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Wilson AJ, Gifford RM, Crosby H, Davey S, Taylor N, Eager M, Thake CD, Imray CHE. Changes in body composition and average daily energy expenditure of men and women during arduous extended polar travel. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308804. [PMID: 39388506 PMCID: PMC11466405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Weight and skin-fold measurements were made at five-day intervals during a 47-day expedition by six men and three women from the edge of the sea ice to the South Pole. From these, together with detailed manual records of the nutrition for individual participants, the average daily energy expenditure was determined before and after a resupply at approximately mid-point of the expedition. For all participants body weight fell during the expedition with the overall loss being much smaller for the three female participants (-4.0, -4.0, -4.4kg) than for the male participants, (mean±sd) -8.6±2.0kg. Fat weight fell approximately linearly during the expedition with a total loss of (-4.1, -6.5 and -2.5kg) for the three female participants and -6.8±1.7kg for the male participants. Individual fat-free weight changed by a smaller amount overall: (0.13, 2.5 and -1.8kg) for the three female participants; -1.8±2.0kg for the male participants who, with one exception, lost fat-free tissue All participants showed a substantial variation in fat-free tissue weight during the expedition. Analysis of the daily energy expenditure showed adequate nutrition but the intake fell for the second part of the expedition although the reasons for this are unclear, but adaptation to the cold, altitude and workload are possible explanations. The validity of this time-averaged measurement for individual participants was determined from analysing moments about the mean of time-series actigraphy data from wrist worn devices. The mean and autocorrelation function of the actigraphy data across subjects were analysed to determine whether measures could be compared between participants. The first, second and third moment about the mean of the day-to-day activity was found to be time-invariant for individual subjects (χ2, p>0.05) and the normalized mean and autocorrelation measured over a day for each participant indistinguishable from the mean of the group (χ2, p>0.05) allowing both longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J. Wilson
- Department of Research and Development, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M. Gifford
- Academic Department of Military Medicine, Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Crosby
- 35 Engineer Regiment, Carver Barracks, Wimbish, Saffron Walden, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Davey
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Taylor
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Eager
- Department of Anaesthetics, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - C. Doug Thake
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher H. E. Imray
- Department of Vascular and Renal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Ferreira LF, da Silva EB, Bomfim ABC. Validity and reliability of portable A-mode ultrasound in measuring body fat percentage: A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292872. [PMID: 38330039 PMCID: PMC10852247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The present Systematic Review with Meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Portable A-mode Ultrasound (P-US) for measuring body fat percentage (BF%). Only studies with participants of both genders which had assessed BF% using P-US compared to the reference standard were selected. Publications up until May 31, 2022 were searched in the MEDLINE, COCHRANE, Science Direct, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, PEDro, SPORT Discus, CINAHL and SCOPUS databases. QUADAS-2 was used to assess the risk of bias in the validity studies and QAREL was used for the methodological quality of reliability studies. The JAMOVI software program synthesized the results, from which the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) or the square root of the Multiple Linear Regression Determination Coefficient (R2) were extracted for the validity studies, and the Mean of Errors of the Bland-Altman Test (ME) and the Confidence Interval (95%CI) with Upper and Lower Limits for the reliability studies. A total of 13 studies were included, generating 26 results for the quantitative synthesis, 14 for validity and 12 for reliability. Regarding the validity results, a strong correlation was identified between the equipment (r = 0.870 [0.845-0.895], P<0.001), with moderate and true heterogeneity (I2 = 53.47%, P = 0.003), presenting publication bias. A small effect size was identified regarding the reliability results, overestimating the results due to chance between the devices (ME = 0.207 [-0.798-1.212], P = 0.686), with low heterogeneity also due to chance (I2 = 19.44%, P = 0.253), with no publication bias. All of the evaluated studies showed some violation of the instruments, confirming the high risk of bias and the low methodological quality. There is concern with heterogeneity for the validity results explained by the subgroups' analysis. The P-US associated with anthropometric perimeters satisfactorily measures the BF% with samples greater than 100 participants, and males. The results in the reliability assessment show high agreement and high variability, greatly expanding the confidence interval, which should be viewed with reservations. This review received financial support from the Brazilian Air Force. The study was registered with PROSPERO under the number CRD42020166617.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Operational Human Performance, Brazilian Air Force University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elirez Bezerra da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Yang J, Kim J, Chun BC, Lee JM. Cook with Different Pots, but Similar Taste? Comparison of Phase Angle Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis According to Device Type and Examination Posture. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051119. [PMID: 37240764 DOI: 10.3390/life13051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is gaining popularity as a tool for body composition assessment. Although BIA has been studied and validated in different populations, age groups, and clinical settings, including critically ill patients, there are concerns about BIA reproducibility and reliability for different device types and postures. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of BIA using different devices, postures, and lead types. Cross-sectional observational data were collected from 74 healthy volunteers (32 women, 42 men). We used two types of devices, three types of postures (standing, sitting, and lying), and two lead types (clamp lead and adhesive lead) to measure the whole-body phase angle (phA) at a single frequency of 50 kHz. The measurements were validated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot analysis. All phA measurements recorded using the two types of devices, three different postures, and two types of leads were equivalent (mean ICC = 0.9932, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9905-0.0053, p < 0.001). The average mean difference in phA was 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.46). The largest phA value was measured using BWA with an adhesive-type lead in the supine position. There were no differences between the standing and sitting positions. We compared the consistency and reliability of phA using two devices, two lead types, and three postures. Seven different phA were interchangeable in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Goryeodae-ro 73, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University College of Medicine, Goryeodae-ro 73, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University College of Medicine, Goryeodae-ro 73, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Chun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Goryeodae-ro 73, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University College of Medicine, Goryeodae-ro 73, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University College of Medicine, Goryeodae-ro 73, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Myeong Lee
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Goryeodae-ro 73, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Wharton S, Christensen RAG, Costanian C, Gershon T, Rodriguez-Saldana J. Obesity and Diabetes: Clinical Aspects. THE DIABETES TEXTBOOK 2023:657-671. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25519-9_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Marin-Jimenez N, Cruz-Leon C, Sanchez-Oliva D, Jimenez-Iglesias J, Caraballo I, Padilla-Moledo C, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Cuenca-Garcia M, Castro-Piñero J. Criterion-Related Validity of Field-Based Methods and Equations for Body Composition Estimation in Adults: A Systematic Review. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:336-349. [PMID: 36369621 PMCID: PMC9729144 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Overweight and obesity are associated to health prognosis. Therefore, body composition assessment is an important health outcome, especially in adult population. We analyzed the criterion-related validity of existing field-based methods and equations for body composition estimation in adults aged 19-64 years. RECENT FINDINGS One hundred studies met inclusion criteria. The field-based methods, waist circumference (WC), body adiposity index (BAI), and body mass index (BMI) are valid to indicate body adiposity. Likewise, several equations, including the classical Durnin/Womersley equation, Jackson/Pollock equation (males), and Jackson, Pollock, and Ward equation (females), are valid to estimate total body fat mass or body fat percentage. Anthropometric field methods can provide a simple, quick, and easy informative indicators of adiposity in adults. Classical equations, such as Durnin/Womersley equation, Jackson/Pollock equation, and Jackson, Pollock, and Ward equation, are still valid to estimate total body fat mass or body fat percentage in adult population. When choosing estimation equations, specific population characteristics, such as age, weight status, or race ethnicity, should be taken into account. (Trial Registration: Registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020194272)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Marin-Jimenez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Carolina Cruz-Leon
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - David Sanchez-Oliva
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
- Sports Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10071, Caceres, Spain
| | - José Jimenez-Iglesias
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Israel Caraballo
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Padilla-Moledo
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
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Maran A, Atkinson SA, Bertram V, Vanniyasingam T, Thabane L, Mottola MF, Phillips SM. Exploring comparative assessment of adiposity measures during pregnancy and postpartum. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:365-371. [PMID: 35623838 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Excessive adiposity in pregnancy is associated with an altered cardiometabolic profile and adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) is a proxy measure for adiposity that is most often used in clinical settings; however, it may not identify at-risk pregnancies caused by adiposity-related cardiometabolic dysfunction. The challenge is that validated direct adiposity measures are limited due to the dynamic nature of pregnancy. This exploratory analysis aimed to, 1) evaluate longitudinal changes in % body fat (BF) and the agreement between skinfold thickness (SFT) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) across pregnancy and in postpartum; 2) compare the discrimination power of SFT, BIA, and pBMI regarding adiposity status; and 3) assess agreement between SFT and BIA with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the postpartum. METHODS Participants enrolled in the Be Healthy in Pregnancy (BHIP) RCT (NCT01693510) had demographic data and pBMI collected at enrollment and adiposity measured at 12-17, 26-28, and 36-38 weeks gestation by BIA (%BF) and SFT (sum and %BF), and also by DXA at 6 months postpartum. Agreement between methods was assessed by Bland Altman plots and McNemar's test and C-statistic for discriminative power. RESULTS In 181 women with mean pBMI of 25.1 kg/m2 (min: 17.4 kg/m2, max: 39.6 kg/m2) and age 31.6 (SD: 4.0 yr), maternal adiposity increased significantly (p < 0.001) across pregnancy when measured by the sum of SFT or %BF by BIA, but not %BF by SFT. In early pregnancy, BF by BIA and SFT showed good agreement, with BIA values 1.8% greater than SFT, but low agreement in late pregnancy, with BIA values 7.1% greater