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Zhang X, Yang L, Cai T, Liao H, Cai P, Zhao X, Gu N, Yue Z, Gu Y, Zhang F, Wu C, Lu X. The natural symbiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecalis LX10 drives Bombyx mori refractoriness to Nosema bombycis infection via the secretion of enterococcin. BMC Microbiol 2025; 25:303. [PMID: 40382556 PMCID: PMC12084927 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-025-03980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microsporidian Nosema bombycis is an obligate intracellular fungal-related parasites of the Bombyx mori, causing the epidemic disease Pebrine and extensive economic losses in the agricultural and sericulture industry. Enterococcus has emerged as one of the predominant gut microorganisms of the major model organism, Bombyx mori. However, the potential interactions mechanism between B. mori, N. bombycis and Enterococcus have not been well demonstrated. METHODS To address this gap, we used an insect model, silkworm to examine the potential mechanism of the natural symbiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecalis LX10 drives B. mori refractoriness to N. bombycis infection. E. faecalis LX10 was isolated from the gut of healthy silkworms, and its inhibitory activity against N. bombycis was evaluated at both the cellular and individual levels using posttranslational modifications, gene and protein expression analysis, transfected cells, and in vitro immunofluorescence. RESULTS We demonstrated that enterococcin (EntLX), the first antimicrobial protein family in gut commensal bacterium Enterococcus faecalis LX10 of B. mori, contributes to defending against N. bombycis infection resistance depends on the enzyme gelatinase (GelE), disulfide bond and disulfide bond formation proteinA (DsbA). The EntLX protein, abundantly expressed in transgenic BmN cells and gut organs(gut epithelium, peritrophic membrane and contents), can reduce the infection rate of cells and alleviate intestinal damage caused by N. bombycis infection. After simultaneous vaccination with E. faecalis LX10 and N. bombycis, the differentially key metabolites, physiological characteristics(larval mass), or economic traits(cocoon length, cocoon width, whole-cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, pupation rate and adult emergence rate) showed a certain degrees of recovery and correction compared with those of single N. bombycis inoculation at the individual level. CONCLUSIONS This study advances the understanding of the anti-microsporidia activity of enterococci and paves the way for the expression of these molecules as antifungal agents via the genetic transformation of Enterococcus symbionts from disease-transmitting insects. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancui Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Sericulture, Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou, 313002, China
| | - Tong Cai
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Haoran Liao
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Peiwen Cai
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Xinkuang Zhao
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Nengjie Gu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Zihan Yue
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Yanzhou Gu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Choufei Wu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China.
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Sepehr A, Miri ST, Aghamohammad S, Rahimirad N, Milani M, Pourshafie MR, Rohani M. Health benefits, antimicrobial activities, and potential applications of probiotics: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e32412. [PMID: 39969286 PMCID: PMC11688011 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and its metabolic activities can influence the physiology and pathology of the human body. It is well established that alterations in the balance of living microbiota can contribute to various health problems, such as inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmune disorders. Probiotics administered in sufficient quantities as functional food ingredients provide health benefits to hosts. They help to maintain the stability and composition of the gut microbiota and provide resistance to infection by pathogens. The most important probiotic bacteria are Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria spp., which protect the intestine through various mechanisms such as the production of organic acids and bacteriocins. Scientific and clinical research has demonstrated that probiotics play a role in modulating immune response and preventing cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. This article summarizes the potential health benefits, antimicrobial activities, and purposes for which probiotics can be used as functional foods to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Sepehr
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tina Miri
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nazanin Rahimirad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Milani
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Rohani
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Rahman MM, Siddique N, Hasnat S, Rahman MT, Rahman M, Alam M, Das ZC, Islam T, Hoque MN. Genomic insights into the probiotic potential and genes linked to gallic acid metabolism in Pediococcus pentosaceus MBBL6 isolated from healthy cow milk. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0316270. [PMID: 39724288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediococcus pentosaceus is well known for its probiotic properties, including roles in improving health, antimicrobial production, and enhancing fermented food quality. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the whole genome of P. pentosaceus MBBL6, isolated from healthy cow milk, to assess its probiotic and antimicrobial potentials. P. pentosaceus MBBL6, isolated from a healthy cow milk at BSMRAU dairy farm, Gazipur, Bangladesh, underwent comprehensive genomic analysis, including whole genome sequencing, assembly, annotation, phylogenetic comparison, and assessment of metabolic pathways and secondary metabolites. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated through in-vitro and in-vivo studies, alongside in-silico exploration for potential mastitis therapy. We predicted 1,906 genes and 204 SEED sub-systems involved in carbohydrate metabolism and vitamin B complex biosynthesis, with a focus on lactose metabolism in MMBL6. Notably, 43 putative carbohydrate-active enzyme genes, including lysozymes, suggest the ability of MBBL6 for carbohydrate biotransformation and antimicrobial activity. The genome also revealed primary metabolic pathways for arginine and gallic acid metabolism and secondary metabolite gene clusters, including T3PKS and RiPP-like regions. Importantly, two bacteriocin biosynthesis gene clusters namely bovicin_255_variant and penocin_A, were identified in MBBL6. The safety assessment of MBBL6 genome revealed no virulence genes and a low pathogenicity score (0.196 out of 1.0). Several genes related to survival in gastrointestinal tract and colonization were also identified. Furthermore, MBBL6 exhibited susceptibility to a wide range of antibiotics in-vitro, and effectively suppressed mastitis pathogens in an in-vivo mouse mastitis model trial. The observed bacteriocin, particularly bovicin, demonstrated the ability to disrupt the function of an essential protein, Rho factor of mastitis pathogens by blocking transcription termination process. Taken together, our in-depth genomic analysis underscores the metabolic versatility, safety profile, and antimicrobial potential of P. pentosaceus MBBL6, suggesting its promise for applications in therapeutics, bioremediation, and biopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Morshedur Rahman
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Naim Siddique
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Soharth Hasnat
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tanvir Rahman
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- iccdr'b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Munirul Alam
- iccdr'b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ziban Chandra Das
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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Zhang G, Song B, Pan X, Keerqin C, Hamada O, Song Z. Macleaya cordata extract improves egg quality by altering gut health and microbiota in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104394. [PMID: 39442200 PMCID: PMC11538866 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) on the performance, gut health, and microbiota of laying hens. A total of 192 thirty-wk-old Hyline brown laying hens were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups. The CON group received a basal diet, while the low (MCE250), medium (MCE350), and high (MCE450) dose groups were supplemented with 250, 350, and 450 mg/kg MCE, respectively. The egg weight and Haugh unit demonstrated a linear and quadratic increase with the MCE dose during the initial 4-wk period of the experiment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the dietary supplementation of MCE led to a significant enhancement in eggshell thickness and Haugh unit at wk 8 and the data showed a statistically significant linear and quadratic increase (P < 0.05). Serum cytokine assay showed that dietary supplementation of MCE led to linear and quadratic increases in IL-4 and IL-10 level (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 350 and 450 mg/kg MCE was observed to result in linear and quadratic increase in serum lysozyme levels (P < 0.05). The addition of MCE to the diet resulted in a linear and quadratic increase in the levels of sIgA in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). In terms of gene expression, the addition of MCE to the diet resulted in linear and quadratic increases in the expression of IL-10, IgA, Serpinb14, Serpinb14B, and OIH (P < 0.05). The expression of jejunal genes pIgR and IL-4 was observed to increase in a linear and quadratic manner, respectively, following the dietary addition of 350 mg/kg MCE and IL-1β decreased in a linear manner (P < 0.05). Moreover, these favorable effects were maximized at medium dosage (350 mg/kg) of MCE addition, and intestinal microbial composition in the control and MCE350 groups was assessed. 350 mg/kg MCE increased the relative abundance of Bryobacter and Parasutterella and decreased the relative abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium in the cecum (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that Bryobacter, Parasutterella, Skermanella, and Erysipelatoclostridium were associated with nonspecific immune functions (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 350 mg/kg MCE supplementation elevated the immune response, and upregulated the expression of genes related to protein production in eggs, thereby improving egg quality. These effects may be associated with changes in the microbiota, specifically Bryobacter, Parasutterella, and Erysipelatoclostridium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Efficient Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 50017, China
| | - Bochen Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Efficient Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Efficient Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chake Keerqin
- Phytobiotics (Jiangsu) Biotech Co. Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213200, China
| | - Okasha Hamada
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Efficient Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Zhigang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Efficient Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
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Wilson SM, Swanson KS. The influence of 'biotics' on the gut microbiome of dogs and cats. Vet Rec 2024; 195:2-12. [PMID: 39545542 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
A global rise in pet ownership and an increasing tendency towards the humanisation of pets have resulted in a greater focus on improving animal health and longevity. These developments coincide with the increased recognition of the role of the gut microbiome in animal health. The gut microbiome has been shown to play a prominent role in gastrointestinal health, and it is becoming increasingly clear that these health benefits extend beyond the gut and into different physiological systems, such as the immune system. Dietary supplementation with products known as 'biotics', which include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics, is a strategy used to modify the gut microbiome and promote host health. Although biotics have been successfully used in companion animals, questions remain regarding appropriate biotic selection, mechanisms of action, optimum inclusion levels and safety. This review aims to summarise the effects of biotics on the gut microbiome of dogs and cats and assess their potential role in supporting gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M Wilson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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6
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Chaudhari DN, Ahire JJ, Devkatte AN, Kulthe AA. Complete Genome Sequence and Probiotic Characterization of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Indicus DC-3 Isolated from Traditional Indigenous Fermented Milk. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10385-2. [PMID: 39417972 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus DC-3 was isolated from Indian traditional indigenous fermented milk Dahi and identified using whole genome sequencing. The safety of the strain was evaluated using genetic and phenotypic analyses, such as the presence of virulence factors, mobile and insertion elements, plasmids, antibiotic resistance, etc. Besides this, the strain was comprehensively investigated for in vitro probiotic traits, biofilm formation, antibacterials, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. In results, the strain showed a single circular chromosome (3,145,837 bp) with a GC content of 56.73%, a higher number of accessory and unique genes, an open pan-genome, and the absence of mobile and insertion elements, plasmids, virulence, and transmissible antibiotic resistance genes. The strain was capable of surviving in gastric juice (83% viability at 3 h) and intestinal juice (71% viability at 6 h) and showed 42.5% autoaggregation, adhesion to mucin, 8.7% adhesion to xylene, and 8.3% adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The γ-hemolytic nature, usual antibiotic susceptibility profile, and negative results for mucin and gelatin degradation ensure the safety of the strain. The strain produced 10.5 g/L of D-lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, capable of inhibiting and co-aggregating Escherichia coli MTCC 1687, Proteus mirabilis MTCC 425, and Candida albicans ATCC 14,053. In addition, the strain showed 90 mg/L EPS (48 h) and biofilm formation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that L. delbrueckii subsp. indicus DC-3 is unique and different than previously reported L. delbrueckii subsp. indicus strains and is a safe potential probiotic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayesh J Ahire
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited, Hyderabad, 500016, India.
