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Pouriamehr S, Dabidi Roshan V, Shirani F. Does long-term exposure to air pollution suppress parasympathetic reactivation after incremental exercise among healthy males and females? Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:14-23. [PMID: 36416472 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2149905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As consequences of industrial processes, air pollution has led to increased cardiovascular diseases resulting in mortality. However, there are few pieces of evidence expressing physical fitness and gender impacts in such environments. Regarding long-term exposure to air pollution, this study aimed to determine the effect of physical fitness on post-exercise cardiac parasympathetic reactivation among healthy males and females. METHODS 120 individuals (46 ± 5 years) participated and were categorized into two main groups (n = 60; EG, CG); (1) The experimental group included individuals living in an air-polluted environment; (2) The control group included the citizens of a clean air region; and two physical fitness status subgroups (n = 30; active vs. sedentary) across both sexes. The heart rate (HR) changes at different timing after performing an incremental exercise, and T30 were calculated as metrics of cardiac parasympathetic reactivation. RESULTS The heart rate recovery values were substantially lower in EG in comparison to CG (p < 0.001) at different timing, while, T30 was significantly greater in residents of the air-polluted city compared to CG (p < 0.001). As for heart rate recovery at the 5th minute, the values were significantly lower in the steady-female group in comparison to the active females living in the air-polluted city (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Based on our findings, although physical fitness modifies the adverse impacts of long-term exposure to air pollution on post-exercise cardio-parasympathetic reactivation, it appears to parallel the acute/intermediate recovery of the thermoregulatory and vascular systems, among both sexes, it does not prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pouriamehr
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Valiollah Dabidi Roshan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.,Athletic Performance and Health Research Center, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Farimah Shirani
- Ph.D. Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Effects of Long-Term Regular Continuous and Intermittent Walking on Oxidative Stress, Metabolic Profile, Heart Rate Variability, and Blood Pressure in Older Adults with Hypertension. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:5942947. [PMID: 35140794 PMCID: PMC8820939 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5942947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is documented that regular exercise is beneficial for improving the antioxidant system, metabolic system, cardiac autonomic function, and blood pressure in those with hypertension. In this regard, low-intensity exercise is recommended for older adults, particularly those with chronic diseases. This study aimed to compare the effects of long-term regular continuous walking with intermittent walking on oxidative stress, metabolic profile, heart rate variability, and blood pressure in older adults with hypertension. Forty-three participants with hypertension aged 60–80 years were randomly divided into the continuous or intermittent walking (CON or INT) groups. Participants in the CON group walked for 30 min, 3 days/week for 12 weeks. Participants in the INT group split 30 min walking into 3 identical sessions punctuated by a 1 min rest after each session, 3 days/week for 12 weeks. Antioxidant and oxidative stress markers, metabolic markers, heart rate variability, and blood pressure were evaluated before and after the exercise program. Glutathione (GSH), GSH to GSH disulfide (GSSG) ratio, and total GSH increased significantly, and GSSG and malondialdehyde decreased significantly in both groups (
) without significant differences between groups. Triglycerides, ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and atherosclerogenic index were significantly lower in the CON group than those in the INT group (
). The standard deviation of the NN intervals and root mean square of the successive differences were significantly higher, and low-frequency power was significantly lower in the INT group than that in the CON group (
). No significant changes in blood pressure were noted in both groups, and nor were there any significant differences between groups. Long-term regular continuous and intermittent walking may comparably increase antioxidants, reduce oxidative stress, and be beneficial for improving important blood pressure-related outcomes, including metabolic profile or cardiac autonomic function in older adults with hypertension.
