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Flick KF, Soufi M, Yip-Schneider MT, Simpson RE, Colgate CL, Nguyen TK, Ceppa EP, House MG, Zyromski NJ, Nakeeb A, Schmidt CM. Routine Gastric Decompression after Pancreatoduodenectomy: Treating the Surgeon? J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 25:2902-2907. [PMID: 33772404 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-04971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decision to routinely leave a nasogastric tube after pancreatoduodenectomy remains controversial. We sought to determine the impact of immediate nasogastric tube removal versus early nasogastric tube removal (<24 h) on postoperative outcomes. METHODS A retrospective review of our institution's prospective ACS-NSQIP database identified patients that underwent pancreatoduodenectomy from 2015 to 2018. Outcomes were compared among patients with immediate nasogastric tube removal versus early nasogastric tube removal. RESULTS A total of 365 patients were included in primary analysis (no nasogastric tube, n = 99; nasogastric tube removed <24 h, n = 266). Thirty-day mortality and infectious, renal, cardiovascular, and pulmonary morbidity were similar in comparing those with no nasogastric tube versus early nasogastric tube removal on univariable and multivariable analyses (P > 0.05). Incidence of delayed gastric emptying (11.1 versus 13.2%) was similar between groups. Patients with no nasogastric tube less frequently required nasogastric tube reinsertion (n = 4, 4%) compared to patients with NGT <24 h (n = 39, 15%) (OR = 3.83, 95% CI [1.39-10.58]; P = 0.009). CONCLUSION Routine gastric decompression can be safely avoided after uneventful pancreaticoduodenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Flick
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M Soufi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M T Yip-Schneider
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Walther Oncology Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Health Pancreatic Cyst and Cancer Early Detection Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R E Simpson
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - C L Colgate
- Center for Outcomes Research in Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - T K Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - E P Ceppa
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M G House
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - N J Zyromski
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Nakeeb
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - C M Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Walther Oncology Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana University Health Pancreatic Cyst and Cancer Early Detection Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Current practices in the management of corrosive ingestion in children: A questionnaire-based survey and recommendations. Indian J Gastroenterol 2021; 40:316-325. [PMID: 33991312 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-021-01153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Corrosive ingestion causes significant morbidity in children with no standard guidelines regarding management. This survey aimed to understand practices adopted by gastroenterologists, identify lacunae in evaluation and management and suggest a practical algorithm. METHODS Indian gastroenterologists participated in an online survey (65 questions) on managing corrosive ingestion. When ≥ 50% of respondents agreed on a management option, it was considered as 'agreement'. RESULTS Ninety-eight gastroenterologists (72 pediatric) who had managed a total of ~ 2600 corrosive ingestions in the last 5 years responded. The commonest age group affected was 2-5 years (61%). Majority of ingestion was accidental (89%) with 80% due to improper corrosive storage. Ingestion of alkali and acid was equally common (alkali 41%, acid 39%, unknown 20%). History of inducing-vomiting after ingestion by community physicians was present in 57%. There was an agreement on 77% of questions. The respondents agreed on endoscopy (70%) and chest X-ray (67%) in all, irrespective of symptoms. Endoscopy was considered safe on days 1-5 after ingestion (91%) and relatively contraindicated thereafter. The consensus was to use acid suppression, always (59%); steroids, never (68%) and antibiotics, if indicated (59%). Feeding was based on endoscopic findings: oral in mild injuries and nasogastric (NG) in others. Eighty percent placed a NG tube under endoscopic guidance. Stricture dilatation was considered safe after 4 weeks of ingestion. Agreement on duration of acid suppression and stricture management (dilatation protocol and refractory strictures) was lacking. CONCLUSION Corrosive ingestion mostly affects 2-5-year olds and is accidental in majority. It can be potentially prevented by proper storage and labelling of corrosives. An algorithm for management is proposed.
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Parker JD. Pulmonary aspiration during procedural sedation for colonoscopy resulting from positional change managed without oral endotracheal intubation. JA Clin Rep 2020; 6:53. [PMID: 32666416 PMCID: PMC7360006 DOI: 10.1186/s40981-020-00360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary aspiration under anaesthesia is a feared complication. It is likely that the incidence of aspiration occurring during procedural sedation is underreported; although rare, fatalities do occur. The supine position increases the risk of pulmonary aspiration in gastrointestinal endoscopy during procedural sedation. Immediate oral endotracheal intubation has traditionally been the cornerstone of management for aspiration during anaesthesia; however, this may not be always beneficial when aspiration occurs during procedural sedation. To my knowledge, this is the first case report of aspiration pneumonitis resulting from surgical repositioning during colonoscopy under procedural sedation. Case presentation A 72-year-old female underwent elective outpatient diagnostic colonoscopy. Intravenous propofol infusion was commenced for the procedural sedation. A large amount of non-particulate vomitus was expelled from the oropharynx as the patient was repositioned from the left lateral to supine position. Oxygen saturation on pulse oximetry immediately dropped to below 90% during the event. The patient was managed successfully without oral endotracheal intubation. Conclusions Anaesthesiologists need to be mindful of factors that raise the risk of aspiration during procedural sedation. Gastrointestinal endoscopy poses a higher risk of aspiration than other procedures, and positional change may be a precipitant. Aspiration that occurs during procedural sedation may be more safely managed by avoiding immediate oral endotracheal intubation.
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Lai CJ, Chang WC, Huang CH, Hsiao CF, Cheng YJ. Perioperative gastroesophageal regurgitation in patients with elevated abdominal pressure with nasogastric tubes? A simulation model based on esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1435-1438. [PMID: 32184006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased abdominal pressure is common in obese patients and predisposes them to gastroesophageal regurgitation (GER). To drain GER and prevent aspiration, nasogastric (NG) tubes are frequently inserted in obese patients undergoing general anesthesia. However, whether gastric drainage actually decreases the occurrence of GER remains to be elucidated. In this study, increased abdominal pressure was simulated with laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg (LPT) positioning, while the retained NG tube was replaced by a pre-inserted esophageal multichannel intraluminal and pH (MII-pH) monitoring. Fifteen patients undergoing elective gynecologic laparoscopy were enrolled in this study. Thirteen patients (86%) developed GER while in the LPT position. With the high occurrence of GER, pre-inserted NG tubes under general anesthesia are not likely to be protective in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jun Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chun Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Fen Hsiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Jung Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hsu FS, Huang WY, Chen YF, Wu LY, Wang SM, Huang KH. Nasogastric tube decompression is unnecessary in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for localized upper tract urothelial carcinoma. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 119:1353-1359. [PMID: 31813657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE This study investigates the safety and feasibility to perform laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) without routine nasogastric tube (NGT) decompression. METHODS The hospital-based samples comprised of 100 consecutive UTUC patients receiving elective LNU performed by two experienced surgeons. The nationwide data was based on LHID2005 composed of one million beneficiaries randomly selected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to identify patients with the diagnoses of UTUCs receiving LNUs. We then compared baseline characteristics, peri-operative data, convalescence parameters and complications between two groups stratified by use of NGT tube. RESULTS The hospital-based samples composed of 50 subjects with NGT and 50 without. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between two groups. Peri-operative and convalescence parameters were similar when comparing no NGT versus NGT: blood loss of 206 vs. 165 mL; operative time of 180.5 vs.181.1 min; days to intake was 2.1 vs.1.7 days; and hospital stay of 7.8 vs. 7.5 days (all p > 0.05). The nationwide study samples comprised 140 subjects, of which 72 were with NGT and 68 were with no NGT. The baseline data, complications and length of hospital stay were similar between two groups. CONCLUSION Surgery-naïve patients with localized UTUC received LNU without peri-operative NGT is safe and feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shun Hsu
- Department of Urology, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Huang
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare and Medical Care, Veterans Affairs Council, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Chen
- Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of European Studies, Tamkang University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suo-Meng Wang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen KT, Wu VC, Wu KD, Huang KH. Is prophylactic nasogastric tube decompression necessary in patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy for unilateral benign adrenal tumor. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 118:401-405. [PMID: 30006232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for benign adrenal tumor without peri-operative NGT decompression. METHODS From July 2010 to March 2014, 82 consecutive patients with benign unilateral adrenal tumor underwent elective laparoscopic adrenalectomy by a single surgeon were recruited for this study. We compared the clinico-demographic profile, estimated blood loss, operative time, time to full diet, time to ambulate, the length of hospital staying, analgesics use and complications between two groups stratified by the use of NGT. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the clinico-demographic profile of the two groups, including age, laterality, body mass index, gender, ASA classification, tumor diameter and histologic types between two groups. Peri-operative parameters were similar between NGT and Non-NGT groups (estimated blood loss, 55.85 vs. 54.4 ml; operative time, 110.3 vs. 112.3 min; p > 0.05) The post-operative outcome of interests, including days to full oral intake (3.32 vs. 3.34 days), days to ambulate (2.07 vs. 2.10 days), hospital stay (4.32 vs. 4.34 days), and analgesics use (6.00 vs. 5.83 mg; all p > 0.05) showed no significant difference between NGT and non-NGT group. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with benign unilateral adrenal tumor without the use of peri-operative nasogastric tube decompression is safe and feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ting Chen
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation (TAIPAI) Study Group, Taiwan
| | - Kwan-Dun Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation (TAIPAI) Study Group, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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„Rapid sequence induction and intubation“ beim aspirationsgefährdeten Patienten. Anaesthesist 2018; 67:568-583. [DOI: 10.1007/s00101-018-0460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lisowski ZM, Pirie RS, Blikslager AT, Lefebvre D, Hume DA, Hudson NPH. An update on equine post-operative ileus: Definitions, pathophysiology and management. Equine Vet J 2018; 50:292-303. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. M. Lisowski
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
| | - R. S. Pirie
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
| | - A. T. Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - D. Lefebvre
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
| | - D. A. Hume
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
- Mater Research; The University of Queensland; Woolloongabba Queensland Australia
| | - N. P. H. Hudson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush; Midlothian UK
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Zhang HW, Sun L, Yang XW, Feng F, Li GC. Safety of total gastrectomy without nasogastric and nutritional intubation. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:421-426. [PMID: 28894580 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety of gastrectomy without nasogastric and nutritional intubations. Between January 2010 and August 2015, 74 patients with gastric cancer received total gastric resection and esophagogastric anastomosis without nasogastric and nutritional intubations at the First Department of Digestive Surgery of the XiJing Hospital of Digestive Diseases (Xi'an, China), of whom 42 were also received earlier oral feeding within 48 h. The data were retrospectively analyzed. An additional 301 cases who underwent traditional postoperative intubation were used for comparison. In patients without intubation compared with those managed traditionally with intubation, the mean operative time was decreased (190.97±38.18 vs. 216.12±59.52 min, respectively; P=0.026). In addition, the postoperative activity was resumed earlier (1.16±0.47 vs. 1.36±0.84 days, respectively; P=0.009), oral food intake was started earlier (4.28±1.79 vs. 5.71±2.66 days, respectively; P=0.009), the incidence of fever was lower (12.16 vs. 29.23%, respectively; P=0.003), and the incidence of total complications was not statistically significantly different between the two groups (9.41 vs. 6.31%, respectively; P=0.317). There were no significant differences regarding complications of the anastomotic port (1.37 vs. 1.69%, respectively; P=0.849). Compared with traditional postoperative management, earlier oral feeding did not increase the incidence of complications (7.21 vs. 4.76%, respectively; P=0.557). Our results suggest that total gastric resection without nasogastric and nutritional intubation is a safe and feasible option for patients undergoing total gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Zhang
- First Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- First Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Wen Yang
- First Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fan Feng
- First Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Cai Li
- First Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Guilbaud T, Birnbaum DJ, Loubière S, Bonnet J, Chopinet S, Grégoire E, Berdah S, Hardwigsen J, Moutardier V. Comparison of different feeding regimes after pancreatoduodenectomy - a retrospective cohort analysis. Nutr J 2017; 16:42. [PMID: 28676052 PMCID: PMC5496601 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is the most frequent pancreatic specific complication (PSC) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Several gastric decompression systems exist to manage DGE. Patients with a pancreatic tumor require prolonged nutrition; however, controversies exist concerning nutrition protocol after PD. The aim of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of nasogastric (NG), gastrostomy (GT), and gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tubes with different feeding systems on postoperative courses. METHODS Between January 2013 and March 2016, 86 patients underwent PD with pancreaticogastrostomy. Patients were divided into three groups: GJ group with enteral nutrition (EN, n = 12, 14%), NG (n = 31, 36%) and GT groups (n = 43, 50%), both with total parenteral nutrition (TPN). RESULTS Patients in the GJ (n = 9, 75%) and GT (n = 18, 42%) groups had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of 3 more often than those in the NG group (n = 5, 16%, p ≤ 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified the GT tube with TPN as an independent risk factor of severe morbidity (p = 0.02) and DGE (p < 0.01). An ASA score of 3, jaundice, common pancreatic duct size ≤3 mm and soft pancreatic gland texture (p < 0.05) were found as independent risk factors of PSCs. Use of a GJ tube with EN, GT tube with TPN, jaundice, and PSCs were identified as independent risk factors for greater postoperative length of hospital stay (p < 0.01). Mean global hospitalization cost did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION GT tube insertion with TPN was associated with increased severe postoperative morbidity and DGE and should not be recommended. EN through a GJ tube after PD is feasible but does not have clear advantages on postoperative courses compared to an NG tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Guilbaud
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, Chemin des Bourrely 13915, cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - David Jérémie Birnbaum
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, Chemin des Bourrely 13915, cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Loubière
- Self perceived Health Assessment Research Unit and Department of Public health, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Julien Bonnet
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, Chemin des Bourrely 13915, cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Chopinet
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital La Timone, Aix-Marseille University, 264 Rue Saint-Pierre 13385, cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Grégoire
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital La Timone, Aix-Marseille University, 264 Rue Saint-Pierre 13385, cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Berdah
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, Chemin des Bourrely 13915, cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Hardwigsen
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital La Timone, Aix-Marseille University, 264 Rue Saint-Pierre 13385, cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Moutardier
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, Chemin des Bourrely 13915, cedex 20 Marseille, France
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Ichida H, Imamura H, Yoshimoto J, Sugo H, Ishizaki Y, Kawasaki S. Randomized Controlled Trial for Evaluation of the Routine Use of Nasogastric Tube Decompression After Elective Liver Surgery. J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 20:1324-30. [PMID: 27197829 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-016-3116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The value of routine nasogastric tube (NGT) decompression after elective hepatetctomy is not yet established. Previous studies in the setting of non-liver abdominal surgery suggested that the use of NGT decreased the incidence of nausea or vomiting, while increasing the frequency of pulmonary complications. STUDY DESIGN Out of a total of 284 consecutive patients undergoing hepatectomy, 210 patients were included in this study. The patients were randomized to a group that received NGT decompression (NGT group; n = 108), in which a NGT was left in place after surgery until the patient passed flatus or stool, or a group that did not receive NGT decompression (no-NGT group; n = 102), in which the NGT was removed at the end of surgery. RESULTS There were no differences between the NGT group and no-NGT group in terms of the overall morbidity (34.3 vs 35.3 %; P = 0.99), incidence of pulmonary complications (18.5 vs 19.5 %; P = 0.84), frequency of postoperative vomiting (6.5 vs 7.8 %; P = 0.70), time to start of oral intake (median (range) 3 (2-6) vs 3 (2-6) days; P = 0.69), or postoperative duration of hospital stay (19 (7-74) vs 18 (9-186) days; P = 0.37). In the no-NGT group, three patients required reinsertion of the tube 0 (0-3) days after surgery. In the NGT group, severe discomfort was recorded in five patients. CONCLUSIONS Routine NGT decompression after elective hepatectomy does not appear to have any advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Ichida