| | | | - Amit A Kulthe
- MIT School of Food Technology, MIT-ADT University, Pune, 412201, India
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7
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Li Q, Yin P, Wang H, Yu L, Liu S, Song S, Xiong B, Bi Y, Wang L. Comparative evaluation of fermented ginseng on alleviating antibiotic-associated diarrhea in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2845-2856. [PMID: 39184984 PMCID: PMC11339000 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) was a common side effect of antibiotics, and fermented ginseng exhibited potential in treating AAD. In this study, the effects of fermented red, white, and black ginseng on AAD were investigated, with a focus on intestinal flora and inflammation. Clindamycin was used to induce AAD in mice, which caused severe diarrhea and weight loss. However, treatment with fermented ginseng effectively alleviated diarrhea, and reduced inflammation in colonic serosal tissue, thereby mitigating antibiotic-induced intestinal tissue damage. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that clindamycin disrupted the Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio (P < 0.001), which was reversed by fermented ginseng treatment. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after clindamycin treatment but returned to normal levels following fermented ginseng treatment. In conclusion, fermented red, white, or black ginseng (at a dosage of 0.5 g/kg) exhibited efficacy against AAD in mice, reinstating gut flora balance and easing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Pei Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Heyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Shixin Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Boyu Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Yunfeng Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Lina Wang
- Jilin Medical University, Changchun, 132013 China
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García-Vicente EJ, Rey-Casero I, Martín M, Pérez A, Benito-Murcia M, Risco D. Oral supplementation with postbiotics modulates the immune response produced by myxomatosis vaccination in wild rabbits. Vaccine 2024; 42:125978. [PMID: 38760270 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are vitally important species in the Iberian Peninsula ecosystem. However, since 1950, there has been a significant population decline, with major repercussions. This situation is mainly due to the presence of infectious diseases, such as myxomatosis, which is expanding and is characterized by severe and fatal clinical manifestations. Current control measures, mainly those based on vaccinations, are ineffective. Therefore, new strategies need to be developed and implemented. This study aimed to evaluate whether supplementation with postbiotic products modulates the immune response in wild rabbits vaccinated against myxomatosis. For this purpose, two groups of rabbits were established: a control group fed with standard feed ad libitum from weaning (28 days) until two months of age, and a treated group, which was fed under the same conditions but supplemented with postbiotics (3 kg/Tm). All the studied rabbits were vaccinated against this disease during weaning. In addition, a blood samples were obtained from all animals immediately before vaccination and 30 days later, which allowed us to evaluate the level of antibodies against myxomatosis virus (ELISA detection) and the relative expression of gene encoding to cytokines related to the immune response (IL6, TNFα and IFNγ), at both times of the experience. Weight and length measurements were also taken at both times to calculate body index and mean daily gain (MDG). No statistically significant differences in growth parameters were observed. There were also no differences in the serological response among groups. However, a relative underexpression of gene codifying to TNFα (p-value = 0.03683) and a higher expression on IFNγ (p-value = 0.045) were observed in the treated group. This modulation in cytokines could lead to less severe lesions in wild rabbit naturally infected with myxomatosis virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J García-Vicente
- Department of Animal Medicine, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; Neobeitar S.L., Av. Alemania 6, 1° B, 10001, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - I Rey-Casero
- Neobeitar S.L., Av. Alemania 6, 1° B, 10001, Cáceres, Spain
| | - M Martín
- Neobeitar S.L., Av. Alemania 6, 1° B, 10001, Cáceres, Spain
| | - A Pérez
- Neobeitar S.L., Av. Alemania 6, 1° B, 10001, Cáceres, Spain
| | - M Benito-Murcia
- Neobeitar S.L., Av. Alemania 6, 1° B, 10001, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - D Risco
- Department of Animal Medicine, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
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Sempach L, Doll JPK, Limbach V, Marzetta F, Schaub AC, Schneider E, Kettelhack C, Mählmann L, Schweinfurth-Keck N, Ibberson M, Lang UE, Schmidt A. Examining immune-inflammatory mechanisms of probiotic supplementation in depression: secondary findings from a randomized clinical trial. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:305. [PMID: 39048549 PMCID: PMC11269721 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently indicated that four-week probiotic supplementation significantly reduced depression along with microbial and neural changes in people with depression. Here we further elucidated the biological modes of action underlying the beneficial clinical effects of probiotics by focusing on immune-inflammatory processes. The analysis included a total of N = 43 participants with depression, from which N = 19 received the probiotic supplement and N = 24 received a placebo over four weeks, in addition to treatment as usual. Blood and saliva were collected at baseline, at post-intervention (week 4) and follow-up (week 8) to assess immune-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, MIF), gut-related hormones (ghrelin, leptin), and a stress marker (cortisol). Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses were conducted to identify differentially expressed genes. Finally, we analyzed the associations between probiotic-induced clinical and immune-inflammatory changes. We observed a significant group x time interaction for the gut hormone ghrelin, indicative of an increase in the probiotics group. Additionally, the increase in ghrelin was correlated with the decrease in depressive symptoms in the probiotics group. Transcriptomic analyses identified 51 up- and 57 down-regulated genes, which were involved in functional pathways related to enhanced immune activity. We identified a probiotic-dependent upregulation of the genes ELANE, DEFA4 and OLFM4 associated to immune activation and ghrelin concentration. These results underscore the potential of probiotic supplementation to produce biological meaningful changes in immune activation in patients with depression. Further large-scale mechanistic trials are warranted to validate and extend our understanding of immune-inflammatory measures as potential biomarkers for stratification and treatment response in depression. Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov , identifier: NCT02957591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Sempach
- Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jessica P K Doll
- Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Verena Limbach
- Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Marzetta
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Chiara Schaub
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Else Schneider
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Experimental Cognitive and Clinical Affective Neuroscience (ECAN) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Kettelhack
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mählmann
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Schmidt
- Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Fang T, Liu S. Metal-Phenolic Network Directed Coating of Single Probiotic Cell Followed by Photoinitiated Thiol-Ene Click Fortification to Enhance Oral Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308146. [PMID: 38054771 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics-based oral therapy has become a promising way to prevent and treat various diseases, while the application of probiotics is primarily restricted by loss of viability due to adverse conditions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract during oral delivery. Layer-by-layer (LbL) single-cell encapsulation approaches are widely employed to improve the bioavailability of probiotics. However, they are generally time- and labor-intensive owing to multistep operation. Herein, a simple yet efficient LbL technique is developed to coat a model probiotic named Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) through polyphenol-Ca2+ network directed allyl-modified gelatin (GelAGE) adsorption followed by cross-linking of GelAGE via photoinitiated thiol-ene click reaction to protect EcN from harsh microenvironments of GI tract. LbL single-cell encapsulation can be performed within 1 h through simple operation. It is revealed that coated EcN exhibits significantly improved viability against acidic gastric fluid and bile salts, and enhanced colonization in the intestinal tract without loss of proliferation capabilities. Furthermore, oral therapy of coated EcN remarkably relieves the pathological symptoms associated with colitis in mice including down-regulating inflammation, repairing epithelial barriers, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and restoring the homeostasis of gut microbiota. This simplified LbL coating strategy has great potential for various probiotics-mediated biomedical and nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisong Fang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Songbai Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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11
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Wu H, Ding C, Ma X, Gao Z, Liu S, Liu B, Song S. Microencapsulate Probiotics (MP) Promote Growth Performance and Inhibit Inflammatory Response in Broilers Challenged with Salmonella typhimurium. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:623-635. [PMID: 37043165 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are prevalent in husbandry around the world due to the abuse of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs); therefore, it is necessary to find alternatives to AGPs in animal feed. Among all the candidates, probiotics are promising alternatives to AGPs against Salmonella infection. The anti-Salmonella effects of three probiotic strains, namely, Lactobacillus crispatus 7-4, Lactobacillus johnsonii 3-1, and Pediococcus acidilactici 20-1, have been demonstrated in our previous study. In this study, we further obtained the alginate beads containing compound probiotics, namely, microencapsulate probiotics (MP), and evaluated its regulatory effect on the health of broilers. We incubated free and microencapsulate probiotics in simulated gastric and intestinal juice for 2 h, and the results showed that compared to free probiotics, encapsulation increased tolerance of compound probiotics in the simulated gastrointestinal condition. We observed that the application of probiotics, especially MP, conferred protective effects against Salmonella typhimurium (S.Tm) infection in broilers. Compared to the S.Tm group, the MP could promote the growth performance (p < 0.05) and reduce the S.Tm load in intestine and liver (p < 0.05). In detail, MP pretreatment could modulate the cecal microflora and upregulate the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae. Besides, MP could reduce the inflammation injury of the intestine and liver, reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) expression, and induce of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) expression. Furthermore, MP could inhibit NLRP3 pathway in ileum, thereby attenuating S.Tm-induced inflammation. In conclusion, MP could be a new feeding supplementation strategy to substitute AGPs in poultry feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chenchen Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xujie Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhangshan Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Management Office of Dafeng, Milu National Nature Reserve, Yancheng, 224136, China
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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12
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Nenu I, Baldea I, Coadă CA, Crăciun RC, Moldovan R, Tudor D, Petrushev B, Toma VA, Ştefanescu H, Procopeţ B, Spârchez Z, Vodnar D, Lenghel M, Clichici S, Filip GA. Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotic treatment modulates gut and liver inflammatory pathways in a hepatocellular carcinoma murine model. A preliminary study. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183:114314. [PMID: 38052407 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a growing global concern with an increasing incidence rate. The intestinal microbiota has been identified as a potential culprit in modulating the effects of antitumoral drugs. We aimed to assess the impact of adding Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotic to regorafenib in mice with HCC. METHODS Cirrhosis and HCCs were induced in 56 male Swiss mice via diethylnitrosamine injection and carbon tetrachloride administration. Mice were divided into four groups: treated with vehicle (VC), regorafenib (Rego), L. rhamnosus probiotic, and a combination of regorafenib and probiotic (Rego-Pro). After 3 weeks of treatment, liver and intestinal fragments were collected for analysis. RESULTS Regorafenib elevated gut permeability, an effect mitigated by probiotic intervention, which exhibited a notable correlation with reduced inflammation (p < 0.01). iNOS levels were also reduced by adding the probiotic with respect to the mice treated with regorafenib only (p < 0.001). Notably, regorafenib substantially increased IL-6, TNF-a and TLR4 in intestinal fragments (p < 0.01). The administration of the probiotic effectively restored IL-6 to its initial levels (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Reducing systemic and intestinal inflammation by administering L. rhamnosus probiotic may alleviate tumoral resistance and systemic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Nenu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology Discipline, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Baldea
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology Discipline, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | | | - Rareş Călin Crăciun
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Remus Moldovan
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology Discipline, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Tudor
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology Discipline, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Bobe Petrushev
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Vlad Alexandru Toma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Experimental Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Research, Branch of NIRDBS, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, NIRD for Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Horia Ştefanescu
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Bogdan Procopeţ
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Zeno Spârchez
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Vodnar
- Department of Food Science University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Manuela Lenghel
- Radiology Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Simona Clichici
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology Discipline, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology Discipline, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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13
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Pandey H, Jain D, Tang DWT, Wong SH, Lal D. Gut microbiota in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease. Intest Res 2024; 22:15-43. [PMID: 37935653 PMCID: PMC10850697 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2023.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease, which is thought to be an interplay between genetic, environment, microbiota, and immune-mediated factors. Dysbiosis in the gut microbial composition, caused by antibiotics and diet, is closely related to the initiation and progression of IBD. Differences in gut microbiota composition between IBD patients and healthy individuals have been found, with reduced biodiversity of commensal microbes and colonization of opportunistic microbes in IBD patients. Gut microbiota can, therefore, potentially be used for diagnosing and prognosticating IBD, and predicting its treatment response. Currently, there are no curative therapies for IBD. Microbiota-based interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been recognized as promising therapeutic strategies. Clinical studies and studies done in animal models have provided sufficient evidence that microbiota-based interventions may improve inflammation, the remission rate, and microscopic aspects of IBD. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms of action of such interventions. This will help in enhancing their effectiveness and developing personalized therapies. The present review summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and IBD immunopathogenesis. It also discusses the use of gut microbiota as a noninvasive biomarker and potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daryl W. T. Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Devi Lal
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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14
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Pazos-Rojas LA, Cuellar-Sánchez A, Romero-Cerón AL, Rivera-Urbalejo A, Van Dillewijn P, Luna-Vital DA, Muñoz-Rojas J, Morales-García YE, Bustillos-Cristales MDR. The Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) State, a Poorly Explored Aspect of Beneficial Bacteria. Microorganisms 2023; 12:39. [PMID: 38257865 PMCID: PMC10818521 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria have the ability to survive in challenging environments; however, they cannot all grow on standard culture media, a phenomenon known as the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Bacteria commonly enter the VBNC state under nutrient-poor environments or under stressful conditions. This review explores the concept of the VBNC state, providing insights into the beneficial bacteria known to employ this strategy. The investigation covers different chemical and physical factors that can induce the latency state, cell features, and gene expression observed in cells in the VBNC state. The review also covers the significance and applications of beneficial bacteria, methods of evaluating bacterial viability, the ability of bacteria to persist in environments associated with higher organisms, and the factors that facilitate the return to the culturable state. Knowledge about beneficial bacteria capable of entering the VBNC state remains limited; however, beneficial bacteria in this state could face adverse environmental conditions and return to a culturable state when the conditions become suitable and continue to exert their beneficial effects. Likewise, this unique feature positions them as potential candidates for healthcare applications, such as the use of probiotic bacteria to enhance human health, applications in industrial microbiology for the production of prebiotics and functional foods, and in the beer and wine industry. Moreover, their use in formulations to increase crop yields and for bacterial bioremediation offers an alternative pathway to harness their beneficial attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Abisaí Pazos-Rojas
- Faculty of Stomatology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico; (L.A.P.-R.); (A.R.-U.)
