• Intraperitoneal delivery
• Intratumoral penetration
• Lymphatic drainage system
• Peritoneal carcinomatosis
• Peritoneal retention
• Targeting

• Humans
• Animals
• Nanoparticles/chemistry
• Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
• Abdominal Cavity
• Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
• Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
• Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
• Drug Delivery Systems
• Peritoneal Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary
• Drug Carriers/chemistry
• Particle Size

• Immune system
• Lymphatic vessel obstruction
• Malignant ascites
• Treatment options
• Treatment prospects
• VEGF

• Gastric cancer
• Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)
• Malignant ascites
• Peritoneal metastasis
• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

• Humans
• Animals
• Mice
• Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary
• Ascites/pathology
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Adenocarcinoma

• 24234 The Cancer Research Society
• 24381 The Cancer Research Society
• 25320 The Cancer Research Society
• CA200572 DOD Peer Reviewed Cancer Research Program

• ADAM10
• ADAM17
• biomarkers
• cardiovascular diseases
• colorectal cancer
• diabetes mellitus type 2
• inflammation
• metabolic disorders

Malignant ascites (MA) is caused by intraperitoneal spread of solid tumor cells and results in a poor quality of life. Chemotherapy is a common first-line treatment for patients with MA. Taxotere ^® (DTX) is widely used in solid tumor therapies. However, the low water solubility and side effects caused by additives in the formulation restrict the clinical application of docetaxel. HT001 is a clinical stage docetaxel micelle developed to overcome the solubility issue with improved safety profiles. To support clinical development and expand clinical application of HT001, this study used in vitro and in vivo approaches to investigate the anti-tumor effects of HT001 when applied as monotherapy or in combination with anti-angiogenic agents. HT001 demonstrated comparable anti-proliferative activities as docetaxel in a broad range of cancer cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, HT001 suppressed tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner in A549, MCF-7, and SKOV-3 xenograft tumor mouse models in vivo. In a hepatocellular carcinoma H22 malignant ascites-bearing mouse model, HT001 presented a dose-dependent inhibition of ascites production, prolonged animal survival, and reduced VEGF levels. When dosed at 20 mg/kg, the HT001-treated group exhibited curative results, with no ascites formation in 80% of mice at the end of the study while all the mice in the vehicle control group succumbed. Similar results were obtained in HT001 treatment of mice bearing malignant ascites produced by human ovarian cancer ES-2 cells. Notably, the combination of HT001 with Endostar not only significantly reduced ascites production but also prolonged survival of H22 ascites-bearing mice. HT001 showed similar PK and tissue distribution profiles as DTX in non-rodent hosts. Collectively, these results demonstrate potent anti-tumor activity of HT001 in multiple solid tumor models or malignant ascites models, and reveal synergistic effects with anti-angiogenic agents, supporting the clinical development and clinical expansion plans for HT001.

• colon cancer
• cytokine
• herpes simplex virus type 2
• malignant ascites

• STAT3
• ascites
• molecular stratification
• oncogene addiction
• paracrine
• peritoneal metastasis
• plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
• prognostic biomarkers
• targeted therapy
• tumor microenvironment

• Animals
• Ascites
• Disease Models, Animal
• Humans
• Ligands
• Mice
• Peritoneal Neoplasms
• Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/genetics
• Prospective Studies

A trial with trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) versus placebo in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic gastric cancer showed that FTD/TPI is effective with manageable toxicity in these patients. However, real-world data on the effects of FTD/TPI in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) are limited.

We retrospectively collected and analyzed the clinicopathological data of patients with AGC who received FTD/TPI monotherapy at our institutions (Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Himeji Red Cross Hospital, and Kansai Medical University Hospital) between September 2019 and July 2021. Tumor responses were evaluated based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

A total of 53 patients were included in the study. The median age was 70 (range, 37-85) years; 39 patients (74%) were men; the numbers of patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status scores of 0, 1, and 2 were 10 (19%), 39 (74%), and 4 (8%), respectively; and 27 patients (51%) had diffuse-type histology. A total of 29 patients (56%) had ascites. Prior nivolumab therapy was administered to 49 patients (92%). The response rate and disease control rate (DCR) were 2% and 35%, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 2.4 months, and OS was 5.8 months. Patients with ascites exhibited significantly shorter OS (8.6 vs 4.7 months, P = .0291) than those without ascites, and DCR (54% vs 18%, P = .0055) was significantly worse in patients with ascites. There was no significant difference in the frequency of adverse events of grade 3 or higher between patients with and without ascites.

In a real-world setting, FTD/TPI has similar effectiveness as late-line chemotherapy for patients with AGC, including those who previously had received nivolumab.