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El-Eshmawy MM, Gad DF, El-Baiomy AA. Elevated Serum Levels of Ischemia Modified Albumin and Malondialdehyde are Related to Atherogenic Index of Plasma in a Cohort of Prediabetes. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:1347-1354. [PMID: 32359342 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200503052226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediabetes, defined as impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose, is a risk factor for future type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. High serum levels of ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative stress markers were determined in diabetes, however, no studies have investigated these markers together in prediabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the circulating levels of both IMA and MDA in a cohort of prediabetic adults. The possible associations between both markers and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were also evaluated. METHODS This study enrolled 100 adults with prediabetes and 50 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Anthropometric measurements, fasting and 2-hour post load glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c), lipids profile, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), AIP, IMA and MDA were assessed. RESULTS IMA, MDA, hs-CRP and AIP were significantly higher in adults with prediabetes than in healthy controls. Male gender, fasting and post load glucose, A1c, fasting insulin, TGs, HDL-C, hs- CRP, AIP and MDA were independent predictor variables of IMA, whereas male gender, WC, fasting and post load glucose, A1c, fasting insulin, TC, TGs, LDL-C, HDL-C, hs-CRP and AIP were independent predictor variables of MDA. CONCLUSION The elevation of IMA concomitantly with MDA reflecting the antioxidant status in prediabetes, and their associations with hs-CRP and AIP should reinforce the idea of screening and treatment of prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat M El-Eshmawy
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Specialized Medical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Doaa F Gad
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Specialized Medical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azza A El-Baiomy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Utzschneider KM, Johnson TN, Breymeyer KL, Bettcher L, Raftery D, Newton KM, Neuhouser ML. Small changes in glucose variability induced by low and high glycemic index diets are not associated with changes in β-cell function in adults with pre-diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107586. [PMID: 32546421 PMCID: PMC7583355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oscillating glucose levels can increase oxidative stress and may contribute to β-cell dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that increased glycemic variability contributes to β-cell dysfunction by experimentally altering glucose variability with controlled diets varying in glycemic index (GI). Fifty-two adults with prediabetes received a 2-week moderate GI (GI = 55-58) control diet followed by randomization to a four-week low GI (LGI: GI < 35) or high GI (HGI HI > 70) diet. Those on the HGI diet were randomized to placebo or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Participants underwent blinded CGMS, fasting oxidative stress markers and an intravenous glucose tolerance test to estimate β-cell function (disposition index: DI). On the control diet, DI was inversely correlated with SD glucose (r = -0.314, p = 0.03), but neither DI nor glucose variability were associated with oxidative stress markers. The LGI diet decreased SD glucose (Control 0.96 ± 0.08 vs. LGI 0.79 ± 0.06, p = 0.02) while the HGI diet increased it (Control 0.88 ± 0.06 vs. HGI 1.06 ± 0.07, p = 0.03). Neither DI nor oxidative stress markers changed after the LGI or HGI diets. NAC had no effect on DI, glucose variability or oxidative stress markers. We conclude small changes in glucose variability induced by dietary GI in adults with pre-diabetes are unlikely to contribute to β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Utzschneider
- Research and Development, Department of Medicine, 1660 S Columbian Way (151), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-6426, USA.
| | - Tonya N Johnson
- Research and Development, Department of Medicine, 1660 S Columbian Way (151), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; Seattle Institute for BIomedical and Clinical Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kara L Breymeyer
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lisa Bettcher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-6426, USA.
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-6426, USA.
| | - Katherine M Newton
- Kaiser Permanente Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Ahmadian M, Dabidi Roshan V, Rezvan K, Leicht AS. Impact of exercise in high-humidity on heart rate variability and salivary oxidative stress in obese and lightweight asthmatic children. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:779-785. [PMID: 32141276 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and obesity are becoming increasingly common among children. Such conditions are known to negatively affect both cardiac autonomic function and oxidative stress. We therefore investigated the heart rate variability (HRV) and oxidative (malondialdehyde, MDA) response to exercise within a high humidity environment (~65%) in obese and lightweight asthmatic children. METHODS Forty-two children participated in this study and were categorized into four groups: obese asthmatic (OA, N.=10), obese non-asthmatic (ONA, N.=15), lightweight asthmatic (LA, N.=10), and lightweight non-asthmatic (LNA, N.=7). Time-domain and nonlinear indices of HRV were assessed at rest, during, and immediately after exercise. Further, saliva samples were collected immediately before and after exercise and analyzed for the determination of MDA. RESULTS HRV significantly decreased during and after exercise compared to baseline (P<0.05) with short-term fractal scaling exponent (α1) for the LNA group significantly smaller than the OA group after exercise (P<0.05). In contrast, the long-term fractal scaling exponent (α2) was greater after exercise compared to baseline and during exercise for all groups (P<0.05). MDA significantly decreased after exercise compared to baseline (P<0.05). We also found significant correlations after exercise between salivary levels of MDA with HRV components (i.e., RMSSD, SD1, and α2) in asthmatic groups (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that exercise in high humidity environment does not significantly differentiate the autonomic response among children with various conditions (i.e., obese, asthmatic and healthy). However, a significant relationship was found between HRV and MDA in asthmatic children after exercise, highlighting the inter-relationship between oxidative stress markers and autonomic function in asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ahmadian