- Monterrey Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64700, Mexico; (A.C.-S.); (A.L.R.-C.); (D.A.L.-V.)
| | - Alma Cuellar-Sánchez
- Monterrey Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64700, Mexico; (A.C.-S.); (A.L.R.-C.); (D.A.L.-V.)
| | - Ana Laura Romero-Cerón
- Monterrey Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64700, Mexico; (A.C.-S.); (A.L.R.-C.); (D.A.L.-V.)
| | - América Rivera-Urbalejo
- Faculty of Stomatology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico; (L.A.P.-R.); (A.R.-U.)
| | - Pieter Van Dillewijn
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18008 Granada, Spain;
| | - Diego Armando Luna-Vital
- Monterrey Institute of Technology, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64700, Mexico; (A.C.-S.); (A.L.R.-C.); (D.A.L.-V.)
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Rojas
- Ecology and Survival of Microorganisms Group, Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Ecology (LEMM), Center for Research in Microbiological Sciences, Institute of Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Yolanda Elizabeth Morales-García
- Ecology and Survival of Microorganisms Group, Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Ecology (LEMM), Center for Research in Microbiological Sciences, Institute of Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico;
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - María del Rocío Bustillos-Cristales
- Ecology and Survival of Microorganisms Group, Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Ecology (LEMM), Center for Research in Microbiological Sciences, Institute of Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72570, Mexico;
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15
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Touraki M, Chanou A, Mavridou V, Tsertseli V, Tsiridi M, Panteris E. Administration of probiotics affects Artemia franciscana metanauplii intestinal ultrastructure and offers resistance against a Photobacterium damselae ssp . piscicida induced oxidative stress response. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 5:100113. [PMID: 37671319 PMCID: PMC10475491 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida (Phdp) on immune responses and intestinal ultrastructure of Artemia franciscana following infection and their amelioration by the probiotic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis were evaluated. Pathogen growth inhibition in coculture with each probiotic and its virulence against Artemia were confirmed with an LC50 of 105 CFU mL-1. Phdp administration to Artemia at sublethal levels resulted in depletion of superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase and phenoloxidase activities, extensive lipid peroxidation and reduced survival. Following a combined administration of each probiotic and the pathogen, enzyme activities and survival were significantly higher, while lipid peroxidation was reduced, compared to the infected group with no probiotic treatment (P < 0.05). The transmission electron microscopy study revealed that pathogen infection resulted in disarranged and fragmented microvilli, formation of empty or pathogen containing cytoplasmic vacuoles and damaged mitochondria. In the probiotic-treated and Phdp-infected series, intestinal cells showed normal appearance, except for the presence of pathogen-containing vacuoles and highly ordered but laterally stacked microvilli. The results of the present study indicate that Phdp induces cell death through an oxidative stress response and probiotics enhance Artemia immune responses to protect it against the Phdp induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Touraki
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Anna Chanou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Mavridou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tsertseli
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Maria Tsiridi
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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16
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Yan Z, Liu Z, Ma Y, Yang Z, Liu G, Fang J. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Weissella viridescens on the Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites of Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. Nutrients 2023; 15:4603. [PMID: 37960257 PMCID: PMC10648191 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) refers to diarrhea caused by gut microbiota disorders after the use of antibiotics, which seriously threatens the health of humans and animals. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective therapy to treat AAD. This research aimed to explore the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum H-6 (L. plantarum H-6) and Weissella viridescens J-1 (W. viridescens J-1) on alleviating antibiotic-associated diarrhea induced by lincomycin hydrochloride (LH) in mice. The results show that L. plantarum H-6 could significantly reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-6 in colon tissue. At the same time, L. plantarum H-6 significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia, decreased the abundance of Bacteroides, and increased the contents of L-tryptophan, LysoPC (20:4 (8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)), reduced riboflavin, threoninyl-methionine, and N-palmitoyl in serum. However, W. viridescens J-1 had little effect on the treatment of AAD. It can be concluded that L. plantarum H-6 can regulate mice's colonic microbial composition, improve their serum metabolic process, and alleviate antibiotic-associated diarrhea. This research may provide a novel therapeutic option for AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.Y.); (G.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.Y.); (G.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.Y.); (G.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.Y.); (G.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.Y.); (G.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Z.Y.); (G.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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17
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Yuan S, Wang KS, Meng H, Hou XT, Xue JC, Liu BH, Cheng WW, Li J, Zhang HM, Nan JX, Zhang QG. The gut microbes in inflammatory bowel disease: Future novel target option for pharmacotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:114893. [PMID: 37352702 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes constitute the main microbiota in the human body, which can regulate biological processes such as immunity, cell proliferation, and differentiation, hence playing a specific function in intestinal diseases. In recent years, gut microbes have become a research hotspot in the pharmaceutical field. Because of their enormous number, diversity, and functional complexity, gut microbes have essential functions in the development of many digestive diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory disease with a complex etiology, the exact cause and pathogenesis are unclear. There are no medicines that can cure IBD, and more research on therapeutic drugs is urgently needed. It has been reported that gut microbes play a critical role in pathogenesis, and there is a tight and complex association between gut microbes and IBD. The dysregulation of gut microbes may be a predisposing factor for IBD, and at the same time, IBD may exacerbate gut microbes' disorders, but the mechanism of interaction between the two is still not well defined. The study of the relationship between gut microbes and IBD is not only important to elucidate the pathogenesis but also has a positive effect on the treatment based on the regimen of regulating gut microbes. This review describes the latest research progress on the functions of gut microbes and their relationship with IBD, which can provide reference and assistance for further research. It may provide a theoretical basis for the application of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and other therapeutic methods to regulate gut microbes in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Ke-Si Wang
- Chronic diseases research center, Dalian University College of Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Chronic diseases research center, Dalian University College of Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Hou
- Chronic diseases research center, Dalian University College of Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Jia-Chen Xue
- Chronic diseases research center, Dalian University College of Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China; Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China
| | - Bao-Hong Liu
- Chronic diseases research center, Dalian University College of Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Wen-Wen Cheng
- Chronic diseases research center, Dalian University College of Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Chronic diseases research center, Dalian University College of Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Hua-Min Zhang
- Chronic diseases research center, Dalian University College of Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Qing-Gao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Chronic diseases research center, Dalian University College of Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China.
