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For: Anton RF, Lieber C, Tabakoff B. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase for the detection and monitoring of alcohol use: results from a multisite study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003. [PMID: 12198396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]

For:	Anton RF, Lieber C, Tabakoff B. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase for the detection and monitoring of alcohol use: results from a multisite study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003. [PMID: 12198396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]

Number

Cited by Other Article(s)

Shibamoto A, Namisaki T, Suzuki J, Kubo T, Iwai S, Tomooka F, Takeda S, Fujimoto Y, Enomoto M, Murata K, Inoue T, Ishida K, Ogawa H, Takagi H, Kaya D, Tsuji Y, Ozutsumi T, Fujinaga Y, Furukawa M, Nishimura N, Sawada Y, Kitagawa K, Sato S, Takaya H, Kaji K, Shimozato N, Kawaratani H, Moriya K, Akahane T, Mitoro A, Yoshiji H. Clinical Significance of Gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase Combined with Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin for the Assessment of Excessive Alcohol Consumption in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021;8:39. [PMID: 34357155 PMCID: PMC8307258 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8070039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]

Affiliation(s)

Akihiko Shibamoto Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Tadashi Namisaki Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Junya Suzuki Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Takahiro Kubo Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Satoshi Iwai Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Fumimasa Tomooka Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Soichi Takeda Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Yuki Fujimoto Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Masahide Enomoto Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Koji Murata Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Takashi Inoue Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University Hospital, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan;
Koji Ishida Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Hiroyuki Ogawa Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Hirotetsu Takagi Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Daisuke Kaya Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Yuki Tsuji Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Takahiro Ozutsumi Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Yukihisa Fujinaga Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Masanori Furukawa Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Norihisa Nishimura Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Yasuhiko Sawada Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Koh Kitagawa Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Shinya Sato Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Hiroaki Takaya Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Kosuke Kaji Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Naotaka Shimozato Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Hideto Kawaratani Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Kei Moriya Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Takemi Akahane Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Akira Mitoro Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)
Hitoshi Yoshiji Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (A.S.); (J.S.); (T.K.); (S.I.); (F.T.); (S.T.); (Y.F.); (M.E.); (K.M.); (K.I.); (H.O.); (H.T.); (D.K.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (N.N.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (S.S.); (H.T.); (K.K.); (N.S.); (H.K.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.Y.)

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Crabb DW, Im GY, Szabo G, Mellinger JL, Lucey MR. Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases: 2019 Practice Guidance From the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2020;71:306-333. [PMID: 31314133 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]

Wang J, Li P, Jiang Z, Yang Q, Mi Y, Liu Y, Shi R, Zhou Y, Wang J, Lu W, Li S, Liu D. Diagnostic value of alcoholic liver disease (ALD)/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) index combined with γ-glutamyl transferase in differentiating ALD and NAFLD. Korean J Intern Med 2016;31:479-87. [PMID: 27025268 PMCID: PMC4855105 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open

Niemelä O. Biomarker-Based Approaches for Assessing Alcohol Use Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016;13:166. [PMID: 26828506 PMCID: PMC4772186 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]

Singal AK, Chaha KS, Rasheed K, Anand BS. Liver transplantation in alcoholic liver disease current status and controversies. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:5953-5963. [PMID: 24106395 PMCID: PMC3785616 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i36.5953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open

Kravos M, Malesic I. Glutamate Dehydrogenase as a Marker of Alcohol Dependence. Alcohol Alcohol 2010;45:39-44. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agp070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open

Bentele M, Kriston L, Clement HW, Härter M, Mundle G, Berner MM. The validity of the laboratory marker combinations DOVER and QUVER to detect physician's diagnosis of at-risk drinking. Addict Biol 2007;12:85-92. [PMID: 17407501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2006.00049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]

Anton RF, Youngblood M. Factors Affecting %CDT Status at Entry Into a Multisite Clinical Treatment Trial: Experience from the COMBINE Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006;30:1878-83. [PMID: 17067352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) occurs as a higher percentage of normal transferrin (%CDT) in heavy drinkers. %CDT is used as a marker of both alcohol use disorder severity and treatment outcome both clinically and in treatment trials. Nevertheless, little is known about the parameters that predict which patients are %CDT positives at treatment entry. These parameters might include level of drinking, days of abstinence before testing, and severity of alcohol dependence before evaluation.