• Cancer immunotherapy
• Cell Biology
• Macrophages
• Obstetrics/gynecology
• Vascular Biology

• angiogenesis
• colorectal cancer
• gastric cancer
• gastrointestinal
• hepatocellular carcinoma
• ramucirumab

Patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei that are not cured by the standard treatment (cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy) have no efficacious treatment options. Drugs that inhibit formation of new vessels (anti-angiogenic drugs) could be a therapeutic option for these patients. Using patient samples and animal models we show that angiogenesis is important in pseudomyxoma peritonei and that anti-angiogenic drugs may indeed have an effect. Our results support continued efforts to determine the role of anti-angiogenic treatment in pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare, slow-growing cancer characterized by progressive accumulation of intraperitoneal mucinous tumor deposits. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) cures approximately 50% of patients, but in unresectable and recurrent cases, treatment options are limited. Anti-angiogenic treatment is being explored as a potential therapeutic option. Using PMP patient samples, microvessel densities (immunostaining for CD31 and CD105) and pro-angiogenic factors were analyzed, and the proliferative response upon incubation with human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) was determined. Growth inhibition by anti-angiogenic drugs was analyzed in patient-derived xenograft models of PMP. PMP tumor tissues were found to be highly vascularized and contained key pro-angiogenic factors, in particular related to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, but interestingly, high levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 were also detected. HUVEC proliferation was stimulated upon incubation with fresh tumor samples and the observed proliferation could be inhibited by VEGF pathway inhibitor bevacizumab. In xenograft models the two VEGF pathway inhibitors, bevacizumab and aflibercept, inhibited tumor growth. This work reemphasizes the importance of angiogenesis as a major driver in PMP and strengthens the preclinical rationale for continued exploration of angiogenesis inhibition in the hope of providing novel treatment to a group of patients that have few other treatment options.

• angiogenesis
• in vivo
• peritoneal carcinomatosis
• peritoneal metastases
• pseudomyxoma peritonei

Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and other immune cells have been reported as a prognostic factor in several tumors, including gastric cancer, and they play an important role in antitumor effect at the primary site. There were few reports on the immune status in peritoneal metastatic lesions for gastric cancer.

The aims of this study were to assess the prognostic significance of TILs (CD4, CD8, CD19, regulatory T cells [Tregs]), and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in peritoneal metastatic lesions.

We retrospectively investigated 60 patients for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis who were treated between 2009 and 2016 in our institute. Immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, CD19, FOXP3, and CD33 was performed in the peritoneal metastatic lesions. The absolute numbers of immune cells and ratios were evaluated, and the relationship between immune‐related marker and overall survival (OS) was investigated.

A high infiltration of CD8⁺ lymphocytes or high CD8/CD33 ratio was a better prognosis for OS in univariate analysis using all immunologic variables (P = .012, P = .001). In multivariate analysis for clinical and immunologic variables, high CD8/CD33 ratio was identified as an independent prognostic factor for OS (Hazard ratio: 0.291, 95% confidence interval: 0.126‐0.670, P = .004).

High CD8/CD33 ratio and high infiltration of CD8⁺ lymphocytes in peritoneal metastatic lesions were favorable prognoses for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis. It is necessary to modify the immune microenvironment result to increase the level of CD8⁺ lymphocytes in the peritoneal metastatic lesions.

• CD8+ lymphocytes
• MDSCs
• TILs
• gastric cancer
• peritoneal metastasis

• Bevacizumab
• cancer
• dose-limiting toxicity
• intraperitoneal treatment
• malignant ascites
• maximum tolerate dose
• phase I study
• vascular endothelial growth factor

• epithelial-mesenchymal transition
• extravasated platelet aggregation
• gastric cancer
• myeloid-derived suppressor cell
• peritoneal metastasis

Recent evidence indicates that malignant ascites may be associated with the high malignancy and poor prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) with peritoneal metastasis (PM), but no robust consensus has been reached until now.

To evaluate the prognostic significance of malignant ascites in GC patients with PM.

Two independent authors conducted database searches. The searches were performed in the EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases, and the terms used to search included stomach neoplasms, GC, ascites, peritoneal effusion, survival, and survival analysis. Outcomes included overall survival and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Three pairs of comparisons for measuring survival were made: (1) Patients with ascites vs those without ascites; (2) Patients with massive ascites vs those with mild to moderate ascites; and (3) Patients with massive ascites vs those with no to moderate ascites.