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valiollah Dabidi Roshan
- Department of Sport Physiology, College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran -
| | - Khatereh Rezvan
- Department of Sport Physiology, College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Anthony S Leicht
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Lee CH, Shin HW, Shin DG. Impact of Oxidative Stress on Long-Term Heart Rate Variability: Linear Versus Non-Linear Heart Rate Dynamics. Heart Lung Circ 2019; 29:1164-1173. [PMID: 31495726 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) is a widely used non-invasive and quantitative marker of cardiac autonomic control. Elevated oxidative stress (OS) and reduced HRV have been proven in specific disease subsets. However, the impact of OS on the long-term heart rate dynamics of both conventional linear and non-linear origin in the general population is not known. METHODS The 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram recordings and plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) levels as an OS marker were acquired simultaneously in 71 consecutive patients. The conventional time and frequency domain HRV parameters and non-linear parameters were measured. RESULTS The 8-iso-PGF2α is a significant determinant of most long-term conventional time and frequency domain HRV parameters and standard deviation (SD1, perpendicular to the line of identity; SD2, along the line of identity) descriptors from Poincaré plot analysis, but not of non-linear complexity and fractal parameters. Patients with a high OS burden had lower absolute low-frequency and high-frequency powers during both the night and morning periods, with a significant decrease in high-frequency power in the morning. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress is one of the significant determinants of the HRV. The severity of OS is reflected in the conventional time and frequency domain HRV parameters, but not in the non-linear measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hee Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gu Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Lundqvist MH, Almby K, Abrahamsson N, Eriksson JW. Is the Brain a Key Player in Glucose Regulation and Development of Type 2 Diabetes? Front Physiol 2019; 10:457. [PMID: 31133864 PMCID: PMC6524713 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since Claude Bernards discovery in the mid 19th-century that a lesion in the floor of the third ventricle in dogs led to altered systemic glucose levels, a role of the CNS in whole-body glucose regulation has been acknowledged. However, this finding was later overshadowed by the isolation of pancreatic hormones in the 20th century. Since then, the understanding of glucose homeostasis and pathology has primarily evolved around peripheral mechanism. Due to scientific advances over these last few decades, however, increasing attention has been given to the possibility of the brain as a key player in glucose regulation and the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Studies of animals have enabled detailed neuroanatomical mapping of CNS structures involved in glucose regulation and key neuronal circuits and intracellular pathways have been identified. Furthermore, the development of neuroimaging techniques has provided methods to measure changes of activity in specific CNS regions upon diverse metabolic challenges in humans. In this narrative review, we discuss the available evidence on the topic. We conclude that there is much evidence in favor of active CNS involvement in glucose homeostasis but the relative importance of central vs. peripheral mechanisms remains to be elucidated. An increased understanding of this field may lead to new CNS-focusing pharmacologic strategies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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López-Cano C, Gutiérrez-Carrasquilla L, Sánchez E, González J, Yeramian A, Martí R, Hernández M, Cao G, Ribelles M, Gómez X, Barril S, Barbé F, Hernández C, Simó R, Lecube A. Sympathetic Hyperactivity and Sleep Disorders in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:752. [PMID: 31736881 PMCID: PMC6839128 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Many studies on the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on sleep breathing have shown a higher prevalence and severity of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) in those with T2DM. Moreover, an increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system has been described in both pathologies. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess sympathetic activity in patients with T2DM, and to investigate the relationship between sympathetic activity and polysomnographic parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients with T2DM without known clinical macrovascular nor pulmonary disease and 11 controls underwent respiratory polygraphy, and their cardiac variability and 24-h urine total metanephrines were measured. Results: SAHS was highly prevalent with a mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in the range of moderate SAHS. In patients with T2DM, the nocturnal concentration of total metanephrines in urine were higher than diurnal levels [247.0 (120.0-1375.0) vs. 210.0 (92.0-670.0), p = 0.039]. The nocturnal total metanephrine concentration was positively and significantly associatedwith the percentage of sleeping time spent with oxygen saturation <90%(CT90). In the entire population and in subjects with T2DM, the multivariate regression analysis showed a direct interaction between the nocturnal concentration of urine metanephrines and the CT90. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the increase in sympathetic activity previously described in patients with T2DM could be mediated through nocturnal breathing disturbances. The diagnosis and treatment of SAHS may influence sympathetic activity disorders and may contribute to an improvement in T2DM and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina López-Cano
