• Animals
• Sirtuin 1/metabolism
• Obesity/complications
• Obesity/metabolism
• Hypertension/etiology
• Hypertension/metabolism
• Cyclic AMP/metabolism
• Acetylation
• Rats
• Histones/metabolism
• Male
• Humans
• Diet, High-Fat
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley
• Signal Transduction

• Hypertension resolution
• Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
• Obesity
• Perirenal adipose tissue
• Perirenal fat area

• Humans
• Female
• Male
• Retrospective Studies
• Hypertension/surgery
• Hypertension/etiology
• Hypertension/diagnosis
• Hypertension/physiopathology
• Gastrectomy/methods
• Gastrectomy/adverse effects
• Laparoscopy/adverse effects
• Laparoscopy/methods
• Adult
• Middle Aged
• Risk Factors
• Treatment Outcome
• Intra-Abdominal Fat/diagnostic imaging
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Follow-Up Studies
• Obesity, Morbid/surgery
• Obesity, Morbid/complications
• Preoperative Period
• Kidney

• Na/K ratio
• body mass index
• middle-aged and older Japanese adults
• obesity prevention
• salt restriction

• Humans
• Middle Aged
• Male
• Female
• Aged
• Obesity/prevention & control
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Body Mass Index
• Japan/epidemiology
• Diet, Sodium-Restricted
• Adult
• Sodium Chloride, Dietary/administration & dosage
• Feeding Behavior
• Potassium, Dietary/administration & dosage
• Sodium, Dietary/administration & dosage
• Hypertension/prevention & control
• East Asian People

• Obesity prevalence
• Russia
• anthropometric index
• cardiometabolic disorder
• fat mass index
• waist-to-height ratio

• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Obesity/epidemiology
• Female
• Hypertension/epidemiology
• Adult
• Prevalence
• Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology
• Russia/epidemiology
• Aged
• Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology
• Body Mass Index
• Anthropometry
• Risk Factors

• Wellcome Trust

• preclinical research
• physiology

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Mauritius/epidemiology
• Adult
• Adiposity/physiology
• Black People/statistics & numerical data
• Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
• Cardiovascular Diseases/ethnology
• Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology
• Intra-Abdominal Fat
• Asian People/statistics & numerical data
• Young Adult
• Heart Disease Risk Factors
• India/ethnology
• India/epidemiology
• Sex Factors
• Risk Factors
• Body Mass Index
• African People
• North American People

• health care
• medical research
• risk factors

• Humans
• Aorta, Thoracic
• Calibration
• Early Detection of Cancer
• Hypertension/diagnostic imaging
• Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Nomograms

• central obesity
• semen quality
• sperm donation volunteers
• waist circumference
• waist-to-height ratio
• waist-to-hip ratio

• Humans
• Male
• Semen Analysis
• Semen
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Obesity, Abdominal
• Sperm Count
• Obesity
• Spermatozoa
• Volunteers
• China
• Sperm Motility

• 2021A1515011544 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
• KF201905 NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province

• anthropometric indices
• cohort study
• hypertension
• obesity
• risk factors

• Adult
• Humans
• Adiposity
• Cohort Studies
• Prospective Studies
• Risk Factors
• Waist Circumference
• Hypertension/epidemiology
• Hypertension/etiology
• Obesity/complications
• Body Mass Index
• Obesity, Abdominal/complications
• Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology
• China/epidemiology
• ROC Curve
• Lipids

• Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province

Hypertension is a public health issue touted as a “silent killer” worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the sex differential in the association of anthropometric measures including body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio with hypertension among older adults in India. The study used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) conducted during 2017–18. The sample contains 15,098 males and 16,366 females aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics (percentages) along with bivariate analysis were presented. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between the outcome variable (hypertension) and putative risk or protective factors. About 33.9% of males and 38.2% of females aged 60 years and above suffered from hypertension. After adjusting for the socioeconomic, demographic and health-behavioral factors, the odds of hypertension were 1.37 times (CI: 1.27–1.47), significantly higher among older adults who were obese or overweight than those with no overweight/obese condition. Older adults with high-risk waist circumference and waist-hip ratio had 1.16 times (CI: 1.08–1.25) and 1.42 times (CI: 1.32–1.51) higher odds of suffering from hypertension, respectively compared to their counterparts with no high-risk waist circumference or waist-hip ratio. The interaction effects showed that older females with overweight/obesity [OR: 0.84; CI: 0.61–0.74], high-risk waist circumference [OR: 0.89; CI: 0.78–0.99], and high-risk waist-hip ratio [OR: 0.90; CI: 0.83–0.97] had a lower chance of suffering from hypertension than their male counterparts with the similar anthropometric status. The findings suggested a larger magnitude of the association between obesity, high-risk waist circumference, high-risk waist-hip ratio and prevalent hypertension among older males than females. The study also highlights the importance of measuring obesity and central adiposity in older individuals and using such measures as screening tools for timely identification of hypertension.