than SFT. However, in the postpartum, agreement was similar to early pregnancy, and both BIA and SFT demonstrated good agreement with DXA. By pBMI, 45.5% of participants were categorized as overweight/obese, compared to 66.5% by BIA (p < 0.0001) and 54.5% by SFT (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In comparison to SFT and BIA, the results suggest that pBMI is less sensitive in identifying participants with excessive adiposity, limiting its use as a screening tool for adiposity-related adverse outcomes in pregnancy. It would be preferable to use a direct measure of adiposity to screen for at-risk pregnancies. Both %BF by BIA and sum of SFT can quantify the change in adiposity across pregnancy and in the postpartum and thus could be adopted as clinical practice tools. Future research efforts should further refine and validate adiposity techniques for use, particularly in mid and late pregnancy. CLINICAL TRIAL The BHIP clinical trial (NCT01693510). REGISTRATION SITE: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01693510.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atherai Maran
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Valerie Bertram
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Thuva Vanniyasingam
- Biostatistics Unit, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Biostatistics Unit, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Michelle F Mottola
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
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Maykish A, Nishisaka MM, Talbott CK, Reaves SK, Kristo AS, Sikalidis AK. Comparison of Whey Versus Almond Protein Powder on Nitrogen Balance in Female College Students; The California Almond Protein Powder Project (CAlmond-P 3). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211939. [PMID: 34831691 PMCID: PMC8620843 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based diets have become increasingly popular in the past decade, with approximately 11% of Americans self-identifying as vegan or vegetarian and many others trying to reduce meat consumption. Due to increasing interest, the plant-based food market has significantly expanded, with several innovative products serving as alternatives to animal-based products. One such example is almond protein powder, a new protein supplement created as an alternative to whey protein. Due to the novelty of almond protein products, little is known regarding how well the protein supplement supports nitrogen metabolism. The effects of both an almond-based protein beverage and a whey-based protein beverage on nitrogen balance are investigated in the work presented herein. Twenty female college students aged 20–25 years were randomly assigned to consume either an almond- or whey-based protein drink twice daily for one week; 24-h urine collection was performed at the baseline and endpoint of the 7-day treatment period and nitrogen balance was assessed. Body composition and hydration status were also assessed. Both protein sources (almond and whey) were able to notably improve nitrogen balance, thus indicating that almond protein powder may be a functional plant-based alternative to whey protein powder and may be of interest in future research regarding muscle mass and body composition improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Maykish
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.N.); (C.K.T.); (S.K.R.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Morgan M. Nishisaka
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.N.); (C.K.T.); (S.K.R.); (A.S.K.)
- Cal Poly Personalized Nutrition Research Group, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Courtney K. Talbott
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.N.); (C.K.T.); (S.K.R.); (A.S.K.)
- Cal Poly Personalized Nutrition Research Group, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Scott K. Reaves
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.N.); (C.K.T.); (S.K.R.); (A.S.K.)
- Cal Poly Personalized Nutrition Research Group, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Aleksandra S. Kristo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.N.); (C.K.T.); (S.K.R.); (A.S.K.)
- Cal Poly Personalized Nutrition Research Group, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Angelos K. Sikalidis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (A.M.); (M.M.N.); (C.K.T.); (S.K.R.); (A.S.K.)
- Cal Poly Personalized Nutrition Research Group, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
- Correspondence:
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Beyond BMI for self-estimates of body size and shape: A new method for developing stimuli correctly calibrated for body composition. Behav Res Methods 2020; 53:1308-1321. [PMID: 33051818 PMCID: PMC8219570 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-020-01494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Accurate self-assessment of body shape and size plays a key role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of both obesity and eating disorders. These chronic conditions cause significant health problems, reduced quality of life, and represent a major problem for health services. Variation in body shape depends on two aspects of composition: adiposity and muscularity. However, most self-assessment tools are unidimensional. They depict variation in adiposity only, typically quantified by the body mass index. This can lead to substantial, and clinically meaningful, errors in estimates of body shape and size. To solve this problem, we detail a method of creating biometrically valid body stimuli. We obtained high-resolution 3D body shape scans and composition measures from 397 volunteers (aged 18-45 years) and produced a statistical mapping between the two. This allowed us to create 3D computer-generated models of bodies, correctly calibrated for body composition (i.e., muscularity and adiposity). We show how these stimuli, whose shape changes are based on change in composition in two dimensions, can be used to match the body size and shape participants believe themselves to have, to the stimulus they see. We also show how multivariate multiple regression can be used to model shape change predicted by these 2D outcomes, so that participants' choices can be explained by their measured body composition together with other psychometric variables. Together, this approach should substantially improve the accuracy and precision with which self-assessments of body size and shape can be made in obese individuals and those suffering from eating disorders.