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imamura
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Jiro Yoshimoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugo
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ishizaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Seiji Kawasaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Feldheiser A, Aziz O, Baldini G, Cox BPBW, Fearon KCH, Feldman LS, Gan TJ, Kennedy RH, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN, Miller T, Radtke FF, Ruiz Garces T, Schricker T, Scott MJ, Thacker JK, Ytrebø LM, Carli F. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2016; 60:289-334. [PMID: 26514824 PMCID: PMC5061107 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The present interdisciplinary consensus review proposes clinical considerations and recommendations for anaesthetic practice in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery with an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) programme. Methods Studies were selected with particular attention being paid to meta‐analyses, randomized controlled trials and large prospective cohort studies. For each item of the perioperative treatment pathway, available English‐language literature was examined and reviewed. The group reached a consensus recommendation after critical appraisal of the literature. Results This consensus statement demonstrates that anaesthesiologists control several preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative ERAS elements. Further research is needed to verify the strength of these recommendations. Conclusions Based on the evidence available for each element of perioperative care pathways, the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS ®) Society presents a comprehensive consensus review, clinical considerations and recommendations for anaesthesia care in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery within an ERAS programme. This unified protocol facilitates involvement of anaesthesiologists in the implementation of the ERAS programmes and allows for comparison between centres and it eventually might facilitate the design of multi‐institutional prospective and adequately powered randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Feldheiser
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow‐Klinikum Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany
| | - O. Aziz
- St. Mark's Hospital Harrow Middlesex UK
| | - G. Baldini
- Department of Anesthesia McGill University Health Centre Montreal General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - B. P. B. W. Cox
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy University Hospital Maastricht (azM) Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - K. C. H. Fearon
- University of Edinburgh The Royal Infirmary Clinical Surgery Edinburgh UK
| | - L. S. Feldman
- Department of Surgery McGill University Health Centre Montreal General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - T. J. Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - R. H. Kennedy
- St. Mark's Hospital/Imperial College Harrow, Middlesex/London UK
| | - O. Ljungqvist
- Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Health Örebro University Örebro Sweden
| | - D. N. Lobo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham UK
| | - T. Miller
- Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - F. F. Radtke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow‐Klinikum Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany
| | - T. Ruiz Garces
- Anestesiologa y Reanimacin Hospital Clinico Lozano Blesa Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - T. Schricker
- Department of Anesthesia McGill University Health Centre Royal Victoria Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - M. J. Scott
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust University of Surrey Surrey UK
| | - J. K. Thacker
- Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - L. M. Ytrebø
- Department of Anaesthesiology University Hospital of North Norway Tromso Norway
| | - F. Carli
- Department of Anesthesia McGill University Health Centre Montreal General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
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Abstract
An enhanced recovery after surgery strategy will be increasingly adopted in the era of value-based care. The various elements in each enhanced recovery after surgery protocol are likely to add value to the overall patient surgical journey. Although the evidence varies considerably based on type of surgery and patient group, the team-based approach of care should be universally applied to patient care. This article provides an overview of up-to-date techniques and methodology for enhanced recovery, including an overview of value-based care, delivery, and the evidence base supporting enhanced recovery after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Chandrakantan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, HSC Level 4, Room 060, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8480, USA
| | - Tong Joo Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, HSC Level 4, Room 060, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8480, USA.
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15
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Lyadov KV, Kochatkov AV, Lyadov VK. [Concept of accelerated postoperative rehabilitation in treatment of colic tumors]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2015:84-90. [PMID: 26331174 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia2015684-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K V Lyadov
- Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Kochatkov
- Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V K Lyadov
- Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Clinical observation of radical total gastrectomy without postoperative gastrointestinal decompression in elderly patients with gastric cancer. Int J Nurs Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Pacelli F, Rosa F, Marrelli D, Morgagni P, Framarini M, Cristadoro L, Pedrazzani C, Casadei R, Cozzaglio L, Covino M, Donini A, Roviello F, de Manzoni G, Doglietto GB. Naso-gastric or naso-jejunal decompression after partial distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Final results of a multicenter prospective randomized trial. Gastric Cancer 2014; 17:725-32. [PMID: 24292257 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-013-0319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few, small, monocentric randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared routine vs. no placement of a nasogastric or nasojejunal tube decompression (NG/NJT) in patients undergoing partial distal gastrectomy (PDG) for gastric cancer. However, to our knowledge, no multicenter prospective RCT has analyzed the role of decompression after both the Billroth II (BII) procedure and Roux-en-Y (RY) gastrojejunostomy. The aim of this study was to determine whether NG/NJT prevents the consequences of postoperative ileus after PDG for gastric cancer after both BII reconstruction and RY. METHODS Two hundred seventy patients undergoing PDG for gastric cancer were randomly assigned NG/NJT placement (NG/NJT group) or not (no-NG/NJT group) with either Billroth II gastrojejunostomy or Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. The patients were monitored for postoperative complications, mortality, and postoperative course. RESULTS By January 2010 to June 2012, among 270 patients undergoing PDG for gastric cancer, 134 were randomly assigned to NG/NJT placement (NG/NJT group) and 136 to no decompression (no-NG/NJT group). Time to passage of flatus was significantly shorter in the NG/NJT group than in the no-NG/NJT group, but only after RY reconstruction (3.3 ± 1.5 vs. 4.3 ± 1.6 days, P < 0.001, respectively). Postoperative abdominal distention was significantly lower in the NG/NJT group than in the no-NG/NJT group after both BII and the RY procedure (P < 0.001). No significant differences in postoperative mortality or morbidity, especially anastomotic leakage or intra-abdominal sepsis, were observed between the groups. CONCLUSION Routine placement of an NG/NJT after BII and RY PDG is not necessary in elective surgery for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pacelli
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Catholic University "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
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18
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Han Y, Qu XL, Fu H. Gastric cancer surgery without nasogastric decompression. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:4075-4080. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i27.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasogastric decompression (ND) has been used worldwide in gastric cancer surgery as a traditional way since Hunter pioneered. Most surgeons believe that using ND in abdominal surgery could relieve the internal pressure of anastomosis and reduce the incidence of anastomotic leakage. However, there has no strict scientific evidence for this obtained from medical studies, especially prospective studies. In recent years, several studies have shown that routine use of ND after surgery could not prevent anastomotic leakage or accelerate the recovery of bowel function, and surgery without ND did not increase the risk of anastomotic leakage. All kinds of gastric cancer surgery could be performed safely without ND, which greatly reduces the suffering of the patients, accelerates postoperative recovery, and reduces the workload significantly. If patients with pyloric obstruction or bleeding receive ND before surgery, nasogastric tube could be removed after they waked up. Gastric cancer surgery without ND is safe and deserves clinical popularization. This review summarizes the safety and significance of gastric cancer surgery without ND.