• Mendelian randomization
• adiposity
• blood pressure
• genetics
• polymorphisms

• Adipose
• Blood pressure
• Chronic kidney disease
• Immune cells
• Leptin
• Melanocortins
• Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
• Sympathetic activity

• diabetes & endocrinology
• epidemiology
• hypertension
• nutrition
• public health

• Algorithms
• Body Mass Index
• China/epidemiology
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Hypertension/epidemiology
• Male
• Prospective Studies
• ROC Curve
• Risk Factors
• Waist Circumference

• National Key R&D Program of China
• National Natural Science Foundation of China

• Body mass index (BMI)
• Semen parameters
• Seminal leptin
• Serum leptin
• Serum reproductive hormones

• Adult
• Asian People
• Biomarkers/analysis
• Biomarkers/metabolism
• Body Mass Index
• China
• Cohort Studies
• Gonadal Steroid Hormones/blood
• Humans
• Infertility, Male/blood
• Infertility, Male/etiology
• Infertility, Male/physiopathology
• Leptin/blood
• Lipids/blood
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Obesity/blood
• Obesity/complications
• Obesity/physiopathology
• Risk Factors
• Semen Analysis
• Young Adult

• 81804092 National Natural Sciences Foundation of China
• LY19H270012 Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China
• GF20H270004 Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province
• 2018A38 Hangzhou Health Science and Technology Plan Project
• National Natural Sciences Foundation of China
• Hangzhou Health Science and Technology Plan Project

• Diabetes
• Hyperlipidemia
• Hypertension
• Native Americans
• Obesity

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data
• Environmental Pollutants/blood
• Humans
• Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
• Indians, North American/statistics & numerical data
• Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
• Middle Aged
• Pesticides
• Polychlorinated Biphenyls
• United States/ethnology
• Young Adult

• P42 ES004913 NIEHS NIH HHS

• Turner syndrome
• anthropometric indexes
• body composition
• cardiometabolic risk
• metabolic syndrome
• obesity
• overweight

The effect of adiposity on hypertension among Uyghur Chinese is not clear. This study aimed to compare the effect of BMI and its optimal cut-off value in identifying hypertension in Uyghur and Han adults in China.

By using a multistage stratified sampling method, 3072 Uyghur and 3195 Han adults underwent questionnaire interview, physical examination, and biochemical tests. Age- and sex-standardized prevalence of hypertension was calculated. Adjusted odds ratios for adiposity associated with hypertension were estimated. ROC analyses were used for assessing the ethnic and sex specific optimal BMI cut-off values in identifying hypertension.

Both in Uyghur and Han, increased BMI was consistent with the elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Although more Uyghur were overweight/obese, their standardized prevalence of hypertension (17.87%) was lower than that of Han (20.28%). Han adults had 1.42 times odds than Uyghur of hypertension. The adjusted ORs of overweight and obesity were 2.67 and 6.04 in Uyghur and 2.74 and 7.58 in Han. In male, the optimal cut-off values of BMI identifying hypertension in Uyghur and Han were 24.6 kg/m² and 24.9 kg/m² , respectively, but the correspond values in Uyghur and Han females were 27.2 kg/m² and 25.0 kg/m².

Adiposity had strong effect on hypertension, but this effect was less strong in Uyghur female than in Han female.

Anthropometric indices determine important risk factors for many chronic diseases. However, to date, no study has simultaneously analyzed the capabilities of trunk circumference and width indices to identify hypertension and type 2 diabetes in a large-scale screening study. The objectives of this study were to examine the associations of hypertension and - diabetes with circumference and width indices measured at the five identical positions (axillary, chest, rib, waist, and pelvic) and to compare the capabilities of circumference and width indices to identify the two diseases. Data were obtained from the Korean Health and Genome Epidemiology Study database. The associations and abilities of the circumference indices to identify diabetes were greater than those for hypertension. Overall, trunk circumference indices displayed stronger associations with and greater abilities to identify hypertension and diabetes than did trunk width indices at the five positions. In the comparative analysis between index pairs of circumference and width in patients with diabetes, significant differences were shown at all five positions and in the adjusted analysis of axillary, chest, rib, and pelvic positions. Therefore, width indices should not be used as an alternative indicator of type 2 diabetes in either men or women, except when measured at the waist.