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Kamei S, Iwamoto M, Kameyama M, Shimoda M, Kinoshita T, Obata A, Kimura T, Hirukawa H, Tatsumi F, Kohara K, Nakanishi S, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. Effect of Tofogliflozin on Body Composition and Glycemic Control in Japanese Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:6470137. [PMID: 29507863 PMCID: PMC5817268 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6470137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor tofogliflozin is a new type of antidiabetic drug for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to examine in which type of individuals and/or under which conditions tofogliflozin could exert more beneficial effects on body composition and/or glycemic control in Japanese individuals with T2DM. We retrospectively evaluated the effects of tofogliflozin on body composition and/or glycemic control in individuals with T2DM who newly started taking tofogliflozin. After tofogliflozin treatment, body weight was significantly reduced and HbA1c levels were significantly decreased. Body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and skeletal muscle index, a marker for sarcopenia, were also reduced after the treatment. In univariate analyses, there was a statistically significant association between the decrease of HbA1c level after tofogliflozin treatment (Δ HbA1c) and the following parameters such as HbA1c levels at baseline, visceral fat area (VFA) at baseline, and reduction of VFA after the treatment (Δ VFA). Furthermore, in multivariate analyses, HbA1c levels at baseline and duration of diabetes were independently associated with Δ HbA1c. These results suggest that tofogliflozin would be more suitable for relatively obese individuals whose duration of diabetes is relatively short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kamei
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | | | | | - Masashi Shimoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kinoshita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Obata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hirukawa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tatsumi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kenji Kohara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakanishi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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Martinez EE, Smallwood CD, Quinn NL, Ariagno K, Bechard LJ, Duggan CP, Mehta NM. Body Composition in Children with Chronic Illness: Accuracy of Bedside Assessment Techniques. J Pediatr 2017; 190:56-62. [PMID: 29144272 PMCID: PMC5718170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of estimated fat mass and fat-free mass from bedside methods compared with reference methods in children with chronic illnesses. STUDY DESIGN Fat mass and fat-free mass values were obtained by skinfold, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and deuterium dilution method in children with spinal muscular atrophy, intestinal failure, and post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Spearman's correlation and agreement analyses were performed between (1) fat mass values estimated by skinfold equations and by DXA and (2) fat-free mass values estimated by BIA equations and by DXA and deuterium dilution methods. Limits of agreement between estimating and reference methods within ±20% were deemed clinically acceptable. RESULTS Fat mass and fat-free mass values from 90 measurements in 56 patients, 55% male, and median age of 11.6 years were analyzed. Correlation coefficients between the skinfold-estimated fat mass values and DXA were 0.93-0.94 and between BIA-estimated fat-free mass values and DXA were 0.92-0.97. Limits of agreement between estimated and DXA values of fat mass and fat-free mass were greater than ±20% for all equations. Correlation coefficients between estimated fat-free mass values and deuterium dilution method in 35 encounters were 0.87-0.91, and limits of agreement were greater than ±20%. CONCLUSION Estimated body composition values derived from skinfold and BIA may not be reliable in children with chronic illnesses. An accurate noninvasive method to estimate body composition in this cohort is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enid E Martinez
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Craig D Smallwood
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nicolle L Quinn
- Center for Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Katelyn Ariagno
- Center for Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lori J Bechard
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher P Duggan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nilesh M Mehta
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
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11
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Application of receiver operating characteristic curve in the assessment of the value of body mass index, waist circumference and percentage of body fat in the Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in childbearing women. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:51. [PMID: 27557677 PMCID: PMC4995636 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are various parameters to analyze obesity, however, no standard reference to predict, screen or diagnose PCOS with various obesity parameters has been established, and the accuracy of these parameters still needs to be studied.This study was to use the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to explore the different values of three obesity parameters, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage of body fat (PBF) in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Chinese childbearing women. METHODS Three hundred patients who were diagnosed with PCOS at Center of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics of Peking University First Hospital were enrolled in this study, and 110 healthy age-matched women were enrolled as controls. The characteristics of BMI, WC and PBF in PCOS patients were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the control group, all the three obesity parameters were significantly increased in PCOS group. In terms of ROC area under the curve, WC > PBF > BMI, and they were all significantly different from those of the control. At a cut-off point of 80.5 cm, WC has a sensitivity of 73.6 % and a specificity of 85 % in diagnosis of PCOS; At a cut-off point of 29 %, PBF has a sensitivity of 88.2 % and a specificity of 57.7 % in diagnosis of PCOS; and at a cut-off point of 26.6 kg/m(2), BMI has a sensitivity of 54.5 % and a specificity of 98 % in diagnosis of PCOS. CONCLUSION WC, BMI and PBF are valuable in screening and diagnosis of PCOS in Chinese childbearing women. PBF can be used to screen PCOS as it has a better sensitivity, while BMI can be used in the diagnosis of PCOS as it has a better specificity.