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18
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Chen Y, Liu G, Ali MR, Zhang M, Zhou G, Sun Q, Li M, Shirin J. Regulation of gut bacteria in silkworm (Bombyx mori) after exposure to endogenous cadmium-polluted mulberry leaves. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114853. [PMID: 37023650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution presents a severe pollution burden to flora and fauna due to its non-degradability and transferability. The Cd in the soil is stressing the silkworm (Bombyx mori) out through a soil-mulberry-silkworm system. The gut microbiota of B.mori are reported to shape host health. However, earlier research had not reported the effect of endogenous Cd-polluted mulberry leaves on the gut microbiota of B.mori. In the current research, we compared the phyllosphere bacteria of endogenous Cd-polluted mulberry leaves at different concentrations. The investigation of the gut bacteria of B.mori fed with the mulberry leaves was done to evaluate the impact of endogenous Cd- polluted mulberry leaves on the gut bacteria of the silkworm. The results revealed a dramatic change in the gut bacteria of B.mori whereas, the changes in the phyllosphere bacteria of mulberry leaves in response to an increased Cd concentration were insignificant. It also increased the α-diversity and altered the gut bacterial community structure of B. mori. A significant change in the abundance of dominant phyla of gut bacteria of B.mori was recorded. At the genus level, the abundance of Enterococcus, Brachybacterium and Brevibacterium group related to disease resistance, and the abundance of Sphingomonas, Glutamicibacter and Thermus related to metal detoxification was significantly increased after Cd exposure. Meanwhile, there was a significant decrease in the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria Serratia and Enterobacter. The results demonstrated that endogenous Cd-polluted mulberry leaves caused perturbations in the gut bacterial composition of B.mori, which may driven by Cd content rather than phyllosphere bacteria. A significant variation in the specific bacterial community indicated the adaptation of B. mori gut for its role in heavy metal detoxification and immune function regulation. The results of this study help to understand the bacterial community associated with endogenous Cd-polluted resistance in the gut of B.mori, which proves to be a novel addition in describing its response in activating the detoxification mechanism and promoting its growth and development. This research work will help to explore the other mechanisms and microbiota associated with the adaptations to mitigate the Cd pollution problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
| | - Guijia Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
| | - Maria Rafraf Ali
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
| | - Guowei Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
| | - Qingye Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China.
| | - Mingjun Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
| | - Jazbia Shirin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
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Pal R, Athamneh AI, Deshpande R, Ramirez JAR, Adu KT, Muthuirulan P, Pawar S, Biazzo M, Apidianakis Y, Sundekilde UK, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Martens MG, Tegos GP, Seleem MN. Probiotics: insights and new opportunities for Clostridioides difficile intervention. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:414-434. [PMID: 35574602 PMCID: PMC9743071 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2072705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a life-threatening disease caused by the Gram-positive, opportunistic intestinal pathogen C. difficile. Despite the availability of antimicrobial drugs to treat CDI, such as vancomycin, metronidazole, and fidaxomicin, recurrence of infection remains a significant clinical challenge. The use of live commensal microorganisms, or probiotics, is one of the most investigated non-antibiotic therapeutic options to balance gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and subsequently tackle dysbiosis. In this review, we will discuss major commensal probiotic strains that have the potential to prevent and/or treat CDI and its recurrence, reassess the efficacy of probiotics supplementation as a CDI intervention, delve into lessons learned from probiotic modulation of the immune system, explore avenues like genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions, genome sequencing, and multi-omics to identify novel strains and understand their functionality, and discuss the current regulatory framework, challenges, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusha Pal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ahmad I.M. Athamneh
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Jose A. R Ramirez
- ProbioWorld Consulting Group, James Cook University, 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kayode T. Adu
- ProbioWorld Consulting Group, James Cook University, 4811, Queensland, Australia
- Cann Group, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, La Trobe University, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | | | - Shrikant Pawar
- The Anlyan Center Yale Center for Genomic Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT USA
| | - Manuele Biazzo
- The Bioarte Ltd Laboratories at Life Science Park, San Gwann, Malta
| | | | | | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark G. Martens
- Reading Hospital, Tower Health, West Reading, PA 19611, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - George P. Tegos
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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20
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Panja K, Areerat S, Chundang P, Palaseweenun P, Akrimajirachoote N, Sitdhipol J, Thaveethaptaikul P, Chonpathompikunlert P, Niwasabutra K, Phapugrangkul P, Kovitvadhi A. Influence of dietary supplementation with new Lactobacillus strains on hematology, serum biochemistry, nutritional status, digestibility, enzyme activities, and immunity in dogs. Vet World 2023; 16:834-843. [PMID: 37235154 PMCID: PMC10206979 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.834-843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The use of antibiotics is associated with many side effects, with the development of bacterial resistance being particularly important. It has been found that dogs and their owners host similar resistant bacteria. This contributes to increased concurrent bacterial resistance and a possible trend of increased bacterial resistance in humans. Thus, using probiotics in dogs is an alternative option for preventing and reducing the transmission of bacterial resistance from dogs to humans. Probiotics are characterized by their potential to endure low pH levels and high concentrations of bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract. Lactobacilli are more acid-tolerant and resistant to bile acid, so they are ideal probiotics to be added to the canine diet. According to the previous studies, the benefits of Lactobacillus are a stable nutritional status and greater digestibility, along with improved fecal scores and reduced ammonia in dogs. However, no studies have been conducted with Lactobacillus plantarum CM20-8 (TISTR 2676), Lactobacillus acidophilus Im10 (TISTR 2734), Lactobacillus rhamnosus L12-2 (TISTR 2716), Lactobacillus paracasei KT-5 (TISTR 2688), and Lactobacillus fermentum CM14-8 (TISTR 2720), or their use in combination. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the possible effects of the aforementioned Lactobacillus on hematological indices, nutritional status, digestibility, enzyme activities, and immunity in dogs. From the results, a new and safe strain of Lactobacillus may emerge for use as a probiotic in the future. Materials and Methods In this study, 35 dogs were allocated equally into seven groups: Group 1 received a basal diet (control), while Groups 2-7 received the same diet further supplemented with L. plantarum CM20-8 (TISTR 2676), L. acidophilus Im10 (TISTR 2734), L. rhamnosus L12-2 (TISTR 2716), L. paracasei KT-5 (TISTR 2688), L. fermentum CM14-8 (TISTR 2720), or a mixture of probiotics (L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, and L. fermentum), respectively. All probiotics were administered at a dose of 109 colony-forming unit/dog for 28 days. Nutritional status, hematology, serum biochemistry, digestibility, enzyme activities, and immunity parameters were assessed. Results There were no differences among the groups in body weight, feed intake, body condition score, fecal score, and fecal dry matter on the different sampling days. The hematology and serum biochemical analyses showed a difference only in creatinine activity (p < 0.001), with higher values in group L. fermentum CM14-8 (TISTR 2720) and lower values in group L. paracasei KT-5 (TISTR 2688) than in controls. However, all measurements were within the normal laboratory reference ranges. Fecal characteristics (fecal ammonia and fecal pH), fecal digestive enzyme activities, serum immunoglobulin (IgG), and fecal IgA did not differ significantly among the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Lactobacillus plantarum CM20-8 (TISTR 2676), L. acidophilus Im10 (TISTR 2734), L. rhamnosus L12-2 (TISTR 2716), L. paracasei KT-5 (TISTR 2688), and L. fermentum CM14-8 (TISTR 2720), along with their mixture are safe and non-pathogenic additives for use as new probiotic strains of Lactobacillus in dogs. Although the new Lactobacillus strains had no effect on hematology, serum biochemistry, nutritional status, digestive enzyme activities, immunity, body weight, feed intake, or body condition scores in dogs, further studies should investigate the intestinal microbiota and the development of clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonporn Panja
- Graduate Student in Animal Health and Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Bangpra, Chonburi 20110, Thailand
| | - Sathita Areerat
- Graduate Student in Animal Health and Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pipatpong Chundang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pornsucha Palaseweenun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Jaruwan Sitdhipol
- Biodiversity Research Center, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Punnathorn Thaveethaptaikul
- Biodiversity Research Center, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert
- Biodiversity Research Center, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Expert Center of Innovative Health Food, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanidta Niwasabutra
- Biodiversity Research Center, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pongsathon Phapugrangkul
- Biodiversity Research Center, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Attawit Kovitvadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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21
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Vasudha M, Prashantkumar CS, Bellurkar M, Kaveeshwar V, Gayathri D. Probiotic potential of β‑galactosidase‑producing lactic acid bacteria from fermented milk and their molecular characterization. Biomed Rep 2023; 18:23. [PMID: 36846619 PMCID: PMC9945298 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have attained significant interest in recent years as a result of their gut microbiome modulation and gastrointestinal health benefits. Numerous fermented foods contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which are considered as GRAS and probiotic bacteria. The present study aimed to investigate indigenous LAB from homemade fermented milk samples collected in remote areas of Karnataka (India), in order to isolate the most potent and well-adapted to local environmental conditions bacteria, which were then evaluated using a step-by-step approach focused on the evaluation of probiotic traits and β-galactosidase-producing ability. LAB were screened using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indole-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal) and O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) as substrate, and exhibited β-galactosidase activity ranging from 728.25 to 1,203.32 Miller units. The most promising isolates were selected for 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus and Lactiplantibacillus sp. Furthermore, these isolates were evaluated by in vitro, viz., survival in gastrointestinal tract, antibiotic susceptibility, antimicrobial activity, cell surface characteristics, and haemolytic activity. All eight isolates demonstrated strong adherence and prevented pathogen penetration into HT-29 cells, indicating potential of the bacteria to scale up industrial level production of milk products for lactose intolerants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahanthesh Vasudha
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, Davangere University, Davangere, Karnataka 577007, India
| | - Chakra S Prashantkumar
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, Davangere University, Davangere, Karnataka 577007, India
| | - Mallika Bellurkar
- Central Research Laboratory, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, Karnataka 580009, India
| | - Vishwas Kaveeshwar
- Central Research Laboratory, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, Karnataka 580009, India,Correspondence to: Professor Devaraja Gayathri, Department of Studies in Microbiology, Davangere University, Shivagangothri, Davangere, Karnataka 577007, India
| | - Devaraja Gayathri
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, Davangere University, Davangere, Karnataka 577007, India,Correspondence to: Professor Devaraja Gayathri, Department of Studies in Microbiology, Davangere University, Shivagangothri, Davangere, Karnataka 577007, India
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22
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Tian S, Zhang H, Chen S, Wu P, Chen M. Global research progress of visceral hypersensitivity and irritable bowel syndrome: bibliometrics and visualized analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1175057. [PMID: 37201020 PMCID: PMC10185792 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1175057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a group of functional intestinal disorders characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits, and/or stool characteristics. Recent studies have shown that there has been a significant advancement in the study of visceral hypersensitivity in IBS. Through the use of bibliometrics, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure and research hotpots of visceral hypersensitivity in IBS. Methods: Publications related to visceral hypersensitivity in IBS from 2012 to 2022 were searched on the web of science core collection (WoSCC) database. CiteSpace.6.1. R2 and Vosviewer 1.6.17 were used to perform bibliometric analysis. Results: A total of 974 articles led by China and the United States from 52 countries were included. Over the past decade, the number of articles on visceral hypersensitivity and IBS has steadily increased year by year. China, the United States, and Belgium are the main countries in this field. Univ Oklahoma, Univ Gothenburg, and Zhejiang University are the main research institutions. Simren, Magnus, Greenwood-van meerveld, Beverley, and Tack, Jan are the most published authors in this research field. The research on the causes, genes, and pathways involved in visceral hypersensitivity in IBS and the mechanism of IBS are the main topics and hotspots in this field. This study also found that gut microbiota may be related to the occurrence of visceral hypersensitivity, and probiotics may be a new method for the treatment of visceral hypersensitivity and pain, which may become a new direction for research in this field. Conclusion: This is the first bibliometric study to comprehensively summarize the research trends and developments of visceral hypersensitivity in IBS. This information provides the research frontier and hot topics in this field in recent years, which will provide a reference for scholars studying this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Tian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengning Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Colorectal Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Min Chen,
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23