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19
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Harmon J, Balakrishnan K, de Alarcon A, Hart CK. The nasogastric tube syndrome in infants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:882-4. [PMID: 24725648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This series of three patients is the first description of the presentation, clinical course, and endoscopic findings of nasogastric tube-related airway distress, or nasogastric tube syndrome, in infants. We identify key differences in disease features from those described in adults, based on our literature review. Specifically, infant nasogastric tube syndrome presented as significant respiratory distress and postcricoid inflammation without vocal fold immobility. Symptoms resolved more quickly (mean±SD, 2±1 days) than reported in adults. We suggest that nasogastric tube syndrome should be considered in infants with otherwise unexplained respiratory distress, even in the absence of impaired vocal fold mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Harmon
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Office of Student Affairs, Medical Sciences Building E-251, PO Box 670552, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Karthik Balakrishnan
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC-2018, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Alessandro de Alarcon
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC-2018, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 0528, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Catherine K Hart
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC-2018, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 0528, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
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20
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Salem MR, Khorasani A, Saatee S, Crystal GJ, El-Orbany M. Gastric tubes and airway management in patients at risk of aspiration: history, current concepts, and proposal of an algorithm. Anesth Analg 2014; 118:569-79. [PMID: 23757470 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3182917f11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rapid sequence induction and intubation (RSII) and awake tracheal intubation are commonly used anesthetic techniques in patients at risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric or esophageal contents. Some of these patients may have a gastric tube (GT) placed preoperatively. Currently, there are no guidelines regarding which patient should have a GT placed before anesthetic induction. Furthermore, clinicians are not in agreement as to whether to keep a GT in situ, or to partially or completely withdraw it before anesthetic induction. In this review we provide a historical perspective of the use of GTs during anesthetic induction in patients at risk of pulmonary aspiration. Before the introduction of cricoid pressure (CP) in 1961, various techniques were used including RSII combined with a head-up tilt. Sellick initially recommended the withdrawal of the GT before anesthetic induction. He hypothesized that a GT increases the risk of regurgitation and interferes with the compression of the upper esophagus during CP. He later modified his view and emphasized the safety of CP in the presence of a GT. Despite subsequent studies supporting the effectiveness of CP in occluding the esophagus around a GT, Sellick's early view has been perpetuated by investigators who recommend partial or complete withdrawal of the GT. On the basis of available information, we have formulated an algorithm for airway management in patients at risk of aspiration of gastric or esophageal contents. The approach in an individual patient depends on: the procedure; type and severity of the underlying pathology; state of consciousness; likelihood of difficult airway; whether or not the GT is in place; contraindications to the use of RSII or CP. The algorithm calls for the preanesthetic use of a large-bore GT to remove undigested food particles and awake intubation in patients with achalasia, and emptying the pouch by external pressure and avoidance of a GT in patients with Zenker diverticulum. It also stipulates that in patients with gastric distension without predictable airway difficulties, a clinical and imaging assessment will determine the need for a GT and in severe cases an attempt to insert a GT should be made. In the latter cases, the success of placement will indicate whether to use RSII or awake intubation. The GT should not be withdrawn and should be connected to suction during induction. Airway management and the use of GTs in the surgical correction of certain gastrointestinal anomalies in infants and children are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramez Salem
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and †Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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21
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Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common occurrence in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. Reflux can lead to pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents and subsequent pneumonia. Several characteristics of patients, interventions provided in the intensive care unit setting, and factors associated with feeding increase a patient's risk for reflux. Critical care nurses and clinical nurse specialists can identify patients at highest risk for GER by utilizing the patient's history, reviewing the medications, and assessing the current status to provide interventions to reduce the risk of GER and its sequelae of aspiration pneumonia. This article reviews the physiology of GER, risk factors, and interventions to decrease GER in the critically ill patient.
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22
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Chao HL, Miao SJ, Liu PF, Lee HHC, Chen YM, Yao CT, Chou HL. The beneficial effect of ST-36 (Zusanli) acupressure on postoperative gastrointestinal function in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2013; 40:E61-8. [PMID: 23448746 DOI: 10.1188/13.onf.e61-e68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of ST-36 (Zusanli) acupressure on recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function in patients with colorectal cancer. DESIGN A longitudinal, randomized, controlled trial design. SETTING An urban medical center in Taiwan. SAMPLE 60 patients with colorectal cancer who had undergone abdominal surgery. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to two groups, the ST-36 acupressure group (n = 30) and a sham acupressure group (n = 30). Patients in the ST-36 group received an acupressure procedure in a three-minute cycle performed three times per day during the five days after surgery. Patients in the control group received routine postoperative care and sham acupressure. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to gauge longitudinal effects of the two groups of patients. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Frequency of bowel sounds, the time to first flatus passage, first liquid intake, solid intake, and defecation. FINDINGS Patients who received acupressure had significantly earlier flatus passage and time to liquid intake as compared to patients in the control group. Other main variables, including the first time to solid intake and defecation, did not show significant difference between the two groups. The GEE method revealed that all patients had increasing bowel sounds over time, and the experimental group had greater improvement of bowel motility than the control group within the period of 2-3 days postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS ST-36 acupressure was able to shorten the time to first flatus passage, oral liquid intake, and improve gastrointestinal function in patients after abdominal surgery. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING ST-36 acupressure can be integrated into postoperative adjunct nursing care to assist patients' postoperative gastrointestinal function. KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION Few studies have explored the effectiveness of acupressure techniques on promoting bowel sounds. Evidence from this study suggests stimulation of the ST-36 acupressure point can increase bowel sound frequency for patients with colorectal cancer in the first three days after surgery. Application of this technique may improve a patient's comfort after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lin Chao
- Department of Nursing, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, Fearon KCH, Norderval S, Lobo DN, Ljungqvist O, Soop M, Ramirez J. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(®)) Society recommendations. World J Surg 2013; 37:285-305. [PMID: 23052796 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-012-1787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang Y, Wang HY, Wang CM. Effect of vacuum sealed drainage on recovery of gastrointestinal function in gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy. Cancer Biol Med 2013; 9:266-9. [PMID: 23691488 PMCID: PMC3643670 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the effect of vacuum sealed drainage on the recovery of gastrointestinal function in gastric patients after radical gastrectomy. METHODS One hundred and twenty patients who received radical for gastric cancer were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group received continuous gastrointestinal decompression to drain the gastric juices after radical gastrectomy, whereas patients in the treatment group received vacuum sealed drainage. The postoperative variables between the two groups were compared, including time of bowel sound reoccurrence, time of the first flatus, indwelling time of gastric tube, days of hospitalization, and complications, such as anastomotic leakage, intestinal obstruction, wound infection, pulmonary infection, fever, and pharyngitis. SPSS 13.0 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN THE FOLLOWING VARIABLES WERE OBSERVED IN PATIENTS BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS: time of bowel sound reoccurrence, time of the first flatus, indwelling time of gastric tube, and length of hospitalization of the patients. The value of each of these variables was much smaller in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the incidence of anastomotic leakage, intestinal obstruction, and wound infection among patients between the two groups (P>0.05). However, a significant differences were observed in the incidence of pulmonary infection, fever, and pharyngitis among the patients between the two groups (P<0.05), with much lower incidence of the variables in the treatment group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Vacuum sealed drainage used in gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy can accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal function and reduce postoperative complications. Moreover, it shortens the indwelling time of the gastric tube, thereby making the patients feel comfortable without the disturbance from the gastric tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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25
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Lassen K, Coolsen MM, Slim K, Carli F, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Schäfer M, Parks RW, Fearon KC, Lobo DN, Demartines N, Braga M, Ljungqvist O, Dejong CH. Guidelines for perioperative care for pancreaticoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr 2012; 31:817-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, Fearon KCH, Norderval S, Lobo DN, Ljungqvist O, Soop M, Ramirez J. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr 2012; 31:801-16. [PMID: 23062720 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review aims to present a consensus for optimal perioperative care in rectal/pelvic surgery, and to provide graded recommendations for items for an evidenced-based enhanced recovery protocol. METHODS Studies were selected with particular attention paid to meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials and large prospective cohorts. For each item of the perioperative treatment pathway, available English-language literature was examined, reviewed and graded. A consensus recommendation was reached after critical appraisal of the literature by the group. RESULTS For most of the protocol items, recommendations are based on good-quality trials or meta-analyses of good-quality trials (evidence grade: high or moderate). CONCLUSIONS Based on the evidence available for each item of the multimodal perioperative care pathway, the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society, European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and International Association for Surgical Metabolism and Nutrition (IASMEN) present a comprehensive evidence-based consensus review of perioperative care for rectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nygren
- Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Lassen K, Coolsen MME, Slim K, Carli F, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Schäfer M, Parks RW, Fearon KCH, Lobo DN, Demartines N, Braga M, Ljungqvist O, Dejong CHC. Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations. World J Surg 2012; 37:240-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-012-1771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Sindell S, Causey MW, Bradley T, Poss M, Moonka R, Thirlby R. Expediting return of bowel function after colorectal surgery. Am J Surg 2012; 203:644-648. [PMID: 22459445 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative ileus is the main determinant of the length of hospital stay after colorectal surgery. Our objective was to analyze modifiable factors, including polyethylene glycol administration, associated with the return of bowel function. METHODS A retrospective review of all patients who underwent elective open partial colectomy from 2004 to 2006 at a single institution. RESULTS The time to the first bowel movement with and without oral intake within 48 hours postoperatively was 76 hours versus 134 hours (P < .001); with and without polyethylene glycol administration it was 73 hours versus 94 hours (P = .001); and with and without frequent ambulation it was 78 hours versus 95 hours (P = .012). With postoperative nasogastric tube drainage, the time to the first bowel movement was 22 hours longer (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS These data confirm previous findings supporting no nasogastric tube drainage, early feeding, and frequent ambulation after colorectal surgery. Additionally, our data suggest a strong association (P = .001) between the use of polyethylene glycol and the early return of bowel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sindell
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, 1100 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - M Wayne Causey
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, 1100 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Tabetha Bradley
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, 1100 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Mariola Poss
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, 1100 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Ravi Moonka
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, 1100 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Richard Thirlby
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, 1100 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
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Chen CJ, Liu TP, Yu JC, Hsua SD, Hsieh TY, Chu HC, Hsieh CB, Chen TW, Chan DC. Roux-en-Y reconstruction does not require gastric decompression after radical distal gastrectomy. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:251-6. [PMID: 22294828 PMCID: PMC3261542 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i3.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine whether routine nasogastric (NG) decompression benefitted patients undergoing radical gastric surgery.