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Akindele MO, Phillips JS, Igumbor EU. The Relationship Between Body Fat Percentage and Body Mass Index in Overweight and Obese Individuals in an Urban African Setting. J Public Health Afr 2016; 7:515. [PMID: 28299149 PMCID: PMC5349253 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2016.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in both developed and developing countries is associated with musculoskeletal and other non-communicable diseases. To address this, an accurate measure of body adiposity, bearing in mind several shortcomings of body mass index (BMI), should be used. This study determined the relationship between BMI and body fat (BF)% among adult Nigerians of different ethnic groups residing in an urban setting. Using multistage cluster sampling technique were recruited 1571 subjects (>18 years; male=51.2%) in a cross-sectional study. Body adiposity indices were assessed using BMI and BF%. Using BF%, the result shows that a total number of 156 (9.9%) had low BF% while 291 (18.5%) had very high BF%, while the BMI classifications of body adiposity, 68 (4.3%) were underweight while 271 (17.3%) were obese. There was a strong and positive statistical relationship between BF% and BMI when both were paired without controlling for gender and age (r=0.81, P<0.01). The results show that there is a strong positive association between BMI and BF%, and age and sex are predictors of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukadas O Akindele
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University , Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Julie S Phillips
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Western Cape , Bellville
| | - Ehimario U Igumbor
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiology and Strategic Information Branch , Pretoria, South Africa
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Sutherland TJT, McLachlan CR, Sears MR, Poulton R, Hancox RJ. The relationship between body fat and respiratory function in young adults. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:734-47. [PMID: 27471202 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02216-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between adiposity and respiratory function is poorly understood. Most studies investigating this have used indirect measures of body fat and few have assessed how changes in adiposity influence lung function.Body fat measured by bio-electrical impedance analysis, body mass index, waist circumference, spirometry, body plethysmography and transfer factor were measured at ages 32 and 38 years in 361 non-smoking, non-asthmatic participants from a population-based birth cohort.Higher percentage body fat was associated with lower spirometric and plethysmographic lung volumes, but not with airflow obstruction, or transfer factor at 32 years. Changes in adiposity between ages 32 and 38 years were inversely associated with changes in lung volumes. These associations were generally stronger in men than women, but an association between increasing adiposity and lower airway function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity) was only found in women. Similar associations were found for body mass index and waist circumference.Higher percentage body fat is associated with lower lung volumes. Direct and indirect measures of adiposity had similar associations with lung function. Adiposity had a greater effect on lung volumes in men than women but was associated with airway function only in women. There was little evidence that adiposity influenced transfer factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christene R McLachlan
- Dept of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Michael de Groote School of Medicine, McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dept of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Hancox
- Dept of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Surendar J, Indulekha K, Deepa M, Mohan V, Pradeepa R. Association of adiposity, measured by skinfold thickness, with parental history of diabetes in a South Indian population: data from CURES-114. Postgrad Med J 2016; 92:379-85. [PMID: 26917700 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To look at the association of central and peripheral skinfold thickness with parental history of diabetes in subjects without diabetes. METHODS Subjects with no parental history of diabetes (n=1132), subjects with one parent with diabetes (n=271) and subjects with both parents with diabetes (n=51) were recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES) conducted between 2001 and 2003. Biceps, triceps, medial calf, mid-thigh, chest, abdomen, mid-axillary, suprailiac and subscapsular sites were measured with Lange skinfold callipers. RESULTS Trunk fat measurements, such as chest (p=0.020), mid-axillary (p=0.005), suprailiac (p=0.014), subscapsular (p<0.001) and abdomen (p=0.010) skinfolds, were highest in subjects with both parents with diabetes followed by those with one parent with diabetes, and lowest in those with no parental history of diabetes. However, the peripheral fat measurements, ie, biceps, triceps, medial calf and mid-thigh, were not significantly different between the study groups. Total truncal and peripheral fat skinfold thicknesses showed a significant positive association with other indices of obesity such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in relation to trunk fat (BMI: r=0.748, p<0.001; waist: r=0.776, p<0.001) and peripheral fat (BMI: r=0.681, p<0.001; waist: r=0.569, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS A significant association was observed between truncal and peripheral fat, assessed by skinfold thickness, and parental history of diabetes among subjects without diabetes in this urban South Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Surendar
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention & Control, IDF Centre for Education, Chennai, India
| | - K Indulekha
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention & Control, IDF Centre for Education, Chennai, India
| | - M Deepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention & Control, IDF Centre for Education, Chennai, India