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Américo MF, Freitas ADS, da Silva TF, de Jesus LCL, Barroso FAL, Campos GM, Santos RCV, Gomes GC, Assis R, Ferreira Ê, Mancha-Agresti P, Laguna JG, Chatel JM, Carvalho RDDO, Azevedo V. Growth differentiation factor 11 delivered by dairy Lactococcus lactis strains modulates inflammation and prevents mucosal damage in a mice model of intestinal mucositis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1157544. [PMID: 37138633 PMCID: PMC10149842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1157544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucositis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa that debilitate the quality of life of patients undergoing chemotherapy treatments. In this context, antineoplastic drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil, provokes ulcerations in the intestinal mucosa that lead to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by activating the NF-κB pathway. Alternative approaches to treat the disease using probiotic strains show promising results, and thereafter, treatments that target the site of inflammation could be further explored. Recently, studies reported that the protein GDF11 has an anti-inflammatory role in several diseases, including in vitro and in vivo results in different experimental models. Hence, this study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of GDF11 delivered by Lactococcus lactis strains NCDO2118 and MG1363 in a murine model of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU. Our results showed that mice treated with the recombinant lactococci strains presented improved histopathological scores of intestinal damage and a reduction of goblet cell degeneration in the mucosa. It was also observed a significant reduction of neutrophil infiltration in the tissue in comparison to positive control group. Moreover, we observed immunomodulation of inflammatory markers Nfkb1, Nlrp3, Tnf, and upregulation of Il10 in mRNA expression levels in groups treated with recombinant strains that help to partially explain the ameliorative effect in the mucosa. Therefore, the results found in this study suggest that the use of recombinant L. lactis (pExu:gdf11) could offer a potential gene therapy for intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Ferrary Américo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andria dos Santos Freitas
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- INRAE, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alvarenga Lima Barroso
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Munis Campos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rhayane Cristina Viegas Santos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Camargos Gomes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Assis
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ênio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, MICALIS, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Rodrigo Dias de Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Vasco Azevedo,
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24
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Xie R, Zhang H, Zhang H, Li C, Cui D, Li S, Li Z, Liu H, Huang J. Hemagglutinin expressed by yeast reshapes immune microenvironment and gut microbiota to trigger diverse anti-infection response in infected birds. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125190. [PMID: 37143654 PMCID: PMC10151582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The H5N8 influenza virus is a highly pathogenic pathogen for poultry and human. Vaccination is the most effective method to control the spread of the virus right now. The traditional inactivated vaccine, though well developed and used widely, is laborious during application and more interests are stimulated in developing alternative approaches. Methods In this study, we developed three hemagglutinin (HA) gene-based yeast vaccine. In order to explore the protective efficacy of the vaccines, the gene expression level in the bursa of Fabricius and the structure of intestinal microflora in immunized animals were analyzed by RNA seq and 16SrRNA sequencing, and the regulatory mechanism of yeast vaccine was evaluated. Results All of these vaccines elicited the humoral immunity, inhibited viral load in the chicken tissues, and provided partial protective efficacy due to the high dose of the H5N8 virus. Molecular mechanism studies suggested that, compared to the traditional inactivated vaccine, our engineered yeast vaccine reshaped the immune cell microenvironment in bursa of Fabricius to promote the defense and immune responses. Analysis of gut microbiota further suggested that oral administration of engineered ST1814G/H5HA yeast vaccine increased the diversity of gut microbiota and the increasement of Reuteri and Muciniphila might benefit the recovery from influenza virus infection. These results provide strong evidence for further clinical use of these engineered yeast vaccine in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Xie
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huixia Zhang
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changyan Li
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Daqing Cui
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shujun Li
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zexing Li
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Hualei Liu, ; Jinhai Huang,
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hualei Liu, ; Jinhai Huang,
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25
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Xu X, Liu R, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Zhu T, Huang Y, Chai L, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Li W, Mao G. Characterization of exosomes derived from IPEC-J2 treated with probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 and its regulation of macrophage functions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033471. [PMID: 36439093 PMCID: PMC9682075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics can maintain or improve health by modulating the response of immune cells in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the mechanisms by which probiotics promote macrophage (Mφ) activity are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated exosomes derived from intestinal epithelial cells treated with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 (Ba) and investigated the regulation of Mφ phagocytosis, apoptosis, and polarization. We isolated two exosomes from intestinal porcine epithelial cell lines (IPEC-J2) with or without Ba-treatment, named Ba-Exo and Exo, respectively. They had typical sizes and a cup-shaped morphology, and their surfaces presented typical exosomes-associated proteins, including CD63, ALIX, and TSG101. Ba-Exo and Exo could entrer Mφ (3D4/21 cells) effectively. Moreover, an in vitro phagocytosis assay demonstrated that Ba-Exo can promote phagocytosis of Mφ. Similar to Exo, Ba-Exo had no effect on Mφ apoptosis. Furthermore, Ba-Exo significantly increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), declined the expression of arginase 1 (Arg1) in Mφ, and stimulated Mφ polarization to M1. To explore the differences in the regulation of Mφ polarization between Ba-Exo and Exo, we performed reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the small RNAs and found that miR-222 increased in the Ba-Exo group compared to that in the Exo group. These results provide a new perspective on the relationship between probiotics and intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Xu
- Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuqiang Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Tianjun Zhu
- Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Core Facilities, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Chai
- Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhao
- Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Genxiang Mao, ; Weifen Li, ; Zhenlei Zhao,
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Genxiang Mao, ; Weifen Li, ; Zhenlei Zhao,
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Genxiang Mao, ; Weifen Li, ; Zhenlei Zhao,
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Kim JH, Jeong M, Doo EH, Koo YT, Lee SJ, Jang JW, Park JHY, Huh CS, Byun S, Lee KW. Glycine max Fermented by a Novel Probiotic, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis LDTM 8102, Increases Immuno-Modulatory Function. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1146-1153. [PMID: 36168203 PMCID: PMC9628972 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2206.06038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many probiotic species have been used as a fermentation starter for manufacturing functional food materials. We have isolated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis LDTM 8102 from the feces of infants as a novel strain for fermentation. While Glycine max has been known to display various bioactivities including anti-oxidant, anti-skin aging, and anti-cancer effects, the immune-modulatory effect of Glycine max has not been reported. In the current study, we have discovered that the extract of Glycine max fermented with B. animalis subsp. lactis LDTM 8102 (GFB 8102), could exert immuno-modulatory properties. GFB 8102 treatment increased the production of immune-stimulatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages without any noticeable cytotoxicity. Analysis of the molecular mechanism revealed that GFB 8102 could upregulate MAPK2K and MAPK signaling pathways including ERK, p38, and JNK. GFB 8102 also increased the proliferation rate of splenocytes isolated from mice. In an animal study, administration of GFB 8102 partially recovered cyclophosphamide-mediated reduction in thymus and spleen weight. Moreover, splenocytes from the GFB 8102-treated group exhibited increased TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production. Based on these findings, GFB 8102 could be a promising functional food material for enhancing immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Doo
- Department of Yuhan Biotechnology, School of Bio-Health Sciences, Yuhan University, Bucheon 14780, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Koo
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm Co. Ltd., Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Joo Lee
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm Co. Ltd., Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Jang
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm Co. Ltd., Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Sung Huh
- Research Institute of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea,Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea,
S. Byun Phone: +82-2-2123-5896 E-mail:
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author K.W. Lee Phone: +82-2-880-4662 E-mail:
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Jergens AE, Heilmann RM. Canine chronic enteropathy—Current state-of-the-art and emerging concepts. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:923013. [PMID: 36213409 PMCID: PMC9534534 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.923013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs have received great attention in the basic and clinical research arena. The 2010 ACVIM Consensus Statement, including guidelines for the diagnostic criteria for canine and feline CIE, was an important milestone to a more standardized approach to patients suspected of a CIE diagnosis. Great strides have been made since understanding the pathogenesis and classification of CIE in dogs, and novel diagnostic and treatment options have evolved. New concepts in the microbiome-host-interaction, metabolic pathways, crosstalk within the mucosal immune system, and extension to the gut-brain axis have emerged. Novel diagnostics have been developed, the clinical utility of which remains to be critically evaluated in the next coming years. New directions are also expected to lead to a larger spectrum of treatment options tailored to the individual patient. This review offers insights into emerging concepts and future directions proposed for further CIE research in dogs for the next decade to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Albert E. Jergens
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, SN, Germany
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Ghazisaeedi F, Meens J, Hansche B, Maurischat S, Schwerk P, Goethe R, Wieler LH, Fulde M, Tedin K. A virulence factor as a therapeutic: the probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68 arginine deiminase inhibits innate immune signaling pathways. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2106105. [PMID: 35921516 PMCID: PMC9351580 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The probiotic bacterial strain Enterococcus faecium SF68 has been shown to alleviate symptoms of intestinal inflammation in human clinical trials and animal feed supplementation studies. To identify factors involved in immunomodulatory effects on host cells, E. faecium SF68 and other commensal and clinical Enterococcus isolates were screened using intestinal epithelial cell lines harboring reporter fusions for NF-κB and JNK(AP-1) activation to determine the responses of host cell innate immune signaling pathways when challenged with bacterial protein and cell components. Cell-free, whole-cell lysates of E. faecium SF68 showed a reversible, inhibitory effect on both NF-κB and JNK(AP-1) signaling pathway activation in intestinal epithelial cells and abrogated the response to bacterial and other Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. The inhibitory effect was species-specific, and was not observed for E. avium, E. gallinarum, or E. casseliflavus. Screening of protein fractions of E. faecium SF68 lysates yielded an active fraction containing a prominent protein identified as arginine deiminase (ADI). The E. faecium SF68 arcA gene encoding arginine deiminase was cloned and introduced into E. avium where it conferred the same NF-κB inhibitory effects on intestinal epithelial cells as seen for E. faecium SF68. Our results indicate that the arginine deiminase of E. faecium SF68 is responsible for inhibition of host cell NF-κB and JNK(AP-1) pathway activation, and is likely to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects observed in prior clinical human and animal trials. The implications for the use of this probiotic strain for preventive and therapeutic purposes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ghazisaeedi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Meens
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bianca Hansche
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Sanofi-AventisGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Maurischat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany,German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schwerk
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Goethe
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lothar H. Wieler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Fulde
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Tedin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany,CONTACT Karsten Tedin Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse7, Berlin14163Germany
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Role of a mixed probiotic product, VSL#3, in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 930:175152. [PMID: 35835181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease. The incidence of this type of cancer in younger patients has increased in recent years, and more strategies are needed to prevent and delay the progression of CRC. Probiotics play an adjunctive role in the prevention and treatment of CRC and can not only prevent the onset and delay the progression of disease but also reduce the side effects after the application of anti-cancer drugs. The anti-cancer effect of individual probiotics has been extensively studied, and the exact curative effect of various probiotics has been found, but the anti-cancer effect of mixed probiotics is still not well summarized. In this review, we discuss the positive effects of mixed probiotics on CRC and the related mechanisms of action, especially VSL#3 (VSL Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA), thus providing new ideas for the treatment of CRC. Moreover, we suggest the need to search for more therapeutic possibilities, especially via the research and application of synbiotics and postbiotics.