Information on the predictors of future hypertension in Mauritians with prehypertension is scant. The aim of this study was to analyze the 5-year and 11-year risk of hypertension and its predictors in people with normotension and prehypertension at baseline in Mauritius in 1987. This was a retrospective cohort study of 883 men and 1194 women of Mauritian Indian and Mauritian Creole ethnicity, aged 25–74 years old, free of hypertension at baseline in 1987 with follow-up examinations in 1992 and 1998 using the same methodology. The main outcome was 5- and 11-year risk of hypertension. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The 5-year risk of hypertension was 5.4-times higher in people with prehypertension compared with normotensive individuals at baseline. The corresponding odds for prehypertensive people at baseline regarding 11-year hypertension risk was 3.39 (95% CI 2.67–4.29) in the adjusted logistic regression models. Being of Creole ethnicity (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.09–1.86) increased the 11-year odds of hypertension compared with the Indian population. It is of importance to screen for people with prehypertension and implement strategies to reduce their systolic blood pressure levels to the recommended levels of 120/80 mmHg. Special attention needs to be given to Mauritians of Creole ethnicity.

• Africa
• central obesity
• diastolic blood pressure
• ethnicity
• follow-up
• overweight
• risk prediction
• systolic blood pressure

Several diseases, such as obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes are frequently associated with metabolic abnormalities, high costs of healthcare and morbi-mortality; thus the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between out-of-clinic high blood pressure and chronic disease-associated adiposity indicators in practitioners of leisure physical activity.

A cross-sectional study with 414 subjects of both genders aged 24–65 years. Data were collected by trained interviewers in five public parks. Body Mass Index (BMI), triceps skinfold and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. Exercise training, smoking status, alcohol consumption and hypertension diagnosis were self-reported. Casual glycemia concentrations were collected and blood pressure was measured out-of-clinic once during the study. Participants with systolic ≥140 mmHg and diastolic ≥90 mmHg blood pressures were classified as high blood pressure. All analyses were adjusted for age and sex.

High-blood pressure was diagnosed in 31.4% (n = 130), but 34 (8.3%) from patients took medication anti-hypertensive and were previously hypertension diagnosed. Participants with high blood pressure had a higher BMI (25.66 vs. 26.87 kg/m²; p = 0.012), WC (90.92 vs. 95.02 cm; p = 0.001), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p <  0.0001) when compared to subjects with normal blood pressure. Logistic regression analysis revealed that overweight status assessed by BMI, triceps skinfold and WC increases the high blood pressure probability by approximately 1.61 (95 CI%: 1.06–2.45), 1.02 (95%CI: 1.01–1.05) and 1.61 (95%CI: 1.06–2.45), respectively.

Adiposity indicators are associated with high out-of-clinic blood pressure measured in practitioners of leisure physical activity.

• Adiposity
• Exercise
• Hypertension
• Metabolic diseases

• Hypertension
• adiposity
• body adiposity index
• cardiometabolic index
• epidemiology
• lipid accumulation product

Among Kazakh-Chinese population in Xinjiang province of China, prevalence of obesity and hypertension were 40.1% and 50.3% respectively, the highest across all ethnic groups residing in this pastureland. Despite this, there remained a dearth of information regarding the association between the anthropometric measures [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) etc.] and indicators for hypertension control [achieved levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), pulse pressure index (PPI), ankle-brachial index (ABI) etc.] among them.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Xinjiang to determine the distribution and inter-relationships of the anthropometric measures and indicators for achieved BP control as well as their predictors among hypertension patients of Kazakh-Chinese ethnicity. Out of 550 randomly selected patients, 516 completed the interview, anthropometry and BP assessments.

