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Yamamori Y, Shirai R, Ohkura K, Nagamune H, Tomoyasu T, Tabata A. Streptolysin S induces proinflammatory cytokine expression in calcium ion-influx-dependent manner. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2024; 7:100265. [PMID: 39211836 PMCID: PMC11359966 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Anginosus group streptococci (AGS) are opportunistic pathogens that reside in the human oral cavity. The β-hemolytic strains of Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus (SAA) produce streptolysin S (SLS), a streptococcal peptide hemolysin. In recent clinical scenarios, AGS, including this species, have frequently been isolated from infections and disorders beyond those in the oral cavity. Consequently, investigating this situation will reveal the potential pathogenicity of AGS to ectopic infections in humans. However, the precise mechanism underlying the cellular response induced by secreted SLS and its relevance to the pathogenicity of AGS strains remain largely unknown. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism underlying the host cellular response of the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 to secreted SLS. In THP-1 cells incubated with the culture supernatant of β-hemolytic SAA containing SLS as the sole cytotoxic factor, increased Ca2+ influx and elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines were observed. Significantly reduced expression of SLS-dependent upregulated cytokine genes under Ca2+-chelating conditions suggests that Ca2+ influx triggers SLS-dependent cellular responses. Furthermore, SLS-dependent enhanced expression of IL-8 was also implicated in the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. The findings presented in this study are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the real pathogenicity of SLS-producing β-hemolytic AGS in the latest clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Yamamori
- Division of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Rina Shirai
- Division of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ohkura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagamune
- Division of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tomoyasu
- Division of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tabata
- Division of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-1 Minamijousanjima-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
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Mousavimaleki A, Amr B, Taherzadeh M, Rokhgireh S, Setaredan SA, Kermansaravi M. Post-Bariatric Splenic Complications; Diagnosis and Treatment. A Systematic Review. Obes Surg 2022; 32:3125-3137. [PMID: 35778627 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review intends to evaluate incidence and symptoms of post-bariatric splenic complications as well as best available modalities establishing the diagnosis and management protocols. A systematic literature search was performed in electronic database until March 2022. A total of 41 articles were included on the subject of splenic complications following bariatric/metabolic surgery (BMS). Splenic abscess was the most common splenic complications (44.2%) after BMS and leak was the most common reported etiology of the splenic abscess. Fever and abdominal pain were the most common presenting symptom in all splenic complications and CT scan was the most common diagnostic modality. Splenic complications after BMS are relatively rare but may lead to dangerous consequences. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent potentially life-threatening outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mousavimaleki
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Rasool-E Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bassem Amr
- Taunton and Somerset Foundation Trust, Taunton, UK
| | - Mahsa Taherzadeh
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Rasool-E Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rokhgireh
- Endometriosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amin Setaredan
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Rasool-E Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kermansaravi
- Department of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Rasool-e Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran. .,Center of Excellence of European Branch of International Federation for Surgery of Obesity, Hazrat-e Rasool Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
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A rare complication of pyogenic hepatic abscess after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy-case report and literature review emphasizing the role of imaging. Clin Imaging 2021; 81:143-146. [PMID: 34717236 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A pyogenic hepatic abscess is an uncommon complication after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) that can develop secondary to an infected hematoma or a staple line leak due to bacterial seeding. Appropriate screening for and management of a pyogenic hepatic abscess are essential in patients with clinical suspicion for complications after LSG. Early diagnosis is essential as pyogenic hepatic abscess can be fatal if not treated early. Only five cases have been reported in the literature so far. We present a case of pyogenic hepatic abscess that occurred two weeks after LSG in a 46-year-old female without immunosuppressive conditions or early postoperative leak. The abscess was diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) and was successfully treated with antibiotics and CT-guided drainage.
