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Cortellazzo Wiel L, Spezzacatene A, Gortani G, Saccari A, Taddio A, Barbi E. Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis: Think of Hepatitis A Infection and Do Not Underestimate Pain. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022; 38:304-306. [PMID: 35477693 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 14-year-old adolescent girl presented with severe abdominal pain, tenderness, and guarding in the right upper quadrant associated with nonbilious vomiting, scleral icterus, and fever. Laboratory tests were consistent with acute hepatitis A virus-related cholestatic hepatitis. A point-of-care ultrasound showed mild gallbladder wall thickening with increased color Doppler flow and pericholecystic fluid collection, in the absence of gallstones or biliary ducts dilatation, thus suggesting acute acalculous cholecystitis. Both the clinical symptoms and the point-of-care ultrasound findings completely resolved within 1 week after admission with conservative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Spezzacatene
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Gortani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessia Saccari
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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2
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Greer M, Shetty AK, Zeller KA. Acute acalculous cholecystitis due to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2020.101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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3
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Poddighe D, Sazonov V. Acute acalculous cholecystitis in children. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4870-4879. [PMID: 30487697 PMCID: PMC6250923 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i43.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is the inflammatory disease of the gallbladder in the absence of gallstones. AAC is estimated to represent at least 50% to 70% of all cases of acute cholecystitis during childhood. Although this pathology was originally described in critically ill or post-surgical patients, most pediatric cases have been observed during several infectious diseases. In addition to cases caused by bacterial and parasitic infections, most pediatric reports after 2000 described children developing AAC during viral illnesses (such as Epstein-Barr virus and hepatitis A virus infections). Moreover, some pediatric cases have been associated with several underlying chronic diseases and, in particular, with immune-mediated disorders. Here, we review the epidemiological aspects of pediatric AAC, and we discuss etiology, pathophysiology and clinical management, according to the cases reported in the medical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Poddighe
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Vitaliy Sazonov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, UMC National Research Center for Mother and Child Health, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Acalculous Cholecystitis in a Pediatric Patient With Plasmodium Falciparum Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018; 37:e43-e45. [PMID: 28787387 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Malaria has been associated with acute acalculous cholecystitis, a very uncommon complication in children. We present a 5-year-old girl, originally from Equatorial-Guinea, diagnosed with severe malaria with acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia and acute acalculous cholecystitis. She was treated with intravenous quinine and clindamycin, plus cefotaxime and metronidazole with a full resolution without surgery.
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Reoyo Pascual JF, Cartón-Hernández C, Valero-Cerrato X, León-Miranda R, García Plata-Polo E, Martínez-Castro RM, Álvarez-Rico MÁ, Sánchez-Manuel FJ. Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis in falciparum malaria. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2017; 108:285-7. [PMID: 26181373 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2015.3768/2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a pathology caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, characteristic of tropical countries. The most frequent symptomatology includes cerebral malaria, jaundice, convulsive crisis, anemia, hypoglycemia, kidney failure and metabolic asidosis, among others. We are presenting the case of a patient diagnosed with malaria who suffered from acute necrotizing hemorrhagic pancreatitis and evolved poorly, as an example of this combination of symptoms, rarely found in our country.