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group (ODIM), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Liliana Gutiérrez-Carrasquilla
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group (ODIM), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Enric Sánchez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group (ODIM), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Jessica González
- Respiratory Department, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa María, Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andree Yeramian
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group (ODIM), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Raquel Martí
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group (ODIM), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group (ODIM), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Cao
- Section of Hormones, Clinic Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Mercè Ribelles
- Clinic Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Gómez
- Clinic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Silvia Barril
- Respiratory Department, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa María, Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferran Barbé
- Respiratory Department, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa María, Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Lecube
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group (ODIM), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Albert Lecube
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Relationship between Atherogenic Indices and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study from Central India. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6030055. [PMID: 29976917 PMCID: PMC6163428 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes is the precursor stage of diabetes mellitus and is also considered to be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Atherogenic indices have been used for assessment of risk for cardiovascular disease development. To date, there is no data on evaluating the relationship between atherogenic indices (cardiac risk ratio (CRR), atherogenic coefficient (AC), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in prediabetes. Hence, we aimed to determine atherogenic indices (CRR, AC, and AIP) and CIMT in prediabetic subjects and then sought to evaluate the relationship between them. A total of 400 human subjects were included in the present study, out of which 200 were prediabetic subjects and 200 were normal healthy control subjects. For each subject, CRR, AC, and AIP were calculated from routine lipid parameters and carotid intima-media thickness was measured as well. Atherogenic indices, that is, CRR, AC, and AIP, were significantly increased in prediabetic subjects as compared to the controls (5.87 ± 0.87 vs. 4.23 ± 0.50, p < 0.001; 4.87 ± 0.87 vs. 3.23 ± 0.50, p < 0.001; and 0.29 ± 0.07 vs. 0.09 ± 0.09, p < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, a significant and positive correlation was observed between CIMT and AIP (r = 0.529, p < 0.01), CRR (r = 0.495, p < 0.01), and AC (r = 0.495, p < 0.01). Prediabetic subjects present abnormalities in atherogenic indices and CIMT, which indicate a greater propensity of prediabetes for the development of cardiovascular disease. Hence, atherogenic indices can be used in addition to routine lipid parameters for the better assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis in prediabetic subjects.
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10
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Rodríguez-Ramírez G, Simental-Mendía LE, Carrera-Gracia MDLA, Quintanar-Escorza MA. Vitamin E Deficiency and Oxidative Status are Associated with Prediabetes in Apparently Healthy Subjects. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:257-262. [PMID: 28923327 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that vitamin E deficiency and oxidative stress affect the beta cell function. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the association between vitamin E deficiency and oxidative status with prediabetes in apparently healthy subjects. METHODS Apparently healthy men and women aged 18-65 years were enrolled in a case-control study. Individuals with new diagnosis of prediabetes were considered as cases and compared with a control group of individuals with normal glucose tolerance. Smoking, alcohol intake, pregnancy, diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, malignancy, glucocorticoid treatment and consumption of lipid-lowering drugs, antioxidants and vitamin supplements were exclusion criteria. Vitamin E deficiency was defined by serum levels of α-tocopherol <11.6 μmol/L, oxidative status was assessed by total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation, and prediabetes was considered by the presence of impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance. RESULTS A total of 148 subjects were allocated into the case (n = 74) and control (n = 74) groups. The frequency of vitamin E deficiency was higher in the case group (41.8%) compared with the control group (35.1%), p = 0.03. The logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, waist circumference and body mass index, revealed a significant association between vitamin E deficiency (OR 3.23; 95% CI: 1.34-7.79, p = 0.009), lipoperoxidation (OR 2.82; CI 95%: 1.42-5.59, p = 0.003) and total antioxidant capacity (OR 0.93; CI 95%: 0.90-0.96, p <0.001) with prediabetes. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study suggest that both vitamin E deficiency and oxidative status are associated with prediabetes in apparently healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Durango, Durango, Dgo., México.
