress. However, at present the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue expression of vaspin in humans is poorly characterised. Furthermore, the functional role of vaspin in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity has not been studied. Since skeletal muscle is the major tissue for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake understanding the functional role of vaspin in human muscle insulin signalling is critical in determining its role in glucose homeostasis. The objective of this study was to profile the skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue expression of vaspin in humans of varying adiposity and to determine the functional role of vaspin in mediating insulin signalling and glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle. Our data shows that vaspin is secreted from both human subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and is more highly expressed in obese older individuals compared to lean older individuals. Furthermore, we demonstrate that vaspin induces activation of the PI3K/AKT axis, independent of insulin receptor activation, promotes GLUT4 expression and translocation and sensitises older obese human skeletal muscle to insulin-mediated glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Nicholson
- T Nicholson, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Chris Church
- C Church, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Kostas Tsintzas
- K Tsintzas, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG82AB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Robert Jones
- R Jones, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Leigh Breen
- L Breen, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Edward T Davis
- E Davis, Research and Development, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - David J Baker
- D Baker, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Simon W Jones
- S Jones, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Zhu Y, Hedderson MM, Quesenberry CP, Feng J, Ferrara A. Central Obesity Increases the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Partially Through Increasing Insulin Resistance. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:152-160. [PMID: 30461219 PMCID: PMC6309219 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the associations of central obesity measures, waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC), in early pregnancy with subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and evaluated the potential mediating role of insulin resistance markers. METHODS Within the prospective Pregnancy Environment and Lifestyle Study cohort of 1,750 women, WC and hip circumference were measured at gestational weeks 10 to 13. In a nested case-control study within the cohort, 115 GDM cases and 230 controls had fasting serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and adiponectin measurements at gestational weeks 16 to 19. Poisson and conditional logistic regression models were used, adjusting for established risk factors for GDM, including prepregnancy overweight or obesity. RESULTS For women with WHR < 0.85, one or more established risk factors increased GDM risk 1.99-fold (95% CI: 0.99-4.02). For women with WHR ≥ 0.85 but no established risk factors, GDM risk increased 2.41-fold (95% CI: 1.14-5.06), and in those with established risk factors it increased 6.22-fold (95% CI: 3.49-11.10). Similar but attenuated results were observed for WC ≥ 88 cm. Insulin, HOMA-IR, and adiponectin levels mediated the WHR-GDM association by 9% to 11%; corresponding mediation proportions for the WC-GDM association were 35% to 41% (all P < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Central obesity in early pregnancy represented a high-risk phenotype for GDM independent of other risk factors, including overweight or obesity, and may inform early screening and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, US
| | - Monique M Hedderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, US
| | | | - Juanran Feng
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, US
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, US
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Ribeiro AS, Seixas R, Gálvez JM, Climent V. Cardiovascular risk factors: Is the metabolic syndrome related to aging? Epidemiology in a Portuguese population. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:885-891. [PMID: 29778667 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The primary objective of our study is to determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the population. The secondary objective is to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometric alterations and the prevalence of target organ damage and their relationship with aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample for the study was obtained by means of a consecutive population-based demonstration in 803 adults over 18 years of age belonging to the labor force of the company Grupo Delta SA. The study was carried out according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The individuals included in the study voluntarily participated, once informed of the purpose of the study, giving their prior verbal consent, to the company's human resources department, in the case of Delta Group workers. RESULTS 23.8% of the population has metabolic syndrome more prevalent in males, no smoking, no significant alcohol consumption, sedentary, with a high Body mass index (BMI). Its prevalence increases with age. CONCLUSION We found that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age and is present in people of working age, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, work-related absences, and socio-economic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armindo Sousa Ribeiro
- Unidade Local de Saude do Litoral Alentejano EPE, Medicina Interna, Santiago do Cacm, Portugal; Universidad de Extremadura, Campus Badajoz, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain.