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Barman B, Bhattacharya PK, Lynrah KG, Ete T, Issar NK. Acute Pancreatitis in a Patient with Complicated Falciparum Malaria. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:OD18-20. [PMID: 26894117 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17099.7151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most common protozoan diseases, especially in tropical countries. The clinical manifestation of malaria, especially falciparum malaria varies from mild acute febrile illness to life threatening severe systemic complications involving one or more organ systems. We would like to report a case of complicated falciparum malaria involving cerebral, renal, hepatic system along with acute pancreatitis. The patient was successfully treated with anti malarial and other supportive treatment. To the best of our knowledge there are very few reports of acute pancreatitis due to malaria. Falciparum malaria therefore should be added to the list of infectious agents causing acute pancreatitis especially in areas where malaria is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupen Barman
- Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS) , Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Bhattacharya
- Professor and HOD, Department of General Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS) , Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Kryshan G Lynrah
- Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS) , Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Tony Ete
- Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS) , Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Neel Kanth Issar
- Post Graduate Trainee, Department of General Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS) , Shillong, Meghalaya, India
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Poddighe D, Tresoldi M, Licari A, Marseglia GL. Acalculous Acute Cholecystitis in Previously Healthy Children: General Overview and Analysis of Pediatric Infectious Cases. Int J Hepatol 2015; 2015:459608. [PMID: 26640715 PMCID: PMC4658411 DOI: 10.1155/2015/459608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is an inflammation of the gallbladder, which does not appear to be associated with the presence of gallstones. AAC is estimated to represent more than 50% of cases of acute cholecystitis in the pediatric population. Although this pathology was initially described in critically ill patients, actually most pediatric cases have been observed during several infectious diseases. Particularly, here we reviewed pediatric infectious acute acalculous cholecystitis and analyzed the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of bacterial and viral forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Poddighe
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliera di Melegnano, Via Pandina 1, Vizzolo Predabissi, 20070 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Tresoldi
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale, Azienda Ospedaliera di Melegnano, Via Pandina 1, Vizzolo Predabissi, 20070 Milano, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Universita degli Studi di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Universita degli Studi di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Acute acalculous cholecystitis in malaria: a review of seven cases from an adult cohort. Infection 2013; 41:821-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Curley JM, Mody RM, Gasser RA. Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax complicated by acalculous cholecystitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 85:42-9. [PMID: 21734122 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first adult cases of acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) exclusively caused by infections with Plasmodium vivax. We reviewed the previous cases of AAC occurring during malaria, compared and contrasted the variables of previously reported cases with the cases reported here, examined the pathogenic link between malaria and AAC, and considered the diagnostic pitfalls and treatment implications as they applied to clinical outcomes in patients with this serious and potentially underrecognized illness.
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Khan FY, El-Hiday AH. Acute acalculous cholecystitis complicating an imported case of mixed malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 14 Suppl 3:e217-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Ruiz-Rebollo ML, Sánchez-Antolín G, García-Pajares F, Vallecillo-Sande MA, Fernández-Orcajo P, Velicia-Llames R, Caro-Patón A. Acalculous cholecystitis due to Salmonella enteritidis. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:6408-9. [PMID: 19009660 PMCID: PMC2766126 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.6408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is defined as an acute inflammation of the gallbladder in the absence of stones. We herein report a case of a young man who developed AAC after a Salmonella enteritidis gastrointestinal infection.
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Seshadri P, Dev AV, Viggeswarpu S, Sathyendra S, Peter JV. Acute pancreatitis and subdural haematoma in a patient with severe falciparum malaria: case report and review of literature. Malar J 2008; 7:97. [PMID: 18510778 PMCID: PMC2426706 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-7-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infection is known to be associated with a spectrum of systemic complications ranging from mild and self-limiting to life-threatening. This case report illustrates a patient who had a protracted course in hospital due to several rare complications of falciparum malaria. A 21-year old man presented with a five-day history of high-grade fever, jaundice and abdominal pain and a two-day history of altered conscious state. A diagnosis of severe falciparum malaria was made based on the clinical presentation and a positive blood smear with parasitaemia of 45%. Despite adequate anti-malarial therapy with artesunate, the patient had persistent and worsening abdominal pain. Investigations suggested a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, a rare association with falciparum malaria. However, in spite of supportive therapy for acute pancreatitis and a 10-day course of intravenous artesunate and oral doxycycline at recommended doses, he continued to be febrile with peripheral blood smear showing persistence of ring forms. Antimalarial therapy was, therefore, changed to quinine on the suspicion of possible artesunate resistance. On the 17th day of stay in hospital, the patient developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Computerized tomography of the brain showed bilateral fronto-parietal subdural haematomas that were surgically drained. His fever persisted beyond 30-days despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, quinine therapy and negative malarial smears. A possibility of drug fever was considered and all drugs were ceased. He subsequently became afebrile and was discharged on the 38th hospital admission day. Recognition of complications and appropriate management at each stage facilitated successful outcome. This report has been presented to highlight the occurrence of several rare complications of falciparum malaria in the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Seshadri
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore 632 004, India.
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