METHODS: Between January 1998 and December 2008, 519 patients who underwent distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer were retrospectively divided into 2 time-period cohorts; those treated with Billroth II (BII) reconstruction in the first 6 years and those with Roux-en-Y (RY) reconstruction in the last 5 years. In the latter group, the patients were further divided into 2 subgroups; with and without nasogastric decompression.
RESULTS: Postoperatively, there were no significant differences in the number of anastomotic leaks between the 3 groups. In the tubeless RY group, time to semi-liquid diet was significantly shorter than in the other 2 groups (4.4 d ± 1.4 d vs 7.2 d ± 1.3 d and 5.9 d ± 1.2 d, P = 0.005). The length of postoperative stay was significantly increased in patients with BII reconstruction compared with patients with RY reconstruction with/without NG decompression (15.4 d ± 4.3 d in BIIgroup vs 12.6 d ± 3.1 d in decompressed RY and 11.4 d ± 3.4 d in the tubeless RY group, P = 0.035). The postoperative pneumonia rate was lowest in the tubeless group and highest in the BII group (1.4% vs 4.6%, P = 0.01). Severe sore throat was noted in 59 (20.7%) members of the BII group, 18 (17.4%) members of the decompressed RY group and 6 (4.2%) members of the tubeless RY group. Fewer patients in the tubeless group complained of severe sore throat (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: This study provides support for abandoning routine NG decompression in patients undergoing subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy.
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30
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Choi YY, Kim J, Seo D, Choi D, Kim MJ, Kim JH, Lee KJ, Hur KY. Is routine nasogastric tube insertion necessary in pancreaticoduodenectomy? JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SURGICAL SOCIETY 2011; 81:257-62. [PMID: 22111081 PMCID: PMC3219851 DOI: 10.4174/jkss.2011.81.4.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The necessity of nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgical procedures has been increasingly questioned for several years. Traditionally, nasogastric decompression is a mandatory procedure after classical pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD); however, we still do not know whether or not it is necessary for PD. The present study was designed to assess the clinical benefit of nasogastric decompression after PD. Methods Between July 2004 and May 2007, 41 consecutive patients who underwent PD were enrolled in this study. Eighteen patients were enrolled in the nasogastric tube (NGT) group and 23 patients were enrolled in the no NGT group. Results There were no differences in the demographics, pathology, co-morbid medical conditions, and pre-operative laboratory values between the two groups. In addition, the passage of flatus (P = 0.963) and starting time of oral intake (P = 0.951) were similar in both groups. In the NGT group, 61% of the patients complained of discomfort related to the NGT. Pleural effusions were frequent in the NGT group (P = 0.037); however, other post-operative complications, such as wound dehiscence and anastomotic leakage, occurred similarly in both groups. There was one case of NGT re-insertion in the NGT group. Conclusion Routine nasogastric decompression in patients undergoing PD is not mandatory because it has no clinical advantages and increases patient discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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31
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[Antibiotic prophylaxis and endoluminal tubes]. Chirurg 2011; 82:1075-8. [PMID: 22008844 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-011-2120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Surgical site infections are one of the most common complications after surgical procedures. The use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis can successfully reduce the number of wound infections. The indications, timing and choice of antibiotics are discussed critically. Taken together antibiotic prophylaxis should be evaluated depending on wound contamination, the type of operation and patient-specific risk factors. In the second part of this work the current literature on the effectiveness of endoluminal tubes in abdominal surgery is analyzed. While many surgeons use these tubes regularly in elective abdominal surgery, only few data are available on this topic. The use of nasogastric tubes in elective surgery should be avoided.
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van Wijk MP, Blackshaw LA, Dent J, Benninga MA, Davidson GP, Omari TI. Distension of the esophagogastric junction augments triggering of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G713-8. [PMID: 21817061 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00523.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease show an increase in esophagogastric junction (EGJ) distensibility and in frequency of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESR) induced by gastric distension. The objective was to study the effect of localized EGJ distension on triggering of TLESR in healthy volunteers. An esophageal manometric catheter incorporating an 8-cm internal balloon adjacent to a sleeve sensor was developed to enable continuous recording of EGJ pressure during distension of the EGJ. Inflation of the balloon doubled the cross-section of the trans-sphincteric portion of the catheter from 5 mm OD (round) to 5 × 11 mm (oval). Ten healthy subjects were included. After catheter placement and a 30-min adaptation period, the EGJ was randomly distended or not, followed by a 45-min baseline recording. Subjects consumed a refluxogenic meal, and recordings were made for 3 h postprandially. A repeat study was performed on another day with EGJ distension status reversed. Additionally, in one subject MRI was performed to establish the exact position of the balloon in the inflated state. The number of TLESR increased during periods of EGJ distension with the effect being greater after a meal [baseline: 2.0(0.0-4.0) vs. 4.0(1.0-11.0), P=0.04; postprandial: 15.5(10.0-33.0) vs. 22.0(17.0-58.0), P=0.007 for undistended and distended, respectively]. EGJ distension augments meal-induced triggering of TLESR in healthy volunteers. Our data suggest the existence of a population of vagal afferents located at sites in/around the EGJ that may influence triggering of TLESR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel P van Wijk
- Endoscopy Dept., Academic Medical Center Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hornez E, Beyer L, Bourgouin S, Calvary R, Monchal T, Moutardier V, Orsonni P, Berdah S. Routine gastrostomy tube for gastric decompression in 55 consecutive pylorus-conserving pancreatoduodenectomy: retrospective analysis of the efficacy and tolerance. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35:597-9. [PMID: 21664214 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Ribeiro MCB, Lopes LR, Souza-Neto JCD, Andreollo NA. Estenose esofágica por uso de sonda nasogástrica: reflexão sobre o uso indiscriminado. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-67202011000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RACIONAL: A sonda nasogástrica é frequentemente empregada por clínicos e cirurgiões para diversos fins. No entanto, são descritas complicações de seu uso, sendo a estenose esofágica a mais grave, com grande morbidade, passível de prevenção e tratamento eficazes. OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico, o tratamento e seus resultados, nos pacientes com esta complicação. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de 26 pacientes que apresentavam registros completos de idade, sexo, etiologia e duração da sondagem gástrica, co-morbidades e operações prévias, bem como do tratamento empregado e evolução, precoce e tardia, e classificados de acordo com a escala de resultados de Karnofsky, após seguimento médio de 28 meses. RESULTADOS: A maioria eram homens (76,9%), com idade média de 47 anos e tempo médio de sondagem nasogástrica de 19 dias, sendo que 69,2% eram pacientes cirúrgicos e apenas 26,9% apresentavam doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. Todos foram tratados com dilatações esofágicas auxiliado por endoscopia digestiva e 61,5% foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Os resultados precoces foram excelentes em 46,2%, bons em 34,6% e regulares em 19,2%. Os resultados tardios foram excelentes em 42,4%, bons em 30,7% e regulares em 26,9%. CONCLUSÕES: O uso da sonda nasogástrica deve ser criterioso e restrito a casos selecionados, o que previne a ocorrência de estenose esofágica, que, quando presente, pode ser tratada de maneira eficaz através de dilatações do esôfago, com ou sem operação associada, a depender de cada caso.
