• diaphragmatic hernia
• feline
• gastroesophageal reflux
• oesophageal stricture
• pleuroperitoneal hernia

• Male
• Cats
• Animals
• Esophageal Stenosis/diagnostic imaging
• Esophageal Stenosis/etiology
• Esophageal Stenosis/veterinary
• Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/veterinary
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed
• Thorax
• Cat Diseases/diagnostic imaging
• Cat Diseases/etiology

• 2022R1A4A1025557 Basic Research Lab Program, Ministry of Science and ICT

• GI inflammation
• diagnosis
• endoscopy
• eosinophilic esophagitis
• esophagus
• treatment

• 503/1-002-01/503-11-001-19-00 Medical University of Lodz

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Learning Point #1: Small ulcers on esophagography are usually attributable to herpes esophagitis and drug-induced esophagitis. Although rare, Crohn’s disease may produce small apthoid ulcers. Large ulcers are usually attributable to CMV or HIV esophagitis.

Esophageal pathologies encountered on fluoroscopic examination may pose a diagnostic challenge to the interpreting Radiologist. Understanding the varied imaging appearances of esophageal pathology requires a thorough understanding of barium esophagography. This article reviews the various fluoroscopic imaging findings of different esophageal pathologies by describing an approach to image interpretation centered on dots, lines, contours, and ends. By utilizing this approach, the Radiologist will be better positioned to reconcile seemingly disparate pathologies into a cogent and succinct differential diagnosis.

• Fluoroscopy
• Oesophageal patterns
• Oesophaghus
• Oesophagram

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a digestive disorder in children and adults that is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration in the stomach and intestine. The underlying molecular mechanisms predisposing to this disease are unknown, but it seems that hypersensitivity response plays a major role in its pathogenesis, as many patients have a history of seasonal allergies, food sensitivities, asthma, and eczema. Symptoms and clinical presentations vary, depending on the site and layer of the gastrointestinal wall infiltrated by eosinophils. Laboratory results, radiological findings, and endoscopy can provide important diagnostic evidence for EGE; however, the cornerstone of the diagnosis remains the histological examination of gastric and duodenal specimens for evidence of eosinophilic infiltration (>20 eosinophils per high-power field), and finally clinicians make the diagnosis in correlation with and by exclusion of other disorders associated with eosinophilic infiltration. Although spontaneous remission is reported in around 30%–40% of EGE cases, most patients require ongoing treatment. The management options for this disorder include both dietary and pharmacological approaches, with corticosteroids being the mainstay of therapy and highly effective. The subsequent course is quite variable. Some patients have no recurrences, while a few experience recurrent symptoms during or immediately after corticosteroid interruption. An alternative therapeutic armamentarium includes mast-cell stabilizers, leukotriene antagonists, antihistamines, immunomodulators, and biological agents. In this review, we provide a summary of the different diagnostic tools utilized in practice, as well as the different therapeutic approaches available for EGE management.

• abdominal pain
• eosinophilic gastroenteritis
• eosinophils
• steroids

• Barium esophagography
• Barrett’s esophagus
• Esophagram
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Peptic stricture
• Reflux esophagitis

• Barium Sulfate
• Contrast Media
• Diagnosis, Differential
• Esophageal Diseases/diagnostic imaging
• Fluoroscopy
• Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnostic imaging
• Humans

• Cat
• Esophageal metaplasia
• Esophagitis
• Oral mucosa inflammation

• Animals
• Biopsy/veterinary
• Case-Control Studies
• Cat Diseases/physiopathology
• Cats
• Esophagitis/physiopathology
• Esophagitis/veterinary
• Female
• Gingivitis/physiopathology
• Gingivitis/veterinary
• Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
• Male
• Prospective Studies
• Saliva/chemistry
• Stomatitis/physiopathology
• Stomatitis/veterinary

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders are a rare and complex group of disorders that are characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients often present with a wide range of signs and symptoms as any length or layer of the GI tract can be involved such as mucosal, muscular, or serosal. As a part of the workup, patients frequently undergo computed tomography scans and multiple endoscopies before the diagnosis is finally made as was true in our case of a 59-year-old male patient presenting with 2 months of nausea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. He underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopies, colonoscopies, video capsule study, and balloon enteroscopy before the diagnosis was confirmed histologically. Endoscopic and radiographic findings can be variable and are usually unpredictable. The diagnosis is confirmed on histopathological examination of biopsies that must show >15-50 eosinophils/high-power field based on the location in the GI tract. In our patient, erythema, scalloping, whitish exudate, and patches of villous blunting were noted in the duodenum to proximal ileum endoscopically with >50 eosinophils/high-power field confirming the diagnosis of eosinophilic enteritis. This class of diseases is often found in patients with a history of allergic disorders suggestive of hypersensitivity in the etiology of the disease although our patient had no such known history. Elimination diets and steroids are the mainstay of therapy and often lead to complete resolution of symptoms as well as endoscopic and radiographic findings in up to 90% of patients as was seen in our patient, although some patients have a chronic remitting course.

• abdominal pain
• endoscopy
• eosinophilia
• pathology
• small bowel

• Barium swallow
• Esophageal disease
• Esophagography
• Esophagram
• Pattern approach

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Contrast Media/administration & dosage
• Female
• Humans
• Liver/diagnostic imaging
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Prospective Studies
• Ultrasonography/methods

• Bronchial reacutization
• bronchoscopy
• gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
• pepsin

• Barium
• Contrast Media
• Esophagitis/diagnostic imaging
• Esophagus/diagnostic imaging
• Humans
• Mucous Membrane/diagnostic imaging
• Radiography

• Barium esophagogram
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Post-fundoplication barium appearance

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a rare disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the bowel wall with various gastrointestinal manifestations. Till date only 280 cases have been described in the literature. A high index of suspicion, by excluding other causes of peripheral eosinophilia, is a pre requisite for accurate diagnosis. EGE is an uncommon gastrointestinal disease affecting both children and adults. It was first described by Kaijser in 1937. Presentation may vary depending on location as well as depth and extent of bowel wall involvement and usually runs a chronic relapsing course. This condition can respond to low dose steroid therapy, thereby preventing grave complications like ascites and intestinal obstruction that might need surgical intervention. The natural history of EGE has not been well documented. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a chronic, waxing and waning condition. Mild and sporadic symptoms can be managed with reassurance and observation, whereas disabling gastrointestinal (GI) symptom flare-ups can often be controlled with oral corticosteroids. When the disease manifests in infancy and specific food sensitization can be identified, the likelihood of disease remission by late childhood is high. GI obstruction is the most common complication. Fatal outcomes are rare.

• Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
• Unusual type
• Review of literature

• Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage
• Age Factors
• Digestive System Surgical Procedures
• Enteritis/diagnosis
• Enteritis/epidemiology
• Enteritis/therapy
• Eosinophilia/diagnosis
• Eosinophilia/epidemiology
• Eosinophilia/therapy
• Gastritis/diagnosis
• Gastritis/epidemiology
• Gastritis/therapy
• Gastrointestinal Agents/administration & dosage
• Humans
• Remission Induction
• Risk Factors
• Treatment Outcome