METHODS

%CDT levels were collected before randomization from participants of the COMBINE Study, a large federally sponsored multisite clinical trial evaluating medications and behavioral therapies in alcohol-dependent outpatients. %CDT (assayed in a central laboratory) was available in 1,193 individuals for whom drinking history in the 30 days before testing and measures of alcoholism severity were documented. The effects of drinking history and alcohol severity were evaluated for prediction of a %CDT-positive test status.

RESULTS

Less percent days abstinent (PDA) and more drinks per drinking day (DDD) were predictive of higher rates of %CDT-positive patients (maximum 67%). Up to 14 days of continuous abstinence before testing did not appear to significantly affect %CDT status. Rates of %CDT positives remained reasonably steady up to about 40% PDA. Years of drinking at dependence levels had an unexpected negative impact on %CDT-positive rates while previous treatment had a small but positive impact of %CDT-positive rates. ADS and DrInC scores had no predictive value over and above recent drinking amounts on %CDT status.

CONCLUSIONS

%CDT is more likely to be positive in those who have more days of drinking and to a lesser degree in those who drink more per drinking day. It can remain positive even in those alcoholic subjects who stop drinking many days before testing. Alcoholic subjects with more treatment experiences appear to have a marginally higher %CDT-positive rate.

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Berner MM, Bentele M, Kriston L, Mänz C, Clement HW, Härter M, Mundle G. DOVER and QUVER-new marker combinations to detect and monitor at-risk drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006;30:1372-80. [PMID: 16899040 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]

Abstract

BACKGROUND

At-risk drinking is a common medical problem. "Objective" laboratory tests are widely used, especially in situations where it might be favorable for the patient to dissimulate the existing alcohol problem. In this study, we report a new approach to combine the biological markers % carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gammaGT) to increase diagnostic properties to identify patients with at-risk drinking behavior.

METHODS

Fifty-eight general practitioners (GPs) participated in the study at 2 study sites in South-West Germany. Patients filled in a questionnaire that included the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and gave a blood sample. The GP recorded his assessment about the presence of an alcohol-related disorder in the patient. Screening results of 1 test center were used as a calculation sample. The results at the other site were used to cross-validate the study outcomes. The markers were combined by 2 methods. The first approach used the AUDIT (QUestionnaire VERified; QUVER), and the second was performed using the clinical judgment of the treating GP (DOctor VERified; DOVER). The formulas were calculated using linear and logistic regression models, respectively.

RESULTS

A total of 2,940 patients participated in the study, of whom 2,496 completed data sets that could be used for further analysis. In the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves with the reference standard of an AUDIT> or =8, the area under the curve (AUC) of 78.8% for DOVER and 80.6% (QUVER) are in a higher range than the values for gamma-%CDT (75.4%) or gamma-GT (66.3%) and %CDT (74.3%) and suggest a clear superiority of the proposed marker combinations. Regarding the combinations DOVER and QUVER, the cross-validation results were almost identical, with 78.4/78.8% and 80.6/79.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Our study is to date the largest practice-based trial that examines the value of the markers CDT and gamma-GT and their combinations for the screening of at-risk drinking in general practice under routine conditions. Our ROC analysis clearly demonstrated that the combination of the markers gamma-GT and %CDT under routine conditions with a behaviorally oriented reference standard leads to an improvement of diagnostic performance, more so than the use of single markers.