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Abstract
In recent years, fast-track surgery has been attracting more and more attention; however, many people remain concerned about the safety and effectiveness of fast-track colorectal surgery. In this paper we discuss how the main components of fast-track colorectal surgery (no routine mechanical bowel preparation, epidural anaesthesia or analgesia, laparoscopic operation, early removal of nasogastric tube and drainage tube, early postoperative oral feeding) affect the incidence of postoperative complications. Meanwhile, we evaluate the effectiveness of fast-track colorectal surgery in terms of shortened length of hospital stay, facilitated recovery, reduced insulin resistance, and better preserved immune function. Besides, we summarize the difficulties confronted during the implementation of fast-track colorectal surgery. We conclude that fast-track colorectal surgery is a safe and effective approach that deserves to be popularized in clinical practice.
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Jensen AG, Callesen T, Hagemo JS, Hreinsson K, Lund V, Nordmark J. Scandinavian clinical practice guidelines on general anaesthesia for emergency situations. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010; 54:922-50. [PMID: 20701596 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emergency patients need special considerations and the number and severity of complications from general anaesthesia can be higher than during scheduled procedures. Guidelines are therefore needed. The Clinical Practice Committee of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine appointed a working group to develop guidelines based on literature searches to assess evidence, and a consensus meeting was held. Consensus opinion was used in the many topics where high-grade evidence was unavailable. The recommendations include the following: anaesthesia for emergency patients should be given by, or under very close supervision by, experienced anaesthesiologists. Problems with the airway and the circulation must be anticipated. The risk of aspiration must be judged for each patient. Pre-operative gastric emptying is rarely indicated. For pre-oxygenation, either tidal volume breathing for 3 min or eight deep breaths over 60 s and oxygen flow 10 l/min should be used. Pre-oxygenation in the obese patients should be performed in the head-up position. The use of cricoid pressure is not considered mandatory, but can be used on individual judgement. The hypnotic drug has a minor influence on intubation conditions, and should be chosen on other grounds. Ketamine should be considered in haemodynamically compromised patients. Opioids may be used to reduce the stress response following intubation. For optimal intubation conditions, succinylcholine 1-1.5 mg/kg is preferred. Outside the operation room, rapid sequence intubation is also considered the safest method. For all patients, precautions to avoid aspiration and other complications must also be considered at the end of anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Jensen
- Department of anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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St. Peter SD, Valusek PA, Little DC, Snyder CL, Holcomb GW, Ostlie DJ. Does Routine Nasogastric Tube Placement After an Operation for Perforated Appendicitis Make a Difference? J Surg Res 2007; 143:66-9. [PMID: 17950074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine use of nasogastric tubes after abdominal operations is intended to hasten the return of bowel function, prevent pulmonary complications, diminish the risk of anastomotic leakage, increase patient comfort and shorten hospital stay. OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy of routine nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgery in achieving each of the above goals. SEARCH STRATEGY Search terms were nasogastric, tubes, randomised, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central), and references of included studies, from 1966 through 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA Patients having abdominal operations of any type, emergency or elective, who were randomised prior tot he completion of the operation to receive a nasogastric tube and keep it in place until intestinal function had returned, versus those receiving either no tube or early tube removal, in surgery, in recovery or within 24 hours of surgery. Excluded will be randomised studies involving laparoscopic abdominal surgery and patient groups having gastric decompression through gastrostomy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were abstracted onto a form that assessed study eligibility, as defined above, quality related to randomizations, allocation concealment, study size and dropouts, interventions, including timing and duration of intubation, outcomes that included time to flatus, pulmonary complications, wound infection, anastomotic leak, length of stay, death, nausea, vomiting, tube reinsertion, subsequent ventral hernia. MAIN RESULTS 33 studies fulfilled eligibility criteria, encompassing 5240 patients, 2628 randomised to routine tube use, and 2612 randomised to selective or No Tube use. Patients not having routine tube use had an earlier return of bowel function (p<0.00001), a decrease in pulmonary complications (p=0.01) and an insignificant trend toward increase in risk of wound infection (p=0.22) and ventral hernia (0.09). Anastomotic leak was no different between groups (p=0.70). Vomiting seemed to favour routine tube use, but with increased patient discomfort. Length of stay was shorter when no tube was used but the heterogeneity encountered in these analyses make rigorous conclusion difficult to draw for this outcome. No adverse events specifically related to tube insertion (direct tube trauma) were reported. Other outcomes were reported with insufficient frequency to be informative. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Routine nasogastric decompression does not accomplish any of its intended goals and so should be abandoned in favour of selective use of the nasogastric tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nelson
- Northern General Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Herries Road, Sheffield, UK, S5 7AU.
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Wolff BG, Viscusi ER, Delaney CP, Du W, Techner L. Patterns of gastrointestinal recovery after bowel resection and total abdominal hysterectomy: pooled results from the placebo arms of alvimopan phase III North American clinical trials. J Am Coll Surg 2007; 205:43-51. [PMID: 17617331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative ileus (POI), a transient cessation of coordinated bowel motility, occurs to some extent after all major abdominal operations. This analysis examines gastrointestinal (GI) recovery and hospital discharge history in patients undergoing partial bowel resection (BR) or total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) by laparotomy in the placebo arms of recent phase III alvimopan trials. STUDY DESIGN This was a pooled post hoc analysis of placebo groups from randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter trials. All patients were uniformly managed with a standardized accelerated postoperative care pathway to facilitate GI recovery. RESULTS Of the 727 BR patients and 140 TAH patients included in this analysis, POI as an adverse event was reported in approximately 14.7% of BR patients and 2.9% of TAH patients, and postoperative nasogastric tube insertion was required in 11.5% of BR patients and 0.8% of TAH patients. Time to first toleration of solid food was almost 2 days longer for BR patients than for TAH patients (BR, 4.1 days; TAH, 2.5 days). Approximately 34.4% of BR patients and 4.2% of TAH patients had discharge orders written 7 days or more after operation. Nearly half (40%) of patients undergoing TAH were discharged from the hospital before GI recovery was complete. Mean postoperative lengths of hospital stay after BR and TAH were 6.6 days and 3.4 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite the relatively fast recovery observed with standardized accelerated postoperative care pathway use, POI as an adverse event was still reported in approximately 15% of BR patients and 3% of TAH patients. This analysis provides important clinical insight into the differences in GI recovery patterns and the incidence and impact of POI after BR and TAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Wolff
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, and Department of Anesthesiology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Carrère N, Seulin P, Julio CH, Bloom E, Gouzi JL, Pradère B. Is nasogastric or nasojejunal decompression necessary after gastrectomy? A prospective randomized trial. World J Surg 2007; 31:122-7. [PMID: 17186430 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-006-0430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasogastric decompression has been routinely used in most major abdominal operations to prevent the consequences of postoperative ileus. The aim of the present study was to assess the necessity for routine prophylactic nasogastric or nasojejunal decompression after gastrectomy. METHODS A prospective randomized trial included 84 patients undergoing elective partial or total gastrectomy. The patients were randomized to a group with a postoperative nasogastric or nasojejunal tube (Tube Group, n = 43) or to a group without a tube (No-tube Group, n = 41). Gastrointestinal function, postoperative course, and complications were assessed. RESULTS No significant differences in postoperative mortality or morbidity, especially fistula or intra-abdominal sepsis, were observed between the groups. Passage of flatus (P < 0.01) and start of oral intake (P < 0.01) were significantly delayed in the Tube Group. Duration of postoperative perfusion (P = 0.02) and length of hospital stay (P = 0.03) were also significantly longer in the Tube Group. Rates of nausea and vomiting were similar in the two groups. Moderate to severe discomfort caused by the tube was observed in 72% of patients in the Tube Group. Insertion of a nasogastric or nasojejunal tube was necessary in 5 patients in the No-tube Group (12%). CONCLUSIONS Routine prophylactic postoperative nasogastric decompression is unnecessary after elective gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Carrère
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (Pr Pradère), Purpan University Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Place du Dr Baylac, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France,
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Pessaux P, Regimbeau JM, Dondéro F, Plasse M, Mantz J, Belghiti J. Randomized clinical trial evaluating the need for routine nasogastric decompression after elective hepatic resection. Br J Surg 2007; 94:297-303. [PMID: 17315273 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The value of routine nasogastric tube (NGT) decompression after elective hepatic resection has not been investigated.