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Black CN, Bot M, Révész D, Scheffer PG, Penninx B. The association between three major physiological stress systems and oxidative DNA and lipid damage. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 80:56-66. [PMID: 28319849 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased activity of the three major physiological stress systems (immune-inflammatory system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis [HPA-axis], and autonomic nervous system [ANS]) is part of the pathophysiology of various somatic and psychiatric diseases. Oxidative damage is a key mechanism in both ageing and disease. Elucidating the relationship between these stress systems and oxidative damage would contribute to the understanding of the role of physiological stress in disease. This study therefore investigates associations between various measures of physiological stress and oxidative DNA (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG) and lipid (F2-isoprostanes) damage. METHODS Plasma 8-OHdG and F2-isoprostanes were measured using LC-MS/MS in 2858 subjects (aged 18-65). Plasma inflammation markers, salivary cortisol and ANS markers (three for each stress system) were determined. Linear regression analyses were adjusted for sociodemographics, sampling factors and medication. RESULTS 8-OHdG was positively associated with all inflammation markers (β=0.047-0.050, p<0.01), evening cortisol (β=0.073, p<0.001), and unexpectedly with low respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reflecting low ANS stress (β=0.073, p<0.001). F2-isoprostanes were associated with higher C-reactive protein (β=0.072, p<0.001), high ANS stress reflected in heart rate (β=0.064, p<0.001) and RSA (β=-0.076, p=0.001), but not with cortisol. Analyses investigating the cumulative impact of the stress systems demonstrated that the number of systems with ≥1 marker in the high risk quartile showed a positive linear trend with both 8-OHdG (p=0.030) and F2-isoprostanes (p=0.009). CONCLUSION This large-scale study showed that markers of inflammation, the HPA-axis and ANS are associated with oxidative DNA damage. Oxidative lipid damage is associated with inflammation and the ANS. Increased physiological stress across systems is associated with increasing oxidative damage in a dose-response fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine N Black
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO(+), Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO(+), Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dóra Révész
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G Scheffer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO(+), Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Chen X, Bakillah A, Zhou L, Pan X, Hoepfner F, Jacob M, Jiang XC, Lazar J, Schlitt A, Hussain MM. Nitrated apolipoprotein AI/apolipoprotein AI ratio is increased in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245:12-21. [PMID: 26687998 PMCID: PMC4738057 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recent studies have suggested that determination of HDL function may be more informative than its concentration in predicting its protective role in coronary artery disease (CAD). Apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), the major protein of HDL, is nitrosylated in vivo to nitrated apoAI (NT-apoAI) that might cause dysfunction. We hypothesized that NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio might be associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in CAD patients. METHODS We measured plasma NT-apoAI and apoAI levels in 777 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) by ELISA. Further, we measured plasma cholesterol efflux potential in subjects with similar apoAI but different NT-apoAI levels. RESULTS We found that median NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio was significantly higher in diabetes mellitus (DM) (n = 327) versus non-diabetic patients (n = 450). Further analysis indicated that DM, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and C-reactive protein levels were independent predictors of higher NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio. There was negative correlation between NT-apoAI/apoAI and use of anti-platelet and lipid lowering drugs. The cholesterol efflux capacity of plasma from 67 individuals with differing NT-apoAI but similar apoAI levels from macrophages in vitro was negatively correlated with NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio. CONCLUSIONS Higher NT-apoAI/apoAI ratio is significantly associated with DM in this relatively large German cohort with CAD and may contribute to associated complications by reducing cholesterol efflux capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Institute of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ahmed Bakillah
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Liye Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Marrit Jacob
- Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Halle, Germany
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA
| | - Jason Lazar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Axel Schlitt
- Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Halle, Germany; Paracelsus-Harz-Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Sharma VK, Subramanian SK, Arunachalam V, Rajendran R. Heart Rate Variability in Adolescents - Normative Data Stratified by Sex and Physical Activity. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:CC08-13. [PMID: 26557514 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/15373.6662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) refers to the beat-to-beat fluctuations in the cardiac rhythm occurring due to modulation of the pacemaker (sinoatrial node) activity of the heart by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors are increasingly occurring at a younger age (children and adolescents) and recording of HRV in them will help us to identify cardiovascular autonomic derangement earlier. However, to be used clinically, normative data has to be established in this age group considering other major factors that can influence HRV such as sex, physical activity, and BMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology has provided the standards for measurement of heart rate variability and we have followed the same. In the present study, we have described the normative data for HRV in the