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Blanco-Domínguez R, Sánchez-Díaz R, de la Fuente H, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Matesanz-Marín A, Relaño M, Jiménez-Alejandre R, Linillos-Pradillo B, Tsilingiri K, Martín-Mariscal ML, Alonso-Herranz L, Moreno G, Martín-Asenjo R, García-Guimaraes MM, Bruno KA, Dauden E, González-Álvaro I, Villar-Guimerans LM, Martínez-León A, Salvador-Garicano AM, Michelhaugh SA, Ibrahim NE, Januzzi JL, Kottwitz J, Iliceto S, Plebani M, Basso C, Baritussio A, Seguso M, Marcolongo R, Ricote M, Fairweather D, Bueno H, Fernández-Friera L, Alfonso F, Caforio ALP, Pascual-Figal DA, Heidecker B, Lüscher TF, Das S, Fuster V, Ibáñez B, Sánchez-Madrid F, Martín P. A Novel Circulating MicroRNA for the Detection of Acute Myocarditis. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:2014-2027. [PMID: 34042389 PMCID: PMC8258773 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2003608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of acute myocarditis typically requires either endomyocardial biopsy (which is invasive) or cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (which is not universally available). Additional approaches to diagnosis are desirable. We sought to identify a novel microRNA for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis. METHODS To identify a microRNA specific for myocarditis, we performed microRNA microarray analyses and quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) assays in sorted CD4+ T cells and type 17 helper T (Th17) cells after inducing experimental autoimmune myocarditis or myocardial infarction in mice. We also performed qPCR in samples from coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis in mice. We then identified the human homologue for this microRNA and compared its expression in plasma obtained from patients with acute myocarditis with the expression in various controls. RESULTS We confirmed that Th17 cells, which are characterized by the production of interleukin-17, are a characteristic feature of myocardial injury in the acute phase of myocarditis. The microRNA mmu-miR-721 was synthesized by Th17 cells and was present in the plasma of mice with acute autoimmune or viral myocarditis but not in those with acute myocardial infarction. The human homologue, designated hsa-miR-Chr8:96, was identified in four independent cohorts of patients with myocarditis. The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve for this novel microRNA for distinguishing patients with acute myocarditis from those with myocardial infarction was 0.927 (95% confidence interval, 0.879 to 0.975). The microRNA retained its diagnostic value in models after adjustment for age, sex, ejection fraction, and serum troponin level. CONCLUSIONS After identifying a novel microRNA in mice and humans with myocarditis, we found that the human homologue (hsa-miR-Chr8:96) could be used to distinguish patients with myocarditis from those with myocardial infarction. (Funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Blanco-Domínguez
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Díaz
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Adela Matesanz-Marín
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Marta Relaño
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Rosa Jiménez-Alejandre
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Beatriz Linillos-Pradillo
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Katerina Tsilingiri
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - María L Martín-Mariscal
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Laura Alonso-Herranz
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Guillermo Moreno
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Roberto Martín-Asenjo
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Marcos M García-Guimaraes
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Katelyn A Bruno
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Esteban Dauden
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Isidoro González-Álvaro
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Luisa M Villar-Guimerans
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Amaia Martínez-León
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Ane M Salvador-Garicano
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Sam A Michelhaugh
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Nasrien E Ibrahim
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - James L Januzzi
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Jan Kottwitz
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Sabino Iliceto
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Mario Plebani
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Cristina Basso
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Anna Baritussio
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Mara Seguso
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Renzo Marcolongo
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Mercedes Ricote
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Héctor Bueno
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Fernando Alfonso
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Alida L P Caforio
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Domingo A Pascual-Figal
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Bettina Heidecker
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Saumya Das
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Valentín Fuster
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
| | - Pilar Martín
- From the Vascular Pathophysiology Area (R.B.-D., R.S.-D., A.M.-M., M. Relaño, R.J.-A., B.L.-P., K.T., D.A.P.-F., V.F., F.S.-M., P.M.) and the Myocardial Pathophysiology Area (L.A.-H., M. Ricote, H.B., L.F.-F., B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), the Department of Immunology (H.F., F.S.-M.), the Department of Cardiology (L.J.J.-B., M.M.G.-G., F.A.), the Department of Dermatology (E.D.), and the Department of Rheumatology (I.G.-A.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (M.L.M.-M., B.I.), the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (G.M., R.M.-A., H.B.), the Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (L.M.V.-G.), HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (L.F.-F.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (R.S.-D., H.F., L.J.J.-B., F.A., D.A.P.-F., B.I., F.S.-M., P.M.), Madrid, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo (A.M.-L.), and the Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia (D.A.P.-F.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (K.A.B., D.F.); the Cardiovascular Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.M.S.-G., S.A.M., N.E.I., J.L.J., S.D.); Kanntonsspital St. Gallen Klinik für Anesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, St. Gallen, Switzerland (J.K.); Cardiology (S.I., A.B., A.L.P.C.) and the Cardiovascular Pathology Unit (C.B.), the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, the Department of Laboratory Medicine (M.P., M.S.), and the Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology (R.M.), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin (B.H.); Imperial College and Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London (T.F.L.); and the Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (V.F.)
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