Methods
Of 200 patients who had elective hepatic resection, including 68 who had previously had colorectal surgery, 100 were randomized to NGT decompression, where the NGT was left in place after surgery until the passage of flatus or stool, and 100 to no decompression, where the NGT was removed at the end of the operation.
Results
There was no difference between patients who had NGT decompression and those who did not in terms of overall surgical complications (15·0 versus 19·0 per cent respectively; P = 0·451) medical morbidity (61·0 versus 55·0 per cent; P = 0·391), in-hospital mortality (3·0 versus 2·0 per cent; P = 0·640), duration of ileus (mean(s.d.) 4·3(1·5) versus 4·5(1·7) days; P = 0·400) or length of hospital stay (14·2(8·5) versus 15·8(10·8) days; P = 0·220). Twelve patients randomized to no NGT decompression required reinsertion of the tube 3·9(1·9) days after surgery. Previous abdominal surgery had no influence on the need for NGT reinsertion. Severe discomfort was recorded in 21 patients in the NGT group and premature removal of the tube was required in 19. Pneumonia (13·0 versus 5·0 per cent; P = 0·047) and atelectasis (81 versus 67 per cent; P = 0·043) were significantly more common in the NGT group.
Conclusion
Routine NGT decompression after elective hepatectomy had no advantages. Its use was associated with an increased risk of pulmonary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pessaux
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris VII, Clichy, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine the available documentation addressing the introduction of early food after major upper gastrointestinal surgery. RECENT FINDINGS No high-quality trials, recent or old, have addressed this topic. A few attempts have been identified. Information is extracted from papers discussing other topics of postoperative care in this field. Generally, nasogastric tubes and nil-by-mouth prevail in the early postoperative period. SUMMARY The reluctance to allow early food at will is not evidence based, but neither is the safety of an alternative regimen. Early food at will should probably be allowed after hepatic resections, gastric resections, and total gastrectomies and maybe also after pancreaticoduodenectomies. Resections of the esophagus remain the most challenging issue. The need is urgent for high-powered and high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Lassen
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Zhou T, Wu XT, Zhou YJ, Huang X, Fan W, Li YC. Early removing gastrointestinal decompression and early oral feeding improve patients' rehabilitation after colorectostomy. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:2459-63. [PMID: 16688845 PMCID: PMC4088090 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i15.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and tolerance of early removing gastrointestinal decompression and early oral feeding in the patients undergoing surgery for colorectal carcinoma.
METHODS: Three hundred and sixteen patients submitted to operations associated with colorectostomy from January 2004 to September 2005 were randomized to two groups: In experimental group (n = 161), the nasogastric tube was removed after the operation from 12 to 24 h and was promised immediately oral feeding; In control group (n = 155), the nasogastric tube was maintained until the passage of flatus per rectum. Variables assessed included the time to first passage of flatus, the time to first passage of stool, the time elapsed postoperative stay, and postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage, acute dilation of stomach, wound infection and dehiscense, fever, pulmonary infection and pharyngolaryngitis.
RESULTS: The median and average days to the first passage of flatus (3.0 ± 0.9 vs 3.6 ± 1.2, P < 0.001), the first passage of stool (4.1 ± 1.1 vs 4.8 ± 1.4 P < 0.001) and the length of postoperative stay (8.4 ± 3.4 vs 9.6 ± 5.0, P < 0.05) were shorter in the experimental group than in the control group. The postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage (1.24% vs 2.58%), acute dilation of stomach (1.86% vs 0.06%) and wound complications (2.48% vs 1.94%) were similar in the groups, but fever (3.73% vs 9.68%, P < 0.05), pulmonary infection (0.62% vs 4.52%, P < 0.05) and pharyngolaryngitis (3.11% vs 23.23%, P < 0.001) were much more in the control group than in the experimental group.
CONCLUSION: The present study shows that application of gastrointestinal decompression after colorectostomy can not effectively reduce postoperative complications. On the contrary, it may increase the incidence rate of fever, pharyngolaryngitis and pulmonary infection. These strategies of early removing gastrointestinal decompression and early oral feeding in the patients undergoing colorectostomy are feasible and safe and associated with reduced postoperative discomfort and can accelerate the return of bowel function and improve rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Douzinas EE, Tsapalos A, Dimitrakopoulos A, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Rapidis AD, Roussos C. Effect of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on gastro-esophageal reflux in mechanically-ventilated patients. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:114-8. [PMID: 16440428 PMCID: PMC4077500 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i1.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) on gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in mechanically-ventilated patients.
METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, controlled study 36 patients with recurrent or persistent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and GER > 6% were divided into PEG group (n = 16) or non-PEG group (n = 20). Another 11 ventilated patients without reflux (GER < 3%) served as control group. Esophageal pH-metry was performed by the “pull through” method at baseline, 2 and 7 d after PEG. Patients were strictly followed up for semi-recumbent position and control of gastric nutrient residue.
RESULTS: A significant decrease of median (range) reflux was observed in PEG group from 7.8 (6.2 - 15.6) at baseline to 2.7 (0 - 10.4) on d 7 post-gastrostomy (P < 0.01), while the reflux increased from 9 (6.2 - 22) to 10.8 (6.3 - 36.6) (P < 0.01) in non-PEG group. A significant correlation between GER (%) and the stay of nasogastric tube was detected (r = 0.56, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Gastrostomy when combined with semi-recumbent position and absence of nutrient gastric residue reduces the gastroesophageal reflux in ventilated patients.
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Hungin APS, Raghunath AS, Wiklund I. Beyond heartburn: a systematic review of the extra-oesophageal spectrum of reflux-induced disease. Fam Pract 2005; 22:591-603. [PMID: 16024554 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmi061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic condition affecting up to one-quarter of the Western population. GORD is characterized by heartburn and acid regurgitation, but is reported to be associated with a spectrum of extra-oesophageal symptoms. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to critically evaluate postulated extra-oesophageal symptoms of GORD. METHODS Extra-oesophageal symptoms were identified from population-based studies evaluating their association with GORD (either defined as heartburn and/or acid regurgitation, or diagnosed in general practice). The response of these symptoms to acid-suppressive therapy was investigated using randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Pathogenic mechanisms were evaluated using clinical and preclinical studies. RESULTS An association between GORD and symptoms or a diagnosis of chest pain/angina, cough, sinusitis and gall-bladder disease was evident from three eligible population-based studies of GORD. Randomized placebo-controlled studies (n=20) showed that acid-suppressive therapy provides symptomatic relief of chest pain, asthma and, potentially, chronic cough and laryngitis. Mechanistic models, based on direct physical damage by refluxate or vagally mediated reflexes, support a causal role for GORD in chest pain and respiratory symptoms, but not in gall-bladder disease. CONCLUSION GORD is likely to play a causal role in chest pain and possibly asthma, chronic cough and laryngitis. Further investigation is desirable, particularly for other potential extra-oesophageal manifestations of GORD such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sinusitis, bronchitis and otitis. Acid-suppressive therapy is likely to benefit patients with non-cardiac chest pain, but further placebo-controlled studies are needed for other symptoms comprising the extra-oesophageal spectrum of GORD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pali S Hungin
- Cetre for Integrated Health Care Research, University of Durham--Stockton Campus, Wolfson Research Institute, Stockton-on-Tees TS176BH, UK.