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30
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Wu Q, O’Malley J, Datta S, Gharaibeh RZ, Jobin C, Karagas MR, Coker MO, Hoen AG, Christensen BC, Madan JC, Li Z. MarZIC: A Marginal Mediation Model for Zero-Inflated Compositional Mediators with Applications to Microbiome Data. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1049. [PMID: 35741811 PMCID: PMC9223163 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human microbiome can contribute to pathogeneses of many complex diseases by mediating disease-leading causal pathways. However, standard mediation analysis methods are not adequate to analyze the microbiome as a mediator due to the excessive number of zero-valued sequencing reads in the data and that the relative abundances have to sum to one. The two main challenges raised by the zero-inflated data structure are: (a) disentangling the mediation effect induced by the point mass at zero; and (b) identifying the observed zero-valued data points that are not zero (i.e., false zeros). METHODS We develop a novel marginal mediation analysis method under the potential-outcomes framework to address the issues. We also show that the marginal model can account for the compositional structure of microbiome data. RESULTS The mediation effect can be decomposed into two components that are inherent to the two-part nature of zero-inflated distributions. With probabilistic models to account for observing zeros, we also address the challenge with false zeros. A comprehensive simulation study and the application in a real microbiome study showcase our approach in comparison with existing approaches. CONCLUSIONS When analyzing the zero-inflated microbiome composition as the mediators, MarZIC approach has better performance than standard causal mediation analysis approaches and existing competing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quran Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Q.W.); (S.D.)
| | - James O’Malley
- The Dartmouth Institute, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Q.W.); (S.D.)
| | - Raad Z. Gharaibeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (R.Z.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (R.Z.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (M.R.K.); (M.O.C.); (A.G.H.); (B.C.C.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Modupe O. Coker
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (M.R.K.); (M.O.C.); (A.G.H.); (B.C.C.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Anne G. Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (M.R.K.); (M.O.C.); (A.G.H.); (B.C.C.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Brock C. Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (M.R.K.); (M.O.C.); (A.G.H.); (B.C.C.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Juliette C. Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (M.R.K.); (M.O.C.); (A.G.H.); (B.C.C.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (Q.W.); (S.D.)
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Dietary polysaccharides from guavira pomace, a co-product from the fruit pulp industry, display therapeutic application in gut disorders. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Barroso FAL, de Jesus LCL, da Silva TF, Batista VL, Laguna J, Coelho-Rocha ND, Vital KD, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Ferreira E, Martins FS, Drumond MM, Mancha-Agresti P, Birbrair A, Barh D, Azevedo V. Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 Ameliorates Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis by Modulating Epithelial Barrier and TLR2/4/Myd88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:858036. [PMID: 35558121 PMCID: PMC9087590 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis promoted by the use of anticancer drugs is characterized by ulcerative inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, a debilitating side effect in cancer patients undergoing treatment. Probiotics are a potential therapeutic option to alleviate intestinal mucositis due to their effects on epithelial barrier integrity and anti-inflammatory modulation. This study investigated the health-promoting impact of Lactobacillus delbrueckii CIDCA 133 in modulating inflammatory and epithelial barrier markers to protect the intestinal mucosa from 5-fluorouracil-induced epithelial damage. L. delbrueckii CIDCA 133 consumption ameliorated small intestine shortening, inflammatory cell infiltration, intestinal permeability, villus atrophy, and goblet cell count, improving the intestinal mucosa architecture and its function in treated mice. Upregulation of Muc2, Cldn1, Hp, F11r, and Il10, and downregulation of markers involved in NF-κB signaling pathway activation (Tlr2, Tlr4, Nfkb1, Il6, and Il1b) were observed at the mRNA level. This work suggests a beneficial role of L. delbrueckii strain CIDCA 133 on intestinal damage induced by 5-FU chemotherapy through modulation of inflammatory pathways and improvement of epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Viviane Lima Batista
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Laguna
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nina Dias Coelho-Rocha
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kátia Duarte Vital
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Martins Drumond
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Purba Medinipur, India
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Mei L, Zhang D, Shao H, Hao Y, Zhang T, Zheng W, Ji Y, Ling P, Lu Y, Zhou Q. Injectable and Self-Healing Probiotics-Loaded Hydrogel for Promoting Superbacteria-Infected Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20538-20550. [PMID: 35471815 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Superbacteria-induced skin wound infections are huge health challenges, resulting in significant financial and medical costs due to notable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Probiotics are found in the skin and are effective in treating bacterial infection, moderating the microbial dysbiosis and inflammation induced by pathogens, regulating the immune system, as well as even promoting tissue repair. However, improving their colonization efficiency and viability remains a large obstacle for proper applications. Inspired by probiotic therapy and the natural extracellular matrix structure, hyaluronate-adipic dihydrazide/aldehyde-terminated Pluronic F127/fucoidan hydrogels loaded with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (HPF@L.rha) with unique (bio)physicochemical characteristics were developed through the dynamic Schiff-base reaction for superbacteria-infected trauma management. The developed HPF@L.rha exhibit a shortened gelation time, enhanced mechanical strength, and excellent self-healing and liquid-absorption abilities. Importantly, their anti-superbacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) effect was greatly increased in a dose-dependent fashion. Additionally, in vitro evaluation shows that the prepared HPF@L.rha containing appropriate probiotic concentrations (less than 1 × 107 CFU/mL) possess satisfactory cytocompatibility and blood compatibility. Further, compared to the HPF hydrogel, in vivo the hydrogel combined with probiotics significantly inhibits P. aeruginosa infection and inflammation, promotes the formation of re-epithelialization and collagen, and thus accelerates full-thickness superbacteria-infected wound repair, which is comparable to commercial Prontosan gel formulation. This work suggests that the combination of biomimicking hydrogels and probiotic therapy displays the great potential to manage superbug-infected trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mei
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin 300038, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yuanping Hao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanjing Ji
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin 300038, China
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Wu H, Huang Y, Yang L, Su K, Tian S, Chen X, Li S, Liu W. Effects of Jianpi Lishi Jiedu granules on colorectal adenoma patients after endoscopic treatment: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Trials 2022; 23:345. [PMID: 35461237 PMCID: PMC9034522 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal adenomas (CRAs) are precancerous lesions of the large intestine presenting as colorectal polyps. At present, the conventional treatment methods for CRA mainly include high-frequency electrocoagulation and electroexcision, biopsy forceps polypectomy, cauterization by laser and microwave, and other endoscopic interventions. The principal advantages conferred by these treatment strategies include less trauma, quick postoperative recovery, and simplicity to perform. However, the higher recurrence rates and insignificant improvement of postoperative symptoms after endoscopic surgery are considerable drawbacks to this approach. Besides, there is currently no effective pharmacotherapy to prevent the recurrence of CRA. Jianpi Lishi Jiedu (JLJ) granules are a form of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to manage postoperative patients with CRA, which has shown a certain degree of efficacy in clinical practice. However, its effectiveness and safety profile have not been convincingly evaluated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety profile of JLJ granules in the management of postoperative patients with CRA and to observe the recurrence rate of adenoma in these patients. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial is performed in this study. A total of 80 postoperative patients with CRA will be randomly classified into the Jianpi Lishi Jiedu granules group or the placebo control group. Patients in both groups shall receive 3 months of intervention, after which medical follow-up and safety evaluation will be performed for all of the patients. The primary outcome is the recurrence rate of adenomas within 12 months. The secondary outcomes are the cardinal TCM symptom scores, minor TCM symptom scores, Bristol Stool Scale, efficacy of TCM symptoms, safety indicators, and blinding assessment. DISCUSSION In this study, the impact on the recurrence of adenomas and the efficacy and safety of JLJ granules in terms of improving the clinical symptoms of postoperative patients with CRA will be evaluated. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR 2100044297. Registered on March 16, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhen Huang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunhan Su
- Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Tian
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. .,Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Lee AH, Lin CY, Do S, Oba PM, Belchik SE, Steelman AJ, Schauwecker A, Swanson KS. Dietary supplementation with fiber, "biotics," and spray-dried plasma affects apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility and the fecal characteristics, fecal microbiota, and immune function of adult dogs. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac048. [PMID: 35180312 PMCID: PMC8956131 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of functional ingredients, including fibers, prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics may be added to pet foods to support gastrointestinal and immune health. While many of these ingredients have been tested individually, commercial foods often include blends that also require testing. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing blends of fibers, "biotics," and/or spray-dried plasma on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), stool quality, fecal microbiota and metabolites, and immune health outcomes of adult dogs. A total of 12 healthy adult intact English pointer dogs (6 M, 6 F; age = 6.4 ± 2.0 yr; BW = 25.8 ± 2.6 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to test diets formulated to: 1) contain a low concentration of fermentative substances (control diet, CT); 2) be enriched with a fiber-prebiotic-probiotic blend (FPPB); and 3) be enriched with a fiber-prebiotic-probiotic blend + immune-modulating ingredients (iFFPB). In each 28-d period, 22 d of diet adaptation was followed by a 5-d fecal collection phase and 1 d for blood sample collection. All data were analyzed using SAS 9.4, with significance being P < 0.05 and trends being P < 0.10. FPPB and iFPPB diets led to shifts in numerous outcome measures. Dry matter (DM), organic matter, fat, fiber, and energy ATTD were lower (P < 0.01), fecal scores were lower (P < 0.01; firmer stools), and fecal DM% was higher (P < 0.0001) in dogs fed FPPB or iFPPB than those fed CT. Serum triglycerides and cholesterol were lower (P < 0.01) in dogs fed FPPB or iFPPB than those fed CT. Fecal protein catabolites (isobutyrate, isovalerate, indole, and ammonia) and butyrate were lower (P < 0.05), while fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) was higher (P < 0.01) in dogs fed FPPB and iFPPB than those fed CT. Fecal microbiota populations were affected by diet, with alpha-diversity being lower (P < 0.05) in dogs fed iFPPB and the relative abundance of 20 bacterial genera being altered in dogs fed FPPB or iFPPB compared with CT. The circulating helper T cell:cytotoxic T cell ratio was higher (P < 0.05) in dogs fed iFPPB than those fed CT. Circulating B cells were lower (P < 0.05) in dogs fed FPPB than those fed iFPPB, and lower (P < 0.05) in dogs fed iFPPB than those fed CT. Our results demonstrate that feeding a fiber-prebiotic-probiotic blend may provide many benefits to canine health, including improved stool quality, beneficial shifts to fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles, reduced blood lipids, and increased fecal IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ching-Yen Lin
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sungho Do
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Patricia M Oba
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sara E Belchik
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amy Schauwecker
- PetSmart Proprietary Brand Product Development, Phoenix, AZ 85080, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Role of probiotics in ruminant nutrition as natural modulators of health and productivity of animals in tropical countries: an overview. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:110. [PMID: 35195775 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Given the ever-growing population in the developing countries located in the tropics of Asia, Africa, South America, and the Caribbean, the demand for products of animal origin has increased. Probiotics have proven to be a substantial substitute for antibiotics used in the animal diet and thus gained popularity. Probiotics are live and non-pathogenic microbes commercially utilized as modulators of gut microflora, hence exerting advantageous effects on the health and productivity of animals in tropical countries. Probiotics are mainly derived from a few bacterial (Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Propionibacterium, and Prevotella bryantii) and yeast (Saccharomyces and Aspergillus) species. Numerous studies in tropical animals revealed that probiotic supplementation in a ruminant diet improves the growth of beneficial rumen microbes, thus enhancing nutrient intake and digestibility, milk production, and reproductive and feed efficiency, along with immunomodulation. Furthermore, probiotic applications have proven to minimize adverse environmental consequences, including reduced methane emissions from ruminants' anaerobic fermentation of tropical feedstuffs. However, obtained results were inconsistent due to sources of probiotics, probiotic stability during storage and feeding, dose, feeding frequency, and animal factors including age, health, and nutritional status of the host. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of probiotics by which they exhibit beneficial effects is still not clear. Thus, more definitive research is needed to select the most effective strains of probiotics and their cost-benefit analysis. In this review article, we have briefly explained the impact of feeding probiotics on nutrient intake, digestibility, reproduction, growth efficiency, productivity, and health status of tropical ruminant animals.