adolescent in the age group of 12-17 years, stratified based on sex and physical activity. RESULTS Data given below are expressed as median with interquartile range (Median (IQR)) in the following order: non-athlete girls, non athlete boys, athlete girls and athlete boys. Time domain indices - SDNN - 66.35 (40.78), 63.20 (36.20), 113.00 (31.40) and 94.20 (35.55); RMSSD - 69.00 (50.55), 58.70 (43.40), 94.90 (42.10) and 100.30 (47.50); NN50 - 137.50 (100.25), 116.00 (90.50), 137.00 (81.00) and 156.00 (81.50). The frequency domain indices - LF power 1015.00 (1098.75), 945.00 (831.00), 1465 (642.25), and 1211.00 (811.37); HF power - 1324.00 (1707.00), 988.00 (1426.50), 2409.00 (1387.50), and 2219.00 (1752.00); Total power - 3374.50 (3094.25), 2757.00 (2641.00), 5202.00 (2501.50) and 5273.00 (3507.50); LFnu - 45.44 (16.61), 47.63 (29.98), 38.59 (11.81) and 37.10 (11.21); HFnu - 54.56 (16.61), 52.37 (29.98), 61.41 (11.81) and 62.90 (11.21). CONCLUSION We have given sex and physical activity stratified HRV normative data for adolescents in the age between 12-17 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Additional Professor, Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research , Puducherry, India
| | - Senthil Kumar Subramanian
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital , Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Rajathi Rajendran
- PhD scholar, Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research , Puducherry, India
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Mohieldein AH, Hasan M, Al-Harbi KK, Alodailah SS, Azahrani RM, Al-Mushawwah SA. Dyslipidemia and reduced total antioxidant status in young adult Saudis with prediabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2015; 9:287-291. [PMID: 25470641 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lifestyle related noncommunicable health conditions are having an increasingly negative impact on the health. This study aimed to assess the lipid profile, total antioxidant capacity, and the lifestyle predictors of conversion to prediabetes in young Saudis with prediabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-one young Saudis with fasting plasma glucose (<125 mg/dl) enrolled in this study who further categorized into normal glucose tolerance "NGT" group (n=86) and prediabetes group (IFG; n=08/IGT; n=27) based on American Association criteria. Venous blood samples were collected at fasting and 2h postprandial from participants. Chemistry parameters and total antioxidant status (TAS) were assayed by standard procedures. Questionnaires were applied to collect information including demographic characteristics, physical activity, and family history to diabetes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17. RESULTS Compared to NGT subjects, the prediabetics characterized by marked obesity (p=.027), visceral obesity (p=.002), dyslipidemia, significantly increased HbA1c (p=.003), reduced TAS (p<.001), more sedentary lifestyle (p=.010). Positive correlations were documented between FPG, 2-h plasma glucose and HbA1c, BMI, WC, TC, LDL cholesterol, TG while negative correlations with HDL cholesterol, TAS. CONCLUSION The current study reported that prediabetes condition (in young adult Saudis) was associated with dyslipidemia, reduced total antioxidant status, obesity, central obesity, and physical inactivity compared to those with normoglycemia. Lifestyle modifications (through weight loss, regular physical activity, and healthy diet) should be encouraged especially among young Saudis to prevent the progression to type 2 diabetes and its complications from prediabetes state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmarouf H Mohieldein
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marghoob Hasan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid K Al-Harbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sattam S Alodailah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajab M Azahrani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Al-Mushawwah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Ziegler D, Voss A, Rathmann W, Strom A, Perz S, Roden M, Peters A, Meisinger C. Increased prevalence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction at different degrees of glucose intolerance in the general population: the KORA S4 survey. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1118-28. [PMID: 25724570 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction (CAND) raises the risk of mortality, but the glycaemic threshold at which it develops is unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence of, risk factors for and impact of CAND in glucose intolerance and diabetes. METHODS Among 1,332 eligible participants aged 55-74 years in the population-based cross-sectional KORA S4 study, 130 had known diabetes mellitus (k-DM), and the remaining 1,202 underwent an OGTT. Heart rate variability (HRV) and QT variability were computed from supine 5 min ECGs. RESULTS In all, 565 individuals had normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 336 had isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG), 72 had isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), 151 had combined IFG-IGT (IFG-IGT) and 78 had newly detected diabetes mellitus (n-DM). Adjusted normal HRV limits were defined in the NGT population (5th and 95th percentiles). Three HRV measures were more frequently abnormal in those with k-DM, n-DM, IFG-IGT and i-IFG than in those with NGT (p < 0.05). The rates of CAND (≥2 of 4 HRV indices abnormal) were: NGT, 4.5%; i-IFG, 8.1%; i-IGT, 5.9%; IFG-IGT, 11.4%; n-DM, 11.7%; and k-DM, 17.5% (p < 0.05 vs NGT, except for i-IGT). Reduced HRV was associated with cardiovascular risk factors used to construct a simple screening score for CAND. Mortality was higher in participants with reduced HRV (p < 0.05 vs normal HRV). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In the general population aged 55-74 years, the prevalence of CAND is increased not only in individuals with diabetes, but also in those with IFG-IGT and, to a lesser degree, in those with i-IFG. It is associated with mortality and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors which may be used to screen for diminished HRV in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany,