In the sample population, average SBP, DBP and PP were 156.26±24.40mmHg, 87.55±14.73mmHg and 68.71±19.39mmHg respectively. Bivariate analysis identified age, gender, education, duration of hypertension, WC and BMI being factors influencing the achieved levels of BP. Adjusted multiple linear regression models elicited positive associations of age (β^a = 0.152, p = 0.001) and duration of hypertension (β^a = 0.132, p = 0.003) with achieved level of SBP as well as BMI (β^a = 0.135, p = 0.002) with DBP. Age (β^a = 0.207, p<0.001) and WHtR (β^a = 0.304, p = 0.005) were positively and WC (β^a = -0.406, p<0.001) was negatively associated with PPI. Increasing age (β^a = -0.125, p = 0.005), female gender (β^a = -0.122, p = 0.005) and 5years’ duration of hypertension (β^a = -0.091, p<0.039) were negatively associated with ABI. After adjustment for socio-demographic variables, hypertensive patients with (reference = without) abdominal obesity had 93% (p = 0.013) higher odds of missing the target BP control.

Anthropometric measures and indicators for blood pressure control among Kazakh-Chinese patients were far beyond normal. Several anthropometric measures appeared useful for monitoring BP. Using them, regular screening and consequent targeted intervention were required urgently to control hypertension among Kazakh-Chinese.

• Adult
• Anthropometry
• Blood Pressure
• Body Mass Index
• China
• Ethnicity
• Female
• Humans
• Hypertension/epidemiology
• Hypertension/physiopathology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Obesity/epidemiology
• Obesity/physiopathology
• Risk Factors
• Waist Circumference
• Waist-Height Ratio
• Waist-Hip Ratio

• Fundamental Research Funds for the Central South University
• Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China

• a body shape index
• body mass index
• body roundness index
• hypertension
• waist circumference
• waist-to-hip ratio

• Body Weights and Measures
• China
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Feasibility Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Hypertension/diagnosis
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Rural Health

• R01 DK092374 NIDDK NIH HHS
• R01 DK100345 NIDDK NIH HHS

• Incidence
• isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH)
• isolated systolic hypertension (ISH)
• risk factors

Excess adiposity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Amongst the various measures of adiposity, the best one to help predict these risk factors remains contentious. A novel index of adiposity, the Body Adiposity Index (BAI) was proposed in 2011, and has not been extensively studied in all populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), Body Adiposity Index (BAI) and CVD risk factors in the local adult population.

This is a cross sectional study involving 1,891 subjects (Chinese 59.1% Malay 22.2%, Indian 18.7%), aged 21–74 years, based on an employee health screening (2012) undertaken at a hospital in Singapore. Anthropometric indices and CVD risk factor variables were measured, and Spearman correlation, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and multiple logistic regressions were used. BAI consistently had the lower correlation, area under ROC and odd ratio values when compared with BMI, WC and WHtR, although differences were often small with overlapping 95% confidence intervals. After adjusting for BMI, BAI did not further increase the odds of CVD risk factors, unlike WC and WHtR (for all except hypertension and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol). When subjects with the various CVD risk factors were grouped according to established cut-offs, a BMI of ≥23.0 kg/m² and/or WHtR ≥0.5 identified the highest proportion for all the CVD risk factors in both genders, even higher than a combination of BMI and WC.

BAI may function as a measure of overall adiposity but it is unlikely to be better than BMI. A combination of BMI and WHtR could have the best clinical utility in identifying patients with CVD risk factors in an adult population in Singapore.

• Body Composition
• Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
• Humans
• Risk Factors
• Singapore

• Hypertension
• Insulin resistance
• Metabolic syndrome
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Obesity
• Type 2 diabetes

“A Body Shape Index” (ABSI) is a recently proposed index that standardizes waist circumference for body mass index (BMI) and height. This study aims to: (a) examine if the ABSI scaling exponents for standardizing waist circumference for BMI and height are valid in middle-aged and older Indonesian population, and (b) compare the association between incident hypertension and ABSI and other anthropometric measures.

The Indonesian Family Life Survey Wave 3 measured anthropometric variables and blood pressure of 8255 adults aged between 40 to 85 years in 2000. The relationship between two anthropometric quantities, e.g. weight (w) and height (h), can be expressed as the power law-equivalent , where p = 2 is the scaling exponent in the derivation of the BMI and can be estimated by linear regression analysis. This was extended to the regression analysis of the log-transformed waist circumference, weight and height to establish the scaling exponents in the ABSI. The values for men were similar to those developed by the previous American study, which were 2/3 (BMI) and 1/2 (height). Those for women were somewhat smaller, at 3/5 (BMI) and 1/5 (height). The original (American) ABSI leads to mild negative correlation with BMI (−0.14) and height (−0.12) in the female population. Analysis of the development of hypertension between Waves 3 and 4 (average interval 7.5 years) in relation to ABSI measured at Wave 3 showed stronger association if the locally derived (Indonesian) scaling exponents were used. However, both versions of the ABSI were less associated with incident hypertension than waist circumference and BMI.