| | - V Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention & Control, IDF Centre for Education, Chennai, India
| | - R Pradeepa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention & Control, IDF Centre for Education, Chennai, India
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Verney J, Schwartz C, Amiche S, Pereira B, Thivel D. Comparisons of a Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to the Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan in Healthy Young Adults Depending on their Physical Activity Level. J Hum Kinet 2015; 47:73-80. [PMID: 26557191 PMCID: PMC4633269 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at comparing BIA and DXA results in assessing body composition in young adults depending on their physical activity level. Eighty healthy 19–30 years old subjects were enrolled and their body composition (Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and by a newly developed Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer (BIA - Tanita MC780). A seven-day physical activity level was assessed using a 3-axial accelerometer. DXA-FM% and BIA-FM% were correlated (p<0.001; r= 0.852; ICC [IC95%]: 0.84 [0.75 – 0.90]; concordance coefficient: 0.844). DXA-FFM and BIA FFM were correlated (p<0.001; r=0.976; ICC [IC95%]: 0.95 [0.93 – 0.97], concordance coefficient: 0.955). DXA and BIA measurements of FM% and FFM were highly correlated in both boys and girls regardless of the physical activity level. Compared with DXA scans, newly developed bioelectrical impedance analyzers provide satisfactory fat mass and lean mass measures in healthy young women and men, despite their physical activity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Verney
- Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France. ; CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Chloé Schwartz
- Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Saliha Amiche
- Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clermont-Ferrand University hospital, Biostatistics unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France. ; CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Filho JF, Policarpo F, Gonçalves EC. Equação de estimativa da composição corporal de idosos do sexo masculino. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2015. [DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v16n5.40161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
<p><strong>Objetivo </strong>Desenvolver e validar uma equação de estimativa da composição corporal de homens idosos.</p><p><strong>Metodologia</strong> Correlacional com 85 homens com 69,5±5,8 anos residentes na Grande Vitória, divididos em dois grupos: regressão (n=54) para o desenvolvimento das equações, e validação (n=31). Foram mensurados perímetros (P), dobras cutâneas (DC) e diâmetros ósseos (DO) e o percentual de gordura (%G) determinado pela DXA (Dual X-Ray). As equações foram desenvolvidas por meio da regressão linear múltipla, com validação pelo método <em>stepwise</em>; a comparação das equações foi pelo teste <em>t de</em> <em>Student</em> pareado e a análise dos escores residuais pelo método de Blant e Altman.</p><p><strong>Resultados</strong> O grupo de regressão com 68,5±4,5 anos, massa corporal de 78,5±14,4 kg e 1,6±0,6m; % G de 30,4±6,8 %; o grupo de validação foi de 71,2±7,4 anos, 75,2±11 kg e 1,6±0,5 m e o %G foi 29,4±7,7 %. Foi encontrada a equação G%=23,371+0,337 (P abdomên)–1,464(P antebraço esquerdo)+0,501 (DC panturrilha)+0,175 (massa corporal)–0,741 (DO biacromial)–0,415 (DO bi-iliocristal)+0,374 (P coxa esquerda proximal) + 0,370 (P pescoço). A determinação da reta pelas variáveis foi significativa com o coeficiente de correlação obtido de r=0,8 e o coeficiente de determinação r<sup>2</sup>=0,8 indicaram que as variáveis dependentes conseguem explicar 87 % da estimativa; O EPE obtido foi igual a 2,6 %.</p><p><strong>Conclusão</strong> A equação resultante foi considerada adequada para a estimativa da gordura corporal de homens com idade superior a 60 anos, podendo ser uma alternativa para o cálculo dessa população. </p>
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Kotnik KZ, Robič T, Golja P. Which method to use for a fast assessment of body fat percentage? Physiol Meas 2015; 36:1453-68. [PMID: 26020697 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/7/1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Body position affects body water distribution and in turn the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), which may consequently distort conclusions about an individual's body composition.We compared body fat percentage (BFP) obtained with leg-to-leg-BIA (LL) and hand-to-leg-BIA (HL) with the reference values.The BFPs of 97 individuals were determined with an LL- (Tanita TBF 215GS, Japan) and HL- (Akern, STA/BIA, Italy) BIA-analyser and with reference skinfold thickness (SF) measurements. Each subject was measured upright with the LL-analyser, and upright and supine with the HL-analyser, both before and after 20 min of supine rest. The one-way ANOVA for repeated measures (HL-BIA), Student's t-test (LL-BIA), intraclass correlation coefficients, and Bland-Altman's plots were used for statistical analysis.BFPs determined with HL/LL BIA in upright/supine positions differ significantly. Compared to the SF method, HL-BIA mostly overestimates, while LL-BIA mostly underestimates BFP. Agreement between anthropometrically determined BFP and HL/LL-BIA determined BFP is better with HL for both sexes, and generally better in females than males.HL-BIA-determined estimates of BFP are more similar to reference values than LL-BIA. However, for both BIA methods, BIA-determined estimates of BFP are significantly affected by body position. Consequently, different BIA methods will classify approximately one fifth of subjects into the erroneous body-fat-content category, which calls for urgent standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Zdešar Kotnik