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Bhogoju S, Nahashon S. Recent Advances in Probiotic Application in Animal Health and Nutrition: A Review. AGRICULTURE 2022; 12:304. [DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
Abstract
Biotechnological advances in animal health and nutrition continue to play a significant role in the improvement of animal health, growth, and production performance. These biotechnological advancements, especially the use of direct-fed microbials, also termed probiotics, those genetically modified and otherwise, have minimized many challenges facing livestock production around the world. Such advancements result in healthy animals and animal products, such as meat, for a growing population worldwide. Increasing demand for productivity, healthy animals, and consumer food safety concerns, especially those emanating from excessive use of antibiotics or growth promoters, are a driving force for investing in safer alternatives, such as probiotics. The advent of vastly diverse pathogens and bacterial organisms, some of which have acquired antimicrobial resistance due to therapeutic use of these antibiotics, has had a negative impact on the animal and food industries. Probiotics have been chosen as substitutes to counter this excessive use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Over the last decade, probiotics have gained recognition, increased in importance, and stimulated growing interest in the animal health and nutrition industry. Probiotics are considered to be favorable live microorganisms by the host organism by maintaining microbial homeostasis and healthy gut, and can be a viable alternative to antibiotics in addition to providing other growth-promoting properties. Even though various studies describe the modes of action of probiotics, more research is needed to illuminate the exact mechanism of action of probiotics and how they benefit the host. This review describes the importance of probiotics in animal health, nutrition, and in growth and production performance. It also provides a thorough review of recent advances in probiotics research and application in animal health and nutrition and future directions on probiotic research to enhance animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarayu Bhogoju
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Samuel Nahashon
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
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Mo K, Li J, Liu F, Xu Y, Huang X, Ni H. Superiority of Microencapsulated Essential Oils Compared With Common Essential Oils and Antibiotics: Effects on the Intestinal Health and Gut Microbiota of Weaning Piglet. Front Nutr 2022; 8:808106. [PMID: 35096948 PMCID: PMC8790512 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.808106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have long been considered an alternative to antibiotics in the breeding industry. However, they are unstable and often present unpleasant odors, which hampers their application. Microencapsulation can protect the active gradients from oxidation and allow them to diffuse slowly in the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of microencapsulation technology on the biological function of EOs and the possibility of using microencapsulate EOs (MEEOs) as an alternative to antibiotics in weaning piglets. First, we prepared MEEOs and common EOs both containing 2% thymol, 5% carvacrol and 3% cinnamaldehyde (w/w/w). Then, a total of 48 weaning piglets were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments: (1) basal diet; (2) 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline; (3) 100 mg/kg common EOs; (4) 500 mg/kg common EOs; (5) 100 mg/kg MEEOs; and (6) 500 mg/kg MEEO. The trial lasted 28 days. The results showed that piglets in the 100 mg/kg MEEOs group had the lowest diarrhea index during days 15–28 (P < 0.05). In addition, 100 mg/kg MEEOs significantly alleviated intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation (P < 0.05), whereas 500 mg/kg common EOs caused intestinal oxidative stress (P < 0.05) and may lead to intestinal damage through activation of inflammatory cytokine response. MEEOs (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the ratio of the relative abundance of potential pathogenic and beneficial bacteria in the cecum and colon (P < 0.05), thus contributing to the maintenance of intestinal health. On the other hand, chlortetracycline caused an increase in the ratio of the relative abundance of potential pathogenic and beneficial bacteria in the colon (P < 0.05), which could potentially have adverse effects on the intestine. The addition of a high dose of MEEOs may have adverse effects on the intestine and may lead to diarrhea by increasing the level of colonic acetic acid (P < 0.05). Collectively, the results suggest that microencapsulation technology significantly promotes the positive effect of EOs on the intestinal health of weaning piglets and reduces the adverse effect of EOs, and 100 mg/kg MEEOs are recommended as a health promoter in piglets during the weaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Mo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Fenfen Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengjia Ni
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Harnessing murine models of Crohn's disease ileitis to advance concepts of pathophysiology and treatment. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:10-26. [PMID: 34316007 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are both characterized by chronic inflammation and severe dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. These two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represent distinct clinical disorders with diverse driving mechanisms; however, this divergence is not reflected in currently approved therapeutics that commonly target general proinflammatory pathways. A compelling need therefore remains to understand factors that differentiate the topology and the distinct clinical manifestations of CD versus UC, in order to develop more effective and specialized therapies. Animal models provide valuable platforms for studying IBD heterogeneity and deciphering disease-specific mechanisms. Both the established and the newly developed ileitis mouse models are characterized by various disease initiating mechanisms and diverse phenotypic outcomes that reflect the complexity of human CD-ileitis. Microbial dysbiosis, destruction of epithelial barrier integrity, immune cell deregulation, as well as the recently described genome instability and stromal cell activation have all been proposed as the triggering factors for the development of ileitis-associated pathology. In this review, we aim to critically evaluate the mechanistic underpinnings of murine models of CD-ileitis, discuss their phenotypic similarities to human disease, and envisage their further exploitation for the development of novel targeted and personalized therapeutics.
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Alonazi M, Ben Bacha A, Al Suhaibani A, Almnaizel AT, Aloudah HS, El-Ansary A. Psychobiotics improve propionic acid-induced neuroinflammation in juvenile rats, rodent model of autism. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:292-300. [PMID: 36133749 PMCID: PMC9462542 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective and therapeutic potency of bee pollen and probiotic mixture on brain intoxication caused by propionic acid (PPA) in juvenile rats. Five groups of six animals each, were used: the control group only receiving phosphate-buffered saline; the bee pollen and probiotic-treated group receiving a combination of an equal quantity of bee pollen and probiotic (0.2 kg/kg body weight); the PPA group being treated for 3 days with an oral neurotoxic dose of PPA (0.25 kg/kg body weight); the protective and therapeutic groups receiving bee pollen and probiotic mixture treatment right before and after the neurotoxic dose of PPA, respectively. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) were investigated to evaluate the neuroinflammatory responses in brain tissues from different animal groups. The much higher IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-γ, as pro-inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.001), together with much lower IL-10, as anti-inflammatory cytokine (P < 0.001) compared to controls clearly demonstrated the neurotoxic effects of PPA. Interestingly, the mixture of bee pollen and probiotics was effective in alleviating PPA neurotoxic effects in both therapeutic and protective groups demonstrating highly significant changes in IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels together with non-significant reduction in IL-6 levels compared to PPA-treated rats. Overall, our findings demonstrated a new approach to the beneficial use of psychobiotics presenting as bee pollen and probiotic combination in neuroinflammation through cytokine changes as a possible role of glial cells in gut–brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alonazi
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.,Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Anwar Al Suhaibani
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad T Almnaizel
- Experimental Surgery and Animal Laboratory, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham S Aloudah
- Experimental Surgery and Animal Laboratory, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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He Q, Huang J, Zheng T, Lin D, Zhang H, Li J, Sun Z. Treatment with mixed probiotics induced, enhanced and diversified modulation of the gut microbiome of healthy rats. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6430860. [PMID: 34792102 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that multi-strain probitics could more strongly regulate intestinal cytokines and the mucosal barrier than the individual ingredient strains. Nevertheless, the potentially different gut microbiome modulation effects between multi-strain and single-strain probiotics treatments remain unexplored. Here, we administered three different Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains or their mixture to healthy Wistar rats and compared the shift of gut microbiome among the treatment groups. A 4-week intervention with mixed probiotics induced more drastic and diversified gut microbiome modulation than single-strain probiotics administration (alpha diversity increased 8% and beta diversity increased 18.7%). The three single-strain probiotics treatments all converged the gut microbiota, decreasing between-individual beta diversity by 12.7% on average after the treatment, while multi-strain probiotics treatment diversified the gut microbiome and increased between-individual beta diversity by 37.2% on average. Covariation analysis of the gut microbes suggests that multi-strain probiotics could exert synergistic, modified and enhanced modulation effects on the gut microbiome based on strain-specific modulation effects of probiotics. The more heterogeneous responses to the multi-strain probiotics treatment suggest that future precision microbiome modulation should consider the potential interactions of the probiotic strains, and personalized response to probiotic formulas due to heterogenous gut microbial compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwen He
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jiating Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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Bamias G, Cominelli F. Exploring the Early Phase of Crohn's Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:2469-2480. [PMID: 32949730 PMCID: PMC9217179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by a breakdown of homeostatic immune-bacterial communication, which takes place at the intestinal mucosa when environmental triggers impact genetically predisposed individuals. Converging lines of evidence support the hypothesis that this pathogenetic model develops through sequential, although inter-related, steps that indicate failure of mucosal defense mechanisms at various stages. In this context, immunologic phenomena that mediate the initial appearance of inflammatory lesions across the intestinal tissue may differ substantially from those that mediate and perpetuate chronic inflammatory responses. A compromise in the integrity of the epithelial barrier is among the earliest events and leads to accelerated influx of intraluminal antigens and intact microorganisms within the immunologically rich lamina propria. Inadequate clearance of invading microorganisms also may occur as a result of defects in innate immunity, preventing the timely and complete resolution of acute inflammatory responses. The final step is the development of persistent adaptive responses, which also differ between early and late Crohn's disease. Current progress in our ability to delineate single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics has allowed the discovery of cellular and molecular mechanisms that participate in each sequential step of CD development. This not only will advance our understanding of CD pathogenesis, but also facilitate the design of targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Bamias
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Third Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Abstract
Several products consist of probiotics that are available in markets, and their potential uses are growing day by day, mainly because some strains of probiotics promote the health of gut microbiota, especially Furmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and may prevent certain gastrointestinal tract (GIT) problems. Some common diseases are inversely linked with the consumption of probiotics, i.e., obesity, type 2 diabetes, autism, osteoporosis, and some immunological disorders, for which the disease progression gets delayed. In addition to disease mitigating properties, these microbes also improve oral, nutritional, and intestinal health, followed by a robust defensive mechanism against particular gut pathogens, specifically by antimicrobial substances and peptides producing probiotics (AMPs). All these positive attributes of probiotics depend upon the type of microbial strains dispensed. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bifidobacteria are the most common microbes used, but many other microbes are available, and their use depends upon origin and health-promoting properties. This review article focuses on the most common probiotics, their health benefits, and the alleviating mechanisms against chronic kidney diseases (CKD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and obesity.