| | - Rui Seixas
- Unidade Local de Saude do Litoral Alentejano EPE, Medicina Interna, Santiago do Cacm, Portugal
| | - Juan Manuel Gálvez
- Unidade Local de Saude do Litoral Alentejano EPE, Medicina Interna, Santiago do Cacm, Portugal; Universidad de Extremadura, Campus Badajoz, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Vicente Climent
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Spain
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Singh RG, Pendharkar SA, Cervantes A, Cho J, Miranda-Soberanis V, Petrov MS. Abdominal obesity and insulin resistance after an episode of acute pancreatitis. Dig Liver Dis 2018; 50:1081-1087. [PMID: 29908753 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that individuals after an episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) are at an increased risk of developing metabolic derangements. While the link between general obesity and insulin resistance (IR) is well established, only a few studies have investigated the association between abdominal obesity and IR. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between abdominal obesity and several indices of IR in individuals after an episode of AP. METHODS Patients were eligible for this cross-sectional study if they were previously admitted with a primary diagnosis of AP based on the recent international guidelines. Fasting venous bloods were collected to measure glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, glycerol, adiponectin (AD), omentin (OM), and vaspin (VAS). The IR indices - HOMA-IR, Adipo-IR, insulin*glycerol (IG) index, HOMA-AD, HOMA-OM, and HOMA-VAS were calculated. Modified Poisson regression was conducted, with statistical model adjusting for patient-, metabolic-, and pancreatitis-related risk factors. Areas under ROC curve were calculated and Bland-Altman plots were created. RESULTS Of the 92 individuals recruited, 41 had abdominal obesity. HOMA-IR, IG index, HOMA-OM, and HOMA-VAS were significantly associated with abdominal obesity, both in unadjusted and adjusted models. Area under ROC curves for HOMA-IR, IG index, HOMA-OM, and HOMA-VAS were 0.698, 0.695, 0.756, and 0.735, respectively. There was a good agreement between observed HOMA-IR values and values obtained from HOMA-OM (P = 0.733) and HOMA-VAS (P = 0.595). CONCLUSION Individuals with abdominal obesity after AP have a significantly higher IR, independent of diabetes and other covariates. Visceral adipose tissue specific adipokines, omentin and vaspin, hold promise for future clinical investigation of tissue-specific IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma G Singh
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Aya Cervantes
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jaelim Cho
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Systemic Inflammation Characterizes Lack of Metabolic Health in Nonobese HIV-Infected Men. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:5327361. [PMID: 30356397 PMCID: PMC6176328 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5327361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing body mass index (BMI) is generally associated with loss of metabolic health, although some obese individuals remain metabolically healthy. Among nonobese men, HIV infection has been associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic health. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 470 HIV-infected and 368 HIV-uninfected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Cardiovascular substudy. Circulating biomarker levels were compared by BMI category and by HIV serostatus. Poisson regression with robust variance determined associations between metabolic health and circulating inflammatory biomarker levels after adjusting for factors previously associated with metabolic health. Results HIV-infected men were younger and less likely to be obese. Among HIV-infected, normal weight metabolically healthy men (compared to unhealthy) had significantly lower circulating levels of interleukin- (IL-) 6, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) I and II, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), higher adiponectin, less visceral fat, and more subcutaneous fat. Among HIV-uninfected normal weight men and obese men (regardless of HIV serostatus), metabolic health was associated only with higher levels of adiponectin, less visceral fat, and lower HOMA-IR values. In multivariate analyses restricted to HIV-infected men, lower hs-CRP, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, and HOMA-IR and higher adiponectin levels were associated with metabolic health. Additional adjustment for visceral adiposity did not alter results. Conclusions Among HIV-infected normal weight men, metabolic health was associated with less systemic inflammation, a relationship that, among normal weight men, was unique to HIV+ men and did not exist among obese men of either HIV serostatus.
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Ponnalagu SD, Bi X, Henry CJ. Is waist circumference more strongly associated with metabolic risk factors than waist-to-height ratio in Asians? Nutrition 2018; 60:30-34. [PMID: 30529184 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Differential distribution of fats can vary among ethnic groups and thus have varying effects on metabolic risk. Measuring metabolic risk of individuals using simple anthropometric measurements is essential to replace current invasive methods of obtaining blood samples. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has been advocated as the best simple anthropometric measurement, but, because of the high visceral fat of Asians, there has been speculation as to the possibility of using only waist circumference (WC) to measure metabolic risk. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of WC and WHtR in terms of their association with measures of obesity and metabolic risk factors (e.g., homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, low-density lipoprotein, triacylglycerol, and ratio of triacylglycerol to high-density lipoprotein) and to obtain an optimal cutoff value for one anthropometric measurement. METHODS The study was performed on healthy Asian Chinese (N = 527) men (n = 209) and women (n = 318) who participated in a cross-sectional study conducted at the Clinical Nutrition Research Centre located in Singapore. Association of WC and WHtR with metabolic risk factors was obtained using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Optimal cutoff value was obtained using receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS WC and WHtR performed equally well in both sexes in terms of their strength of association between metabolic risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that 73.5 cm (in women) and 82.5 cm (in men) were the optimal WC cutoff values to identify insulin resistance. CONCLUSION It is suggested that WC is a simpler anthropometric measurement that has strong association with an individual's metabolic risk level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini D/O Ponnalagu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Xinyan Bi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Fan HY, Huang YT, Hsieh RH, Chao JCJ, Tung YC, Lee YL, Chen YC. Birthweight, time-varying adiposity growth and early menarche in girls: A Mendelian randomisation and mediation analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018; 12:445-451. [PMID: 