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Batayyah E, Yaseen W, Alshareef F. Splenic abscess after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. A rare complication-case report and literature review. J Surg Case Rep 2021; 2021:rjab042. [PMID: 33959250 PMCID: PMC8084437 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is currently a stand-alone bariatric procedure with a low complication profile. A rare complication of leak following sleeve gastrectomy was reported in this study. Its rareness and nonspecific clinical presentation could make the diagnosis difficult and could be easily confused with leak and subdiaphragmatic abscess. A 22-year-old Saudi female with body mass index 41 underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in 2017, presented 18 months later to emergency department complaining of fever and abdominal pain for 3 months prior to presentation. Computed tomography of abdomen revealed a large splenic abscess, upper gastrointestinal studies were unremarkable. Patient was taken for laparoscopic exploration with finding of splenic abscess and gastric fistula, splenectomy and clipping of fistula was performed. The management of splenic abscess remains controversial. Splenectomy and antibiotics have generally been the definitive treatment particularly with large multilobulated collection. Familiarity with the rare complications as splenic abscess will allow for a prompt diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam Batayyah
- General Surgery Department, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waed Yaseen
- General Surgery Department, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alshareef
- General Surgery Department, Asser Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Wu H, Zheng R. Splenic abscess caused by Streptococcus anginosus bacteremia secondary to urinary tract infection: a case report and literature review. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:997-1002. [PMID: 33336055 PMCID: PMC7718612 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ abscesses caused by Streptococcus anginosus are relatively rare. We report the case of an elderly woman with splenic abscess caused by S. anginosus bacteremia after urinary tract infection. An 82-year-old woman had a history of frequency of urination, urgency, and fever with chills for over 10 days prior to admission. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan performed in the emergency room revealed a low-density lesion in the spleen, kidney cysts, some exudation around the kidney, and cystitis should be valued. She was treated with ceftriaxone and imipenem/cilastatin. After admission, the blood culture yielded positive results for S. anginosus. A contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan showed that the low-density lesion previously found in the spleen was smaller than before. After percutaneous drainage of the splenic abscess and treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam based on the antibiotic sensitivity pattern, repeated abdominal CT scan revealed a significant reduction in the low-density lesion. The patient was discharged without recurrence or complications. A systematic review of organ abscess caused by S. anginosus bacteremia was performed. To our knowledge, there has been no report of splenic abscess caused by S. anginosus bacteremia secondary to urinary system tract infection, although urinary tract infections are also an important source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
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Splenic Abscess after Sleeve Gastrectomy. Case Rep Med 2020; 2020:4850675. [PMID: 32328107 PMCID: PMC7174958 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4850675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Splenic abscess is a very rare complication of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Clinical presentation includes fever, leucocystosis, and abdominal pain. CT SCAN is a must for diagnosis. The preferred treatment is either conservative, with intravenous antibiotics and percutaneous drainage, or splenectomy. We report the thirteen case of a splenic abscess after LSG. In our patient, the abscess occurred three weeks after LSG in a 21-year-old man, and it was successfully treated conservatively.
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Tabata A, Yamada T, Ohtani H, Ohkura K, Tomoyasu T, Nagamune H. β-Hemolytic Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus causes streptolysin S-dependent cytotoxicity to human cell culture lines in vitro. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1609839. [PMID: 31105901 PMCID: PMC6508071 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1609839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus (SAA) is one of the opportunistic pathogens in humans that inhabits the oral cavity. The type strain of SAA, NCTC10713T, showed clear β-hemolysis on blood agar plates, and the sole β-hemolytic factor revealed two streptolysin S (SLS) molecules. SLS is well known as the peptide hemolysin produced from the human pathogen S. pyogenes and shows not only hemolytic activity on erythrocytes but also cytotoxic activity in cell culture lines in vitro and in vivo, such as in a mouse infection model. However, no cytotoxic activity of SLS produced from β-hemolytic SAA (β-SAA) has been reported so far. Objective and Design: In this study, the SLS-dependent cytotoxicity of the β-SAA strains including the genetically modified strains was investigated in vitro. Results: The SLS-producing β-SAA showed cytotoxicity in human cell culture lines under the co-cultivation condition and it was found that this cytotoxicity was caused by the SLS secreted into the extracellular milieu. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that the SLS produced from β-SAA might indicate the cytotoxic potential similar to that of the SLS from S. pyogenes and the SLS-producing β-SAA would be recognized as “a wolf in sheep’s clothing” More attention will be paid to the pathogenicity of β-hemolytic Anginosus group streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tabata
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ohtani
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ohkura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tomoyasu
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagamune
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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