The values for the scaling exponents for ABSI are roughly similar between the American population and the middle-aged and older Indonesian population, although larger discrepancy was found in women. The ABSI is less associated with incident hypertension than waist circumference and BMI.

• BMI
• Exome chip
• FTO
• PheWAS
• genetic association
• pleiotropy

• U01 HG006385 NHGRI NIH HHS
• UL1 TR000445 NCATS NIH HHS
• U01 HG006375 NHGRI NIH HHS
• UL1 TR000427 NCATS NIH HHS
• R01 LM010685 NLM NIH HHS
• U01 HG006389 NHGRI NIH HHS
• 16FTF30130005 American Heart Association-American Stroke Association
• U01 HG006380 NHGRI NIH HHS
• U01 AG006781 NIA NIH HHS
• R01 GM105688 NIGMS NIH HHS
• U01 HG006379 NHGRI NIH HHS
• T32 GM007569 NIGMS NIH HHS
• T15 LM007450 NLM NIH HHS
• U01 HG006382 NHGRI NIH HHS
• U19 HL065962 NHLBI NIH HHS
• U01 HG006388 NHGRI NIH HHS
• U01 HG006378 NHGRI NIH HHS

This cross-sectional study aimed at determining the anthropometric predictors of hypertension among adults in Saudi Arabia. Multi-stage stratified sampling was used to select 4758 adult participants. The average of three blood pressure measurements using an automatic sphygmomanometer was considered the real blood pressure. Anthropometric measurements and socio-demographics were obtained from participants. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 25.5%. Hypertension was significantly positively associated with selected anthropometric measurements. Selected anthropometric measures were significant predictors of systolic and diastolic blood pressures except for hip measurements. Waist for height ratio was a significant predictor for isolated diastolic hypertension and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension. Waist circumference was the significant predictor for isolated systolic hypertension. Body mass index was a significant predictor for the combined systolic diastolic type. Waist for Hip Ratio was not a significant predictor for any of the hypertension subtypes.

Conclusion: Waist for height ratio is the most important predictor for blood pressure level and hypertension disease.

• Adults
• Anthropometrics
• Hypertension
• Predictors
• Saudi Arabia

• Abdominal fat
• Anthropometry
• Antropometría
• Body mass index
• Circunferencia de cintura
• Grasa abdominal
• Metabolic syndrome
• Síndrome metabólico
• Waist circumference
• Waist-to-height ratio
• Índice cintura/altura
• Índice de masa corporal

• Abdominal Fat
• Adult
• Anthropometry/methods
• Body Height
• Body Mass Index
• Body Weight
• Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis
• Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
• Female
• Humans
• Insulin Resistance
• Male
• Metabolic Syndrome/complications
• Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis
• Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
• Middle Aged
• Prevalence
• ROC Curve
• Risk Factors
• Spain/epidemiology
• Waist Circumference

• Body mass index
• Correlation
• Hormones
• Primary infertility
• Secondary infertility
• Waist hip ratio

The ability of different obesity indices to predict cardiovascular risk is still debated in youth and few data are available in sub Saharan Africa. We compared the associations between several indices of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in late adolescence in the Seychelles.

We measured body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist/hip ratio (WHiR), waist/height ratio (WHtR) and percent fat mass (by bioimpedance) and 6 CVRFs (blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose and uric acid) in 423 youths aged 19–20 years from the general population.

The prevalence of overweight/obesity and several CVRFs was high, with substantial sex differences. Except for glucose in males and LDL-cholesterol in females, all obesity indices were associated with CVRFs. BMI consistently predicted CVRFs at least as well as the other indices. Linear regression on BMI had standardized regression coefficients of 0.25-0.36 for most CVRFs (p<0.01) and ROC analysis had an AUC between 60%-75% for most CVRFs. BMI also predicted well various combinations of CVRFs: 36% of male and 16% of female lean subjects (BMI <P50) had ≥2 CVRFs compared to 74% of male and 46% of female overweight subjects (BMI >P90).

There was an elevated prevalence of obesity and of several CVRFs in youths in Seychelles. BMI predicted single or combined CVRFs at least as well as other simple obesity indices.