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Cozzolino D, Grandone A, Cittadini A, Palmiero G, Esposito G, De Bellis A, Furlan R, Perrotta S, Perrone L, Torella D, Miraglia del Giudice E. Subclinical myocardial dysfunction and cardiac autonomic dysregulation are closely associated in obese children and adolescents: the potential role of insulin resistance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123916. [PMID: 25906397 PMCID: PMC4408004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity is increasing among children/adolescents. Subtle cardiovascular abnormalities, responsible for a higher mortality later in life, have been reported in obese children/adolescents. The aims of the study were to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic regulation, by means of spectrum analysis of R-R interval variability, and myocardial function, by means of standard and tissue Doppler echocardiography, in a group of non-hypertensive asymptomatic obese children and adolescents; furthermore, the influence of insulin resistance was tested. Subjects and Methods R-R interval variability was analyzed during both the 70° head-up tilt and 24-hour electrocardiographic holter monitoring. Spectrum analysis of R-R interval variability provided the indices of sympathetic (low frequency [LFRR]) and vagal (high frequency [HFRR]) modulation of the sinoatrial node. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to classify obese children/adolescents (n=72) as insulin resistant (n=37) and non-insulin resistant (n=35). Results In obese subjects: a) left ventricular mass was significantly (p<0.05) increased, whereas both the e/a ratio and the e'/a' ratio were decreased; b) at rest, HFRR was lower, and the LFRR/HFRR ratio was higher; c) during tilting, magnitude of tilt-induced inhibition of HFRR was lower; d) during 24-hour electrocardiographic holter monitoring, LFRR and the LFRR/HFRR ratio were higher, whereas HFRR was lower; e) HOMA-IR inversely correlated with both the e'/a' ratio (r=-0.655; p<0.001) and the tilt-induced LFRR/HFRR ratio (r=-0.933; p<0.001); and, f) the e'/a' ratio correlated with the tilt-induced LFRR/HFRR ratio (r=0.501; p<0.001). Moreover, HFRR at rest, magnitude of tilt-induced HFRR reduction, and the e'/a' ratio in insulin resistant obese children/adolescents were markedly lower when compared with the remaining subjects. Conclusions Subclinical abnormalities of myocardial function and of cardiac autonomic regulation were closely associated in obese children/adolescents and both correlated with the degree of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Cozzolino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Grandone
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmiero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria De Bellis
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaello Furlan
- Internal Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, University of Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Perrone
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Luo C, Yuan D, Zhao W, Chen H, Luo G, Su G, Hei Z. Sevoflurane ameliorates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury by inhibiting the synergistic action between mast cell activation and oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1082-90. [PMID: 25815524 PMCID: PMC4438974 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning with sevoflurane (SEV) can protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in several organs, however, the benefits of SEV against acute lung injury (ALI), induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR), and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of SEV preconditioning on IIR-mediated ALI and the associated mechanisms in a rat model. Female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 2.3% SEV or apocynin (AP), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, were subjected to 75 min superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by 2 h reperfusion in the presence or absence of the mast cell degranulator compound 48/80 (CP). SEV and AP were observed to downregulate the protein expression levels of p47phox and gp91phox in the lungs of normal rats. IIR resulted in severe lung injury, characterized by significant increases in pathological injury scores, lung wet/dry weight ratio, protein expression levels of p47phox, gp91phox and ICAM-1, the presence of hydrogen peroxide, malondydehyde and interleukin-6, and the activity of myeloperoxidase. In addition, significant reductions were observed in the expression of prosurfactant protein C, accompanied by an increase in MC degranulation, demonstrated by significant elevations in the number of mast cells, expression levels of tryptase and the concentration of β-hexosaminidase. These changes were further augmented in the presence of CP. In addition, SEV and AP preconditioning significantly alleviated the above alterations induced by IIR alone or in combination with CP. These findings suggested that SEV and AP attenuated IIR-induced ALI by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and the synergistic action between oxidative stress and mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Weicheng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Huixin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Gangjian Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Guangjie Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ziqing Hei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Farah BQ, Barros MVG, Balagopal B, Ritti-Dias RM. Heart rate variability and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescent boys. J Pediatr 2014; 165:945-50. [PMID: 25112694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish reference values of heart rate variability (HRV) measures in a cohort of adolescent boys and to determine the relationship between HRV and the clustering of risk factors (RFs) for cardiovascular disease. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included 1152 adolescent boys (age: 16.6 ± 1.2 years old). Demographic data, health-related habits, obesity indicators, and blood pressure were evaluated. HRV measures of time (SD of all RR intervals, root mean square of the squared differences between adjacent normal RR intervals, and the percentage of adjacent intervals over 50 ms) and frequency domains were assessed (low [LF] and high [HF] frequency). RESULTS The components of HRV were RR interval (827 ± 128 ms), SD of all RR intervals (61.9 ± 23.5 ms), root mean square of the squared differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (54.5 ± 29.4 ms), percentage of adjacent intervals over 50 ms (29.4 ± 20.4%), LF (53 ± 16 nu), HF (47 ± 16), and LF/HF (1.44 ± 1.08). Greater sympathetic and lower parasympathetic modulation at rest were associated with higher adiposity, higher blood pressure and physical inactivity. Adolescents with 2 or more RFs also presented lower HRV than subjects with no RFs (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The study has provided descriptive indicators that help the interpretation of HRV results in adolescents. Lower HRV measures are associated with the clustering of cardiovascular RFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno Q Farah