Fourteen articles including fifteen studies were considered in the final analysis. Among them, nine studies assessed the difference in prognosis between patients with and without malignant ascites. A pooled HR of 1.63 (95%CI: 1.47-1.82, P < 0.00001) indicated that GC patients with malignant ascites had a relatively poor prognosis compared to patients without ascites. We also found that the prognosis of GC patients with malignant ascites was related to the volume of ascites in the six other studies.

GC patients with malignant ascites tend to have a worse prognosis, and the volume of ascites has an impact on GC outcomes.

• Stomach neoplasms
• Peritoneal metastasis
• Ascites
• Prognosis
• Meta-analysis

Bevacizumab improves symptoms via reducing the peritumoral edema and/or normalizing blood brain barrier, and occasionally via reducing the tumor size. However, the effect against active cystic components has not been documented yet.

Between 2008 and 2018, 139 patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors were treated with bevacizumab (BEV) in our institution. The images and symptoms before and after administration of BEV were examined, and changes in size of cysts were evaluated as follows: CR (complete disappearance), PR (reduction by ≥50%), MR (reduction by ≥25%), SD (size change <25%), PD (increase by ≥25%). The effect of BEV on tumor itself was determined according to Response Assessment in Neuro‐Oncology criteria.

Of the 139 patients, 21 (15.1%) had cystic components. The best responses of cysts to BEV treatment were as follows: CR 6, PR 7, MR 4, SD 4. The group of patients with progressively increasing cysts prior to BEV treatment had significant cyst size reduction compared to stable cyst size groups, at initial imaging after BEV (mean 62.6% vs 22.5%, P = .0055) and at best response timing (mean 76.3% vs 32.8%, P = .0050). Patients with cysts showed significant improvement in symptoms after the treatment with BEV compared to patients without cysts (P = .0033). However, response rate was not different between patients with or without cysts. Overall survival after starting BEV was not different between glioblastoma patients with or without cysts.

Bevacizumab is effective against progressively increasing cysts. Although cysts reduction effect and tumor response and/or overall survival are independent, BEV may be effective in patients who are symptomatic due to cyst enlargement.

• bevacizumab
• cyst
• glioblastoma
• metastatic brain tumor
• primary brain tumor

• gastric cancer
• resistance
• targeted therapy

Despite recent advances in chemotherapy, outcomes of patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) from gastric cancer are still very poor and standard treatment has not been established. Although oral S‐1 appears to be effective for patients with PM, the effects of systemic chemotherapy are limited. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) yield fewer benefits in patients with PM from gastric cancer than in patients with PM from other malignancies. In comparison, repeated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (RIPEC) with taxanes using an implantable peritoneal access port has a pharmacokinetic advantage for the control of peritoneal lesions and in combination with systemic chemotherapy can result in surprisingly long‐term survival in patients with PM from gastric cancer. Herein, we review the results of recent clinical studies specifically targeting PM from gastric cancer and discuss future prospects for an intraperitoneal approach to the ideal treatment of patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal involvement.

• HIPEC
• gastric cancer
• intraperitoneal chemotherapy
• peritoneal metastasis

• Ascites
• Gastric cancer
• Paclitaxel
• Progression-free survival
• Ramucirumab

• Adult
• Aged
• Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
• Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
• Ascites/pathology
• Disease-Free Survival
• Female
• Humans
• Kaplan-Meier Estimate
• Male
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
• Neoplasm Staging
• Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
• Paclitaxel/adverse effects
• Retrospective Studies
• Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
• Ramucirumab

To identify independent prognostic factors to be included in a nomogram to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination.

This is a retrospective study on 684 patients with a histological diagnosis of gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination from the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center as the development set, and 62 gastric cancer patients from the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University as the validation group. Chi-square test and Cox regression analysis were used to compare the clinicopathological variables and the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination. The Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve were determined for comparisons of predictive ability of the nomogram.

Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (P=0.032), ascites grading (P=0.008), presence of extraperitoneal metastasis (P<0.001), seeding status (P=0.016) and performance status (P=0.009) were independent prognostic factors for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination in the development set. The nomogram model was constructed using these five factors. Internal validation showed that the C-index of the model was 0.641. For the external validation, the C-index of this model was 0.709.

We developed and validated a nomogram to predict the prognosis for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination. This nomogram may play an important clinical role in guiding palliative therapy for these types of patients, although it may need more data for optimization.