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Aradottir S, Asanovska G, Gjerss S, Hansson P, Alling C. PHosphatidylethanol (PEth) concentrations in blood are correlated to reported alcohol intake in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol Alcohol 2006;41:431-7. [PMID: 16624837 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agl027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open

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Dillie KS, Mundt M, French MT, Fleming MF. Cost-Benefit Analysis of a New Alcohol Biomarker, Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin, in a Chronic Illness Primary Care Sample. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2005;29:2008-14. [PMID: 16340458 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000187606.54854.db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]

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Fleming MF, Anton RF, Spies CD. A review of genetic, biological, pharmacological, and clinical factors that affect carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2004;28:1347-55. [PMID: 15365305 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000139815.89794.be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is an alcohol biomarker recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This test is increasingly being used to detect and monitor alcohol use in a variety of health care, legal, and industrial settings. The goal of this study is to review the genetic, biological, pharmacological, and clinical factors that may affect CDT levels.

METHODS

A review of the literature identified 95 research articles that met the authors' criteria and reported potential interactions of a variety of factors on percent and total CDT levels. The review established 12 categories of variables that may affect CDT levels. These categories include (1) alcohol use, (2) genetic factors, (3) race, (4) gender, (5) age, (6) liver disease, (7) iron levels, (8) tobacco use, (9) medication such as estrogen and anticonvulsants, (10) metabolic factors such as body mass index and total body water, (11) chronic medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, and (12) surgical patients.

RESULTS

There is evidence that %CDT levels are affected by alcohol use, end-stage liver disease, and genetic variants. In addition to these three factors, total CDT levels (CDTect) are also affected by factors that raise transferrin levels such as iron deficiency, chronic illnesses, and menopausal status. Other potential factors such as tobacco and age appear to be confounded by alcohol use. The roles of female gender, low body mass index, chronic inflammatory diseases, and medication on CDT levels require further study. False negatives are associated with female gender, episodic lower level alcohol use, and acute trauma with blood loss.

CONCLUSIONS

This review suggests that a number of factors are associated with false-positive CDTect and %CDT levels. CDT offers great promise to assist physicians in the care of patients to detect and monitor heavy alcohol use.

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Lieber CS, Weiss DG, Groszmann R, Paronetto F, Schenker S. I. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study of Polyenylphosphatidylcholine in Alcoholic Liver Disease: Effects on Drinking Behavior by Nurse/Physician Teams. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003;27:1757-64. [PMID: 14634491 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000093744.12232.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]

Abstract

BACKGROUND

This multicenter prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of polyenylphosphatidylcholine against the progression of liver fibrosis toward cirrhosis in alcoholics. Seven hundred eighty-nine alcoholics with an average intake of 16 drinks per day were enrolled. To control excessive drinking, patients were referred to a standard 12-step-based alcoholism treatment program, but most patients refused to attend. Accordingly, study follow-up procedures incorporated the essential features of the brief-intervention approach. An overall substantial and sustained reduction in drinking was observed. Hepatic histological and other findings are described in a companion article.

METHODS

Patients were randomized to receive daily three tablets of either polyenylphosphatidylcholine or placebo. Monthly follow-up visits included an extensive session with a medical nurse along with brief visits with a study physician (hepatologist or gastroenterologist). A detailed physical examination occurred every 6 months. In addition, telephone consultations with the nurse were readily available. All patients had a liver biopsy before entry; a repeat biopsy was scheduled at 24 and 48 months.

RESULTS

There was a striking decrease in average daily alcohol intake to approximately 2.5 drinks per day. This was sustained over the course of the trial, lasting from 2 to 6 years. The effect was similar both in early dropouts and long-term patients, i.e., those with a 24-month biopsy or beyond.

CONCLUSIONS

In a treatment trial of alcoholic liver fibrosis, a striking reduction in alcohol consumption from 16 to 2.5 daily drinks was achieved with a brief-intervention approach, which consisted of a relative economy of therapeutic efforts that relied mainly on treatment sessions with a medical nurse accompanied by shorter reinforcing visits with a physician. This approach deserves generalization to address the heavy drinking problems commonly encountered in primary care and medical specialty practices.

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