30082248 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the causal effect of time-varying z-BMI growth on early menarche using Mendelian randomisation (MR); to identify critical adiposity predictors of early menarche; to compare the effects of birthweight and time-varying z-BMI growth as mediators of the path from genes to early menarche using mediation analysis. METHODS We used data from the Taiwan Children Health Study with 21 obesity-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to yield genetic (instrumental variable)IVs for adiposity. Children with available data on genotyping, birthweight, adiposity, and menarcheal age were included. RESULTS In MR analyses, results based on the time-varying z-BMI growth show more statistical power and capture more information of adiposity growth (p=0.01) than those based on single point z-BMI (p=0.02). Among adiposity measures, critical predictors of early menarche are fat free mass (RR=1.33, 95% CI 1.07-1.65) and waist/height ratio (RR=1.27, 95% CI 1.03-1.56). Other potential predictors of early menarche are sum of skinfold (RR=1.24, 95% CI 1.03-1.48) and total body fat (RR=1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.38). In both one-mediation and multi-mediation analyses, time-varying z-BMI growth in the prepubertal years plays a crucial mediator in the pathway from the genes to early menarche. CONCLUSIONS This study discovered that greater prepubertal adiposity growth is a crucial mediator in the path from genes to early menarche. For girls with genes positively associated with obesity; and/or of lower birthweight, a strategy to prevent childhood adiposity should be implemented in order to avoid early menarche development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Yu Fan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Rong-Hong Hsieh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jane C-J Chao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Master Program in Global Health and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Tung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yungling L Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lee A, Kim YJ, Oh SW, Lee CM, Choi HC, Joh HK, Oh B, Hwang SS, Kim SJ, Kwon OD. Cut-Off Values for Visceral Fat Area Identifying Korean Adults at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome. Korean J Fam Med 2018; 39:239-246. [PMID: 29972898 PMCID: PMC6056408 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.17.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cut-off values for visceral fat area (VFA) measured by computed tomography (CT) for identifying individuals at risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have not been clearly established in Korean adults, particularly for large populations. We aimed to identify optimal VFA and waist circumference (WC) cut-off values and compare the ability of VFA and WC to predict the presence of ≥2 metabolic risk factors. Methods We included 36,783 subjects aged 19–79 years undergoing abdominal fat CT during regular health checkups between January 2007 and February 2015 in Seoul. The risk factors for MetS except WC were based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to determine the appropriate VFA and WC cut-off values for MetS. Results VFA was a more significant predictor of metabolic risk factors than WC and body mass index (BMI). The optimal cut-off values for VFA and WC were 134.6 cm2 and 88 cm for men and 91.1 cm2 and 81 cm for women, respectively. We estimated age-specific cut-off values for VFA, WC, and BMI. VFA cut-off values increased with age, particularly among women. Conclusion This large population study proposed the cut-off values for VFA and WC for identifying subjects at risk of MetS among Korean adults. For more accurate diagnosis, different age-specific cut-off values for VFA and WC may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arang Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Ji Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Won Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Chun Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Joh
- Seoul National University Health Service Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bumjo Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Hwang
- Department of Public Health Science, Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Jae Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oh Deog Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Effects of Garlic Pill on Blood Glucose Level in Borderline Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.60675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dash DK, Choudhury AK, Singh M, Mangaraj S, Mohanty BK, Baliarsinha AK. Effect of parental history of diabetes on markers of inflammation, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in first degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:285-289. [PMID: 29275995 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE To study the effect of parental history of diabetes on markers of inflammation, insulin resistance, adiposity indices and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in first degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Normal glucose tolerant (NGT) first degree relatives of T2DM patients of age group 20-40 years designated as FHpositive were enrolled in the cross sectional study. Depending on the parental history of diabetes they were divided into three groups: family history positive in father (FHfather), family history positive in mother (FHmother) and family history positive in both (FHboth). Age, sex and BMI matched controls without any history of diabetes in their parents designated as FHnegative were taken for comparison. All subjects underwent detailed clinical evaluation and biochemical investigations. cIMT and adiposity indices like visceral adipose tissue thickness (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SAT) were assessed using ultrasonography. RESULTS No difference existed with regards to BMI, hsCRP, degree of insulin resistance, adiposity markers and cIMT between FHmother and FHfather group. Subjects in FHboth group had significantly higher degree of insulin resistance, subclinical inflammation, increased atherosclerosis and adiposity indices in contrast to those who have a single parent T2DM family history. CONCLUSIONS hsCRP and cIMT are significantly higher in the first degree relatives of type2 diabetes mellitus patients than controls. Individuals with history of T2DM in both parents have significantly worse glycemic status, increased cIMT and adverse cardiovascular risk profile than those with T2DM history in only single parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Dash
- Department of Endocrinology, S.C.B Medical College Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India
| | - Arun Kumar Choudhury
- Department of Endocrinology, S.C.B Medical College Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India.
| | - Mamta Singh
- Department of Radiology, S.C.B Medical College Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India
| | - Swayamsidha Mangaraj
- Department of Endocrinology, S.C.B Medical College Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India
| | - Binoy Kumar Mohanty
- Department of Endocrinology, M.K.C.G Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, 760004, India
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