• Gastric cancer
• nomogram
• peritoneal dissemination
• prognosis

The study aims to evaluate serum VEGF expression in gastric cancer patients and investigate its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. We also examined the serum VEGF levels in GC patients having received surgery or chemotherapy treatment to assess its predictive and prognostic value as a biomarker. We enrolled 154 GC patients having not received neoadjuvant treatment and 100 healthy controls. In the treatment groups, 13 surgery patients and 15 chemotherapy patients were investigated. 42 chemotherapy patients with different chemotherapy efficacy were recruited as well. The serum VEGF was examined by ELISA. Serum VEGF level was remarkably upregulated in GC group compared with healthy group (p < 0.001). The serum VEGF level of GC group was significantly correlated with tumor cells differentiation degree, clinical stages, tumor infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis, and tumor size. The serum VEGF level of the 1 to 3 days after operation group was much lower than that of the preoperative group (p < 0.001) and the 7 days after operation group (p < 0.001). By contrast, serum VEGF level was decreased significantly after chemotherapy (p = 0.001). Importantly, serum VEGF level in PD+SD group was significantly higher compared to the PR+CR group (p = 0.011). Therefore, serum VEGF was a valuable biomarker in clinically monitoring the condition of GC patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided continuous hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy (CHIPC) for the treatment of malignant ascites (MA).

Between July 2011 and June 2013, 36 MA patients were prospectively and consecutively hospitalized for three cycles of elective CHIPC under ultrasound guidance, maintained at a constant flow rate of 400–600 mL/min normal saline containing 5-fluorouracil plus mitomycin or carboplatin and at a constant temperature of 43°C±0.2°C, for 90 minutes. Main outcome measures were ascites resolution, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and serum tumor biomarkers at 2 weeks after the last cycle of CHIPC. All the patients underwent uneventful CHIPC as scheduled, and vital signs remained stable over CHIPC.

At 2 weeks after the last cycle of CHIPC, MA completely and partially resolved in 26 (72.2%) patients and eight (22.2%) patients, respectively; mean KPS score increased from pretreatment 61±9 to posttreatment 76±9 (P<0.001), and serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigens 12-5 and 19-9 significantly decreased (all P<0.01).

The current study indicated that ultrasound-guided CHIPC is an effective and safe palliative treatment modality for MA with respect to MA resolution, patient’s general well-being, and systemic disease control. The long-term benefit of CHIPC on overall survival remains to be investigated in MA patients.

• continuous hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy
• malignant ascites
• peritoneal carcinomatosis
• safety profile
• ultrasound guidance

• Amphiregulin
• Gastric cancer
• Macrophage
• Peritoneal dissemination
• Tumor-associated macrophage

Fei-Liu-Ping (FLP) ointment is an oral prescription medication that has been widely applied to treat lung cancer patients in China. Regulation of the metastatic microenvironment is an important therapeutic approach for prevention and treatment of tumor recurrence and metastasis. The advantage of Traditional Chinese Medicine management of lung cancer lies in the prevention of recurrence and metastasis. Our previous study has demonstrated that FLP ointment could regulate lung inflammatory microenvironment in vitro. However, the effects of FLP on the tumor microenvironment in vivo are still poorly understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of FLP alone or in combination with celecoxib in the prevention of lung cancer progression by Cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 mediated tumor inflammatory microenvironment in vivo.

120 Lewis lung carcinoma xenograft mice were divided equally into four groups: vehicle, FLP, celecoxib, and FLP plus celecoxib. The dynamic growth of the xenografted tumors was observed using an in vivo fluorescence imaging system. Mice were sacrificed on day 14, day 21, and day 28, and tumor specimens and lung tissues were harvested to detect the metastasis-associated protein expression.

Tumor inhibition rate was 15.4, 44.2, 47.4 % at day 14, 37.3, 34.7, 61.5 % at day 21, and 15.5, 10.3, 32.5 % at day 28 after treatment of FLP, celecoxib, and FLP plus celecoxib, respectively. Upon treatment of FLP and celecoxib together, lung metastasis rate was 30 % (8 metastatic nodules) lower than other groups. FLP inhibited Cox-2 expression in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, FLP inhibited N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, and Vimentin expression. Treatment of FLP in combination with celecoxib was more effective than FLP or celecoxib alone in inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor receptors β, microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and Vimentin expression, but increased E-cadherin expression.

FLP inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in a Lewis lung xenograft mice model through the Cox-2 pathway. FLP in combination with celecoxib enhanced the antitumor growth and anti-metastasis effects. Traditional Chinese herbs combined with anti-inflammatory drugs might offer a promising strategy to prevent tumor metastasis.

As the main reason of death in patients with gastric cancer, peritoneal metastasis is still a major problem to be solved. As we all know, peritoneal metastasis is the main form of advanced gastric cancer and gastric cancer recurrence, which involves a complex, multi-stage, multifactorial pathological process. The diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer are particularly difficult. The good news is that through active exploration and clinical research, several important achievements have been made and gradually bring the gospel to clinical patients. This paper will review the recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer.