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Zhang W, An Y, Qin X, Wu X, Wang X, Hou H, Song X, Liu T, Wang B, Huang X, Cao H. Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Colorectal Cancer: The Bad and the Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 11:739648. [PMID: 34733783 PMCID: PMC8558397 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from studies in humans and animal models has elucidated that gut microbiota, acting as a complex ecosystem, contributes critically to colorectal cancer (CRC). The potential mechanisms often reported emphasize the vital role of carcinogenic activities of specific pathogens, but in fact, a series of metabolites produced from exogenous dietary substrates or endogenous host compounds occupy a decisive position similarly. Detrimental gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, secondary bile acids, hydrogen sulfide and N-nitroso compounds could reconstruct the ecological composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microorganisms and formulate a microenvironment that opens susceptibility to carcinogenic stimuli. They are implicated in the occurrence, progression and metastasis of CRC through different mechanisms, including inducing inflammation and DNA damage, activating tumorigenic signaling pathways and regulating tumor immunity. In this review, we mainly summarized the intimate relationship between detrimental gut microbiota-derived metabolites and CRC, and updated the current knowledge about detrimental metabolites in CRC pathogenesis. Then, multiple interventions targeting these metabolites for CRC management were critically reviewed, including diet modulation, probiotics/prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, as well as more precise measures such as engineered bacteria, phage therapy and chemopreventive drugs. A better understanding of the interplay between detrimental microbial metabolites and CRC would hold great promise against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaping An
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiali Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiqin Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueli Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
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Effects of Different Fermented Feeds on Production Performance, Cecal Microorganisms, and Intestinal Immunity of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102799. [PMID: 34679821 PMCID: PMC8532698 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fermented feed exerts beneficial effects on intestinal microorganisms, host health, and production performance. However, the effect of fermented feed on laying hens is uncertain due to the different types of inoculated probiotics, fermentation substrates, and fermentation technology. Hence, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented feed with different compound strains on the performance and intestinal health of laying hens. Supplement fermented feed reduced the feed conversion ratio and promoted egg quality. Both dietary treatment (fermented feed A produced Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, and Yeast and fermented feed B produced by C. butyricum and L. salivarius) influenced intestinal immunity and regulated cecal microbial structure. This may be because the metabolites of microorganisms in fermented feed and the reduced pH value inhibited the colonization of harmful bacteria, improved the intestinal morphology, and then had a positive impact on the production performance and albumen quality of laying hens. Abstract This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different compound probiotics on the performance, cecal microflora, and intestinal immunity of laying hens. A total of 270 Jing Fen No.6 (22-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 groups: basal diet (CON); basal diet supplemented with 6% fermented feed A by Bacillussubtilis,Lactobacillus, and Yeast (FA); and with 6% fermented feed B by C. butyricum and L. salivarius (FB). Phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor, β-glucan concentrations, and pH value in fermented feed were lower than the CON group (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the experimental groups was decreased, while albumen height and Haugh unit were increased, compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). Fermented feed could upregulate the expression of the signal pathway (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) to inhibit mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05). Fermented feed promoted the level of Romboutsia (in the FA group) Butyricicoccus (in the FB group), and other beneficial bacteria, and reduced opportunistic pathogens, such as Enterocooccus (p < 0.05). Spearman’s correlations showed that the above bacteria were closely related to albumen height and intestinal immunity. In summary, fermented feed can decrease the feed conversion ratio, and improve the performance and intestinal immunity of laying hens, which may be related to the improvement of the cecal microflora structure.
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Tumor Necrosis Factor's Pathway in Crohn's Disease: Potential for Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910273. [PMID: 34638616 PMCID: PMC8508644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic disorder characterized by full thickness patchy inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and involves defective innate immune responses, microbiome alterations, and dysregulated activation of the acquired component of mucosal immunity. One of the molecular mediators that is involved at different levels in the initiation and progression of intestinal inflammation characteristic of CD is tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The present manuscript provides a comprehensive review focused on the potential role of TNF in the different phases of CD pathogenesis, particularly in light of its potential clinical implications. Currently available drugs blocking TNF are evaluated and discussed, specifically for open issues that still remain utilizing such therapy. TNF exerts a paramount role in the established phase of intestinal inflammation that characterizes CD patients, and anti-TNF biologics have definitely changed patient management, offering effective and safe options of treatment. Nonetheless, many patients still do not respond to anti-TNF therapy or experience unwanted side-effects. This could partially be due to the role that TNF plays in intestinal homeostasis that is particularly important during the early phase of the inflammatory process. In fact, emerging evidence supporting the dichotomous role of TNF and the identification of molecular markers will guide a more tailored and refined therapy for CD patients in the near future.
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Stürzl M, Kunz M, Krug SM, Naschberger E. Angiocrine Regulation of Epithelial Barrier Integrity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:643607. [PMID: 34409045 PMCID: PMC8365087 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.643607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease describes chronic inflammatory disorders. The incidence of the disease is rising. A major step in disease development is the breakdown of the epithelial cell barrier. Numerous blood vessels are directly located underneath this barrier. Diseased tissues are heavily vascularized and blood vessels significantly contribute to disease progression. The gut-vascular barrier (GVB) is an additional barrier controlling the entry of substances into the portal circulation and to the liver after passing the first epithelial barrier. The presence of the GVB rises the question, whether the vascular and endothelial barriers may communicate bi-directionally in the regulation of selective barrier permeability. Communication from epithelial to endothelial cells is well-accepted. In contrast, little is known on the respective backwards communication. Only recently, perfusion-independent angiocrine functions of endothelial cells were recognized in a way that endothelial cells release specific soluble factors that may directly act on the epithelial barrier. This review discusses the putative involvement of angiocrine inter-barrier communication in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, and Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne M. Krug
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Cizkova D, Cizek M, Maloveska M, Kmetova M, Kmet V, Bujnakova D. Cell-Free Lactobacillus casei 21L10 Modulates Nitric Oxide Release and Cell Proliferation/Cell Death in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged HT-29 Cells. Inflammation 2021; 44:2419-2428. [PMID: 34327573 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) is one of the probiotic strains that may influence intestinal injury and inflammation in nonspecific intestinal diseases. We aimed to evaluate the effect of cell-free Lactobacillus casei 21L10 supernatant (LC) on the cell line HT-29 challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in order to modulate production of NO, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Cell line HT-29 was stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of LC. Our results showed that LC from L. casei 21L10 did not affect the viability of unstimulated HT-29 cells line. HT-29 cell line treatment with LC caused significant decrease of LPS induced NO production after 3 h, and 24 h, but not after 48 h. Proliferation activity of LPS stimulated HT-29 cell line analysed with MTT assay significantly decreased after 24 h and 48 h, but not after 3 h. The majority of LPS stimulated HT-29 cell line treated with LC showed annexin V/PI positivity at 48 h survival, which corresponded to late apoptotic/necrotic cell features. The observed differences suggest that cell-free L. casei 21L10 supernatant could participate in attenuation of LPS-induced inflammation, and may exhibit anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic/necrotic effects. This study provides pilot data for the further development of L. casei exoproducts as an anti-inflammatory or anti-proliferative agent for the treatment of inflammatory and cancer diseases in gut. However, more data is needed before final conclusions of L. casei cell-free supernatant's efficacy can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasa Cizkova
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Cizek
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Maloveska
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Marta Kmetova
- University of Pavol Jozef Safarik, Faculty of Medicine, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Kmet
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Dobroslava Bujnakova
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia.
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Probiotic/Synbiotic Treatment and Postoperative Complications in Colorectal Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 11:e00268. [PMID: 33512803 PMCID: PMC7714058 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Post-CRC resection complications and lower quality of life (QoL) are associated with a lower long-term survival. Perioperative administration of probiotics/synbiotics might lower prevalence of side effects and improve QoL and survival among CRC patients. Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane database, Embase, and clinical trials registries were searched in January 2020. Altogether, 16 randomized placebo-controlled probiotic/synbiotic clinical trials that included patients undergoing CRC surgery and investigated postoperative complications and QoL side effects were found. Meta-analyses using random-effects model were performed on data from 11 studies to calculate the effects of probiotics/synbiotics on common CRC resection postoperative side effects and complications. Perioperative probiotics/synbiotics administration was associated with lower infection incidence (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34, P < 0.001), lower diarrheal incidence (OR = 0.38, P < 0.001), faster return to normal gut function (mean difference [MD] −0.66 days, P < 0.001), shorter postoperative antibiotics use (MD −0.64 days, P < 0.001), lower incidence of septicemia (OR = 0.31, P < 0.001), and shorter length of hospital stay (MD −0.41 days, P = 0.110). The results support the hypothesis that short-term perioperative administration of probiotics/synbiotics, which are easy to administer, have few side-effects, and are low cost compared with alternatives, might help to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms and postoperative complications among CRC patients.
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Guo M, Zhang C, Zhang C, Zhang X, Wu Y. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Reduces the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli in Chickens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:664604. [PMID: 34140939 PMCID: PMC8203825 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus is a recognized probiotic that is widely used in scientific research and clinical applications. This study found that the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) strain can reduce the adhesion of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells by 75.7% and inhibit 41.7% of the E. coli that adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, LGG showed strong inhibitory ability on the growth of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Paratyphi B, and Salmonella Enteritidis in vitro. Furthermore, the influence of LGG on the growth performance, intestinal flora, immunity, and disease resistance of chickens was explored. Chickens fed with LGG exhibited increased average daily weight gain and concentrations of sIgA, IgG, and IgM than did controls. After 21 days of feeding, a diet with LGG increased the diversity of intestinal microbiota and maintained intestinal health. Moreover, LGG promoted immunologic barriers by upregulating cytokines and chemokines via the Toll-like receptor. The major pro-inflammatory factors, including Myd88, NF-κB, Il6, and Il8, were upregulated compared to controls. After being challenged with E. coli, the survival rate of chickens fed with LGG was significantly higher than those in the control group, and decreased numbers of E. coli were detected in the heart and lungs of the LGG group. In summary, oral administration of LGG to chickens could improve growth performance, maintain intestinal homeostasis, and enhance innate immune response and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Congyue Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou, China
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