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mauro V G Barros
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Babu Balagopal
- Nemours Children's Clinic and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Raphael M Ritti-Dias
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Eyre ELJ, Duncan MJ, Birch SL, Fisher JP. The influence of age and weight status on cardiac autonomic control in healthy children: a review. Auton Neurosci 2014; 186:8-21. [PMID: 25458714 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) analyses can provide a non-invasive evaluation of cardiac autonomic activity. How autonomic control normally develops in childhood and how this is affected by obesity remain incompletely understood. In this review we examine the evidence that childhood age and weight status influence autonomic control of the heart as assessed using HRV. Electronic databases (Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) were searched for studies examining HRV in healthy children from birth to 18 years who adhered to the Task Force (1996) guidelines. Twenty-four studies met our inclusion criteria. Seven examined childhood age and HRV. A reduction in 24-hour LF:HF was reported from birth to infancy (1 year), while overall HRV (SDNN) showed a marked and progressive increase. From infancy to early-to-late childhood (from 12 months to 15 years) LF:HF ratio was reported to decline further albeit at a slower rate, while RMSSD and SDNN increased. Twenty studies examined the effects of weight status and body composition on HRV. In a majority of studies, obese children exhibited reductions in RMSSD (n = 8/13), pNN50% (n = 7/9) and HF power (n = 14/18), no difference was reported for LF (n = 10/18), while LF:HF ratio was elevated (n = 10/15). HRV changes during childhood are consistent with a marked and progressive increase in cardiac parasympathetic activity relative to sympathetic activity. Obesity disrupts the normal maturation of cardiac autonomic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L J Eyre
- Department of Applied Science and Health, Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, James Starley Building, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom.
| | - M J Duncan
- Department of Applied Science and Health, Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, James Starley Building, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - S L Birch
- Department of Applied Science and Health, Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, James Starley Building, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - J P Fisher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Tarantino G, Capone D, Finelli C. Exposure to ambient air particulate matter and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:3951-3956. [PMID: 23840139 PMCID: PMC3703181 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i25.3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to alert the public opinion and policy makers on the supposed enhancing effects of exposure to ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 mm (PM2.5) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. For far too long literature data have been fixated on pulmonary diseases and/or cardiovascular disease, as consequence of particulate exposure, ignoring the link between the explosion of obesity with related syndromes such as NAFLD and air pollution, the worst characteristics of nowadays civilization. In order to delineate a clear picture of this major health problem, further studies should investigate whether and at what extent cigarette smoking and exposure to ambient air PM2.5 impact the natural history of patients with obesity-related NAFLD, i.e., development of non alcoholic steatohepatitis, disease characterized by a worse prognosis due its progression towards fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma.
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Fernandes RA, Vaz Ronque ER, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Silva DP, Cogo CT, Carnelossi MS, Batista MB, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Resting heart rate: its correlations and potential for screening metabolic dysfunctions in adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2013; 13:48. [PMID: 23560541 PMCID: PMC3621598 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In pediatric populations, the use of resting heart rate as a health index remains unclear, mainly in epidemiological settings. The aims of this study were to analyze the impact of resting heart rate on screening dyslipidemia and high blood glucose and also to identify its significance in pediatric populations. Methods The sample was composed of 971 randomly selected adolescents aged 11 to 17 years (410 boys and 561 girls). Resting heart rate was measured with oscillometric devices using two types of cuffs according to the arm circumference. Biochemical parameters triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose were measured. Body fatness, sleep, smoking, alcohol consumption and cardiorespiratory fitness were analyzed. Results Resting heart rate was positively related to higher sleep quality (β = 0.005, p = 0.039) and negatively related to cardiorespiratory fitness (β = −0.207, p = 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated significant potential for resting heart rate in the screening of adolescents at increased values of fasting glucose (area under curve = 0.611 ± 0.039 [0.534 – 0.688]) and triglycerides (area under curve = 0.618 ± 0.044 [0.531 – 0.705]). Conclusion High resting heart rate constitutes a significant and independent risk related to dyslipidemia and high blood glucose in pediatric populations. Sleep and cardiorespiratory fitness are two important determinants of the resting heart rate.
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