• Gastric cancer
• Peritoneal metastasis
• Laparoscopic staging
• Bi-chemotherapy
• Cytoreductive surgery

• bone marrow
• diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
• platelet count
• vascular endothelial growth factor

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and presents a very high mortality. The main reason for this situation is metastasis after curative resection, with the most common type being peritoneal metastasis, which accounts for more than 50% of all cases. Once peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) happens, the pathological stage is stage IV and there is a grim prognosis. Accordingly, early effective prevention and treatment of PC have extremely important clinical significance for the improvement of the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. This article describes the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis using serum biomarkers and image examinations, as well as multimodality treatment of peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer by neoadjuvant intraperitoneal-systemic chemotherapy (NIPS), cytoreductive surgery+hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS+HIPEC), early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC), extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage (EIPL), molecular targeting therapy, and usage of drug delivery systems.

• Gastric cancer
• Peritoneal metastasis
• Intraperitoneal chemotherapy

Malignant ascites is one of the common complication at the late stage of abdominal cancers, which may deteriorate the environment of abdominal cavity and lead to potential damage of functional cells. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are mesoderm-derived mesenchymal cells that function normal gastrointestinal motility. The pathological changes of ICCs or the reduced number may lead to the motility disorders of gastrointestinal tract. In this study, through analysis of malignant ascites which were obtained from cancer patients, we found that inflammatory cells, including tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, accounted for 17.26 ± 1.31% and tumour-associated macrophages, occupied 19.06 ± 2.27% of total cells in the ascites, suggesting these inflammatory cells, in addition to tumour cells, may exert important influence on the tumour environment of abdominal cavity. We further demonstrated that the number of mice ICCs were significant decreased, as well as morphological and functional damage when ICCs were in the simulated tumour microenvironment in vitro. Additionally, we illustrated intestinal myoelectrical activity reduced and irregular with morphological changes of ICCs using the mice model of malignant ascites. In conclusion, our data suggested that inflammatory cells in malignant ascites may damage ICCs of the small intestine and lead to intestinal motility disorders.

• inflammatory cells
• interstitial cell of Cajal
• malignant ascites
• tumour microenvironment
• tumour-associated macrophage
• tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte

AIM: To assess the clinical effects of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the treatment of gastric cancer with malignant ascites.

METHODS: Seventy patients with gastric cancer with malignant ascites were randomly divided into either a study group or a control group. The study group was treated by HIPEC combined with thermal therapy, and the control group was treated by non-hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion chemotherapy. The clinical effects, Kamofsky score and adverse reactions were compared for the two groups. The temperature and vital signs at different points of HIPEC were recorded.

RESULTS: The total effective rate was significantly higher in the experiment group than in the control group (77.14% vs 37.14%, P < 0.05). Posttreatment Kamofsky scores for the two groups were significantly higher than prior-treatment values (77.92 ± 6.83 vs 54.44 ± 5.47, 62.08 ± 6.17 vs 53.89 ± 5.56, P < 0.05). Posttreatment Kamofsky score was significantly higher in the experiment group than in the control group (77.92 ± 6.83 vs 62.08 ± 6.17, P < 0.05). There were no significant difference in the shell temperature, tympanic temperature, rectal temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, breath, or oxyhemoglobin saturation for the experiment group at different time points (36.18 ℃ ± 0.42 ℃ vs 36.42 ℃ ± 0.27 ℃ vs 37.13 ℃ ± 1.72 ℃, 35.66 ℃ ± 0.23 ℃ vs 35.94 ℃ ± 0.37 ℃ vs 36.60 ℃ ± 0.22 ℃, 36.34 ℃ ± 0.12 ℃ vs 36.64 ℃ ± 0.27 ℃ vs 37.10 ℃ ± 0.30 ℃, 117 mmHg ± 6.2 mmHg vs 116 mmHg ± 6.5 mmHg vs 116 mmHg ± 6.4 mmHg, 62 mmHg ± 4.9 mmHg vs 69 mmHg ± 6.8 mmHg vs 72 mmHg ± 5.3 mmHg, 68/min ± 4.3/min vs 72/min ± 5.3/min vs 73/min ± 4.5/min, 14/min ± 2.5/min vs 13/min ± 1.8/min vs 14/min ± 1.7/min, 98% ± 1.8% vs 97% ± 0.9% vs 98% ± 1.3%, P > 0.05). The rate of fatty scleroma for the experiment group was significantly higher than that for the control group (14.29% vs 0.00%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: HIPEC can improve Kamofsky score and has high safety in patients with gastric cancer with malignant ascites.

• Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
• Gastric cancer
• Malignant ascites
• Clinical effects