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Systematic review of prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal operations. Br J Surg 2005; 92:673-80. [PMID: 15912492 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine use of nasogastric tubes after abdominal operations is intended to hasten the return of bowel function, prevent pulmonary complications, diminish the risk of anastomotic leakage, increase patient comfort and shorten hospital stay. This meta-analysis of published studies examines the efficacy of this practice after abdominal surgery in achieving each of these goals. METHOD Search terms were 'nasogastric, tubes, randomized', using Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and references from included studies. Eligible studies included patients having abdominal operations of any type, emergency or elective, who were randomized before completion of the operation to receive a nasogastric tube and keep it in place until intestinal function had returned or to selective use of a tube with early removal. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. These included 4194 patients, 2108 randomized to routine tube and 2087 randomized to selective or no tube. Those not having a nasogastric tube routinely inserted experienced an earlier return of bowel function (P < 0.001), a marginal decrease in pulmonary complications (P = 0.07), and a marginal increase in wound infection (P = 0.08) and ventral hernia (P = 0.09). Anastomotic leakage was similar in the two groups (P = 0.70). CONCLUSION Routine nasogastric decompression does not accomplish any of its intended goals and so should be abandoned in favour of selective use of the nasogastric tube.
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47
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Delaney CP, Weese JL, Hyman NH, Bauer J, Techner L, Gabriel K, Du W, Schmidt WK, Wallin BA. Phase III trial of alvimopan, a novel, peripherally acting, mu opioid antagonist, for postoperative ileus after major abdominal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 48:1114-25; discussion 1125-6; author reply 1127-9. [PMID: 15906123 DOI: 10.1007/s10350-005-0035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative ileus presents significant clinical challenges that potentially prolong hospital stay, contribute to readmission, and increase morbidity. There is no approved treatment for postoperative ileus. Alvimopan is a novel, peripherally acting, mu opioid receptor antagonist currently in development for the management of postoperative ileus. METHODS Patients undergoing partial colectomy or simple or radical hysterectomy were randomized to receive alvimopan 6 mg (n = 152), alvimopan 12 mg (n = 146), or placebo (n = 153) orally 2 hours before surgery and twice daily thereafter until discharge or for up to seven days. The primary efficacy end point, time to return of gastrointestinal function, was a composite measure of passage of flatus or stool and tolerating solid food. Secondary end points included time to the hospital discharge order written. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS Mean time to gastrointestinal recovery was significantly reduced in patients treated with alvimopan 6 mg vs. placebo (hazard ratio = 1.45; P = 0.003), with a smaller reduction seen with alvimopan 12 mg (hazard ratio = 1.28; P = 0.059). Mean time to the hospital discharge order written was significantly accelerated in patients treated with alvimopan 6 mg (hazard ratio = 1.50; P < 0.001). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events across all treatment groups were nausea, vomiting, and hypotension; the incidence of nausea and vomiting was reduced by 53 percent in the alvimopan 12-mg group. CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, alvimopan accelerated gastrointestinal recovery and time to the hospital discharge order written compared with placebo and was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor P Delaney
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine use of nasogastric tubes after abdominal operations is intended to hasten the return of bowel function, prevent pulmonary complications, diminish the risk of anastomotic leakage, increase patient comfort and shorten hospital stay. OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy of routine nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgery in achieving each of the above goals. SEARCH STRATEGY Search terms were nasogastric, tubes, randomised, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and references of included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Patients having abdominal operations of any type, emergency or elective, who were randomised prior tot he completion of the operation to receive a nasogastric tube and keep it in place until intestinal function had returned, versus those receiving either no tube or early tube removal, in surgery, in recovery or within 24 hours of surgery. Excluded will be randomised studies involving laparoscopic abdominal surgery and patient groups having gastric decompression through gastrostomy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were abstracted onto a form that assessed study eligibility, as defined above, quality related to randomizations, allocation concealment, study size and dropouts, interventions, including timing and duration of intubation, outcomes that included time to flatus, pulmonary complications, wound infection, anastomotic leak, length of stay, death, nausea, vomiting, tube reinsertion, subsequent ventral hernia. MAIN RESULTS 28 studies fulfilled eligibility criteria, encompassing 4194 patients, 2108 randomised to routine tube use, and 2087 randomised to selective or No Tube use. Patients not having routine tube use had an earlier return of bowel function (p<0.00001), an insignificant trend toward decrease in pulmonary complications (p=0.07) and an insignificant trend toward increase in risk of wound infection (p=0.08) and ventral hernia (0.09). Anastomotic leak was no different between groups (p=0.70). Patient comfort, nausea, vomiting and length of stay seemed to favour No Tube, but the heterogeneity encountered in these analyses make rigorous conclusion difficult to draw for these outcomes. No adverse events specifically related to tube insertion (direct tube trauma) were reported. Other outcomes were reported with insufficient frequency to be informative. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Routine nasogastric decompression does not accomplish any of its intended goals and so should be abandoned in favour of selective use of the nasogastric tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nelson
- Surgery, University of Illinois, 1740 West Taylor, Room 2204 m/c 957, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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Kremer M, Ulrich A, Büchler MW, Uhl W. Fast-track surgery: the Heidelberg experience. Recent Results Cancer Res 2005; 165:14-20. [PMID: 15865016 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-27449-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fast-track surgery is an interdisciplinary multimodal concept of minimally invasive surgery or new incision lines and "cutting old plaits" (e.g., the use of drains or tubes). It uses modern intraoperative anesthesia (e.g., fluid restriction) and analgesia, including new drugs and novel ways of administration (e.g., thoracic epidural analgesia) for postoperative pain relief, in combination with the immediate mobilization of the patient and early oral nutrition after the operation. This approach requires a cooperating team of motivated nurses, physiotherapists, anesthesiologists, and surgeons, in addition to continuous improvement of the processes involved. Moreover, extended patient education and information about the procedures and the expected time course are of the highest importance, as the active role of the patient is to be emphasized. This chapter describes the development and implementation of fast-track surgery in colorectal diseases at the Department of Surgery of the University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany. Preliminary results of fast-track surgery suggest a significant and clear overall benefit for the patient. A shorter hospital stay and reduced systemic morbidity in addition to no increase in postoperative complications on an out-patient basis were found. However, to exclude a "bloody discharge" of the patients, thorough follow-up and quality control are mandatory. Although in the initial phase increased personnel care is necessary, in the new German reimbursement system with G-DRGs (German diagnosis-related groups) fast-track surgery seems to save resources in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kremer
- Department of Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital Bochum, Ruhr-University, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
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Mack LA, Kaklamanos IG, Livingstone AS, Levi JU, Robinson C, Sleeman D, Franceschi D, Bathe OF. Gastric decompression and enteral feeding through a double-lumen gastrojejunostomy tube improves outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 2004; 240:845-51. [PMID: 15492567 PMCID: PMC1356491 DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000143299.72623.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of inserting a double-lumen gastrojejunostomy tube (GJT) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and to evaluate associated outcomes. BACKGROUND Gastroparesis is a frequent postoperative event following PD. This often necessitates prolonged gastric decompression and nutritional support. A double-lumen GJT may be particularly useful in this situation: gastric decompression may be achieved through the gastric port without a nasogastric tube; enteral feeding may be administered through the jejunal port. METHODS Thirty-six patients with periampullary tumors were randomized at the time of PD to insertion of GJT or to the routine care of the operating surgeon. Outcomes, including length of stay, complications, and costs, were followed prospectively. RESULTS The 2 groups had similar characteristics. Prolonged gastroparesis occurred in 4 controls (25%) and in none of the patients who had a GJT (P = 0.03). Complication rates were similar in each group. Mean postoperative length of stay was significantly longer in controls compared with patients who had a GJT (15.8 +/- 7.8 days versus 11.5 +/- 2.9 days, respectively; P = 0.01). Hospital charges were 82,151 +/- 56,632 dollars in controls and 52,589 +/- 15,964 dollars in the GJT group (P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing PD, insertion of a GJT is safe. Moreover, insertion of a GJT improves average length of stay. At the time of resection of periampullary tumors, GJT insertion should be considered, especially given this is a patient population in which weight loss and cachexia are frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd A Mack
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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