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Measuring outcomes in adult weight loss studies that include diet and physical activity: a systematic review. J Nutr Metab 2014; 2014:421423. [PMID: 25525513 PMCID: PMC4262752 DOI: 10.1155/2014/421423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Measuring success of obesity interventions is critical. Several methods measure weight loss outcomes but there is no consensus on best practices. This systematic review evaluates relevant outcomes (weight loss, BMI, % body fat, and fat mass) to determine which might be the best indicator(s) of success. Methods. Eligible articles described adult weight loss interventions that included diet and physical activity and a measure of weight or BMI change and body composition change. Results. 28 full-text articles met inclusion criteria. Subjects, settings, intervention lengths, and intensities varied. All studies measured body weight (−2.9 to −17.3 kg), 9 studies measured BMI (−1.1 to −5.1 kg/m2), 20 studies measured % body fat (−0.7 to −10.2%), and 22 studies measured fat mass (−0.9 to −14.9 kg). All studies found agreement between weight or BMI and body fat mass or body fat % decreases, though there were discrepancies in degree of significance between measures. Conclusions. Nearly all weight or BMI and body composition measures agreed. Since body fat is the most metabolically harmful tissue type, it may be a more meaningful measure of health change. Future studies should consider primarily measuring % body fat, rather than or in addition to weight or BMI.
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Neto T, Freitas S, Vaz J, Silva AM, Mil-Homens P, Carita AI. Lower limb body composition is associated to knee passive extension torque-angle response. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:403. [PMID: 24024091 PMCID: PMC3765592 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE People vary in flexibility regarding maximum joint angle, resistance to stretch and mechanical responses during stretching exercises. Body composition (BC) has been been mentioned as one of the factors for flexibility differences. The aim of this study was to determine how body composition and anthropometric measures of the lower limb is associated with passive knee extension (PKE) torque-angle (T-A) response. METHODS Twenty-five male subjects with poor flexibility performed a maximal PKE repetition (velocity of 2°/s; 90 seconds in the static phase). Knee passive T-A, vastus medialis and semitendinosous electromyographic activity were recorded during the protocol. Viscoelastic stress relaxation (VSR) amplitude, knee passive stiffness (KPS), lower limb body composition assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and anthropometry measures were determined. RESULTS Thigh skeletal muscle and bone mass, as well as thigh perimeter, showed a moderated correlation with passive torque (r = 0.45; r = 0.6; r = 0.59, respectively), joint angle (r = 0.46; r = 0.5; r = 0.5), and VSR (r = 0.46; r = 0.49; r = 0.5). Thigh skeletal muscle was also correlated with KPS (r = 0.42). All these correlations were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Passive knee extension T-A was found to be moderately correlated with lower limb BC. In particular, thigh perimeter and skeletal muscle mass were associated with knee passive stiffness and viscoelastic stress relaxation. More research is needed to understand what influences joint maximum angle, resistance to stretch and mechanical response to stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Neto
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1100 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandro Freitas
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1100 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Vaz
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1100 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1100 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Mil-Homens
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1100 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Carita
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1100 Lisbon, Portugal
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Pressler A, Haller B, Scherr J, Heitkamp D, Esefeld K, Boscheri A, Wolfarth B, Halle M. Association of body composition and left ventricular dimensions in elite athletes. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2011; 19:1194-204. [DOI: 10.1177/1741826711422455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Pressler
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Scherr
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Heitkamp
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Esefeld
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Boscheri
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Leahy S, O’Neill C, Sohun R, Jakeman P. A comparison of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis to measure total and segmental body composition in healthy young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:589-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bross R, Chandramohan G, Kovesdy CP, Oreopoulos A, Noori N, Golden S, Benner D, Kopple JD, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Comparing body composition assessment tests in long-term hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2010; 55:885-96. [PMID: 20346558 PMCID: PMC3175362 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein-energy wasting is common in chronic kidney disease and is associated with decreases in body muscle and fat stores and poor outcomes. The accuracy and reliability of field methods to measure body composition is unknown in this population. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 118 maintenance hemodialysis patients were seen at the General Clinical Research Center at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA. INDEX TESTS Triceps skinfold, near-infrared interactance, and bioelectrical impedance analysis using the Segal, Kushner, and Lukaski equations. REFERENCE TEST Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). RESULTS Participants (42% women, 52% with diabetes, 40% African Americans, and 38% Hispanics) were aged 49.4 +/- 11.5 (mean +/- SD) years, and had undergone dialysis therapy for 41.1 +/- 32.9 months. Body mass index was 27.0 +/- 6.0 kg/m(2). Using DEXA as the reference test, the bioelectrical impedance analysis-Kushner equation, triceps skinfold, and near-infrared interactance were most accurate of the index tests in estimating total-body fat percentage, whereas bioelectrical impedance analysis-Segal equation and bioelectrical impedance analysis-Lukaski equation overestimated total body fat percentage. Bland-Altman analyses and difference plots showed that bioelectrical impedance analysis-Kushner and near-infrared interactance were most similar to the reference test. Bioelectrical impedance analysis-Kushner, triceps skinfold, and near-infrared interactance had the smallest mean differences from DEXA, especially in women (1.6%, 0.7%, and 1.2%, respectively). Similar results were observed in African American participants (n = 47). LIMITATIONS Measurements were performed 1 day after a hemodialysis treatment, leading to more fluid retention, which may have affected the reference and index tests differently. CONCLUSIONS Using DEXA as the reference test, both near-infrared interactance and bioelectrical impedance analysis-Kushner method yield more consistent estimates of total body fat percentage in maintenance hemodialysis patients compared with the other index tests. Near-infrared interactance is not affected by skin color. Field methods with portable devices may provide adequate precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Bross
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
- Division of Bionutrition, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
- General Clinical Research Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Gangadarshni Chandramohan
- Department of Pediatric, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | | | | | - Nazanin Noori
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Sarah Golden
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
- Division of Bionutrition, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
- General Clinical Research Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | | | - Joel D Kopple
- General Clinical Research Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
- Department of Pediatric, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
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Rider OJ, Francis JM, Ali MK, Byrne J, Clarke K, Neubauer S, Petersen SE. Determinants of left ventricular mass in obesity; a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2009; 11:9. [PMID: 19393079 PMCID: PMC2680851 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-11-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is linked to increased left ventricular mass, an independent predictor of mortality. As a result of this, understanding the determinants of left ventricular mass in the setting of obesity has both therapeutic and prognostic implications. Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance our goal was to elucidate the main predictors of left ventricular mass in severely obese subjects free of additional cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS 38 obese (BMI 37.8 +/- 6.9 kg/m2) and 16 normal weight controls subjects, (BMI 21.7 +/- 1.8 kg/m2), all without cardiovascular risk factors, underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to assess left ventricular mass, left ventricular volumes and visceral fat mass. Left ventricular mass was then compared to serum and anthropometric markers of obesity linked to left ventricular mass, i.e. height, age, blood pressure, total fat mass, visceral fat mass, lean mass, serum leptin and fasting insulin level. RESULTS As expected, obesity was associated with significantly increased left ventricular mass (126 +/- 27 vs 90 +/- 20 g; p < 0.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that over 75% of the cross sectional variation in left ventricular mass can be explained by lean body mass (beta = 0.51, p < 0.001), LV stroke volume (beta = 0.31 p = 0.001) and abdominal visceral fat mass (beta = 0.20, p = 0.02), all of which showed highly significant independent associations with left ventricular mass (overall R2 = 0.77). CONCLUSION The left ventricular hypertrophic response to obesity in the absence of additional cardiovascular risk factors is mainly attributable to increases in lean body mass, LV stroke volume and visceral fat mass. In view of the well documented link between obesity, left ventricular hypertrophy and mortality, these findings have potentially important prognostic and therapeutic implications for primary and secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Rider
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane M Francis
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mohammed K Ali
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Byrne
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southampton, UK
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steffen E Petersen
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Fakhrawi DH, Beeson L, Libanati C, Feleke D, Kim H, Quansah A, Darnell A, Lammi-Keefe CJ, Cordero-MacIntyre Z. Comparison of body composition by bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. J Clin Densitom 2009; 12:238-44. [PMID: 19285894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the Rudolph J. Liedtke (RJL) Sciences Quantum II system bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) with the fan beam Hologic dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, software V8.26a) for assessing body composition in postmenopausal obese women. Thirty-three postmenopausal overweight/obese females (mean age: 53.9+/-6.0 yr; mean weight: 91.3+/-17.5 kg; and mean body mass index [BMI]: 33.1+/-5.7 kg/m2) were evaluated for comparison of body weight (BW), fat mass (FM), percent FM (%FM), and fat free mass (FFM). The comparison was assessed by RJL Quantum 2 Cyprus 2.6 (Clinton Township, MI) BIA vs fan beam DXA Hologic QDR-4500A software V8.26a (ODR 4500 Hologic, Inc., Waltham, Mass). RJL-BIA and DXA measurements were performed at the same time. BW was measured using a balance scale (Detecto; Web City, MO) and these results were used for the RJL-BIA analysis. Balance weight was compared with DXA BW. Correlations between DXA and RJL-BIA for BW, FM, %FM, and FFM were 0.998, 0.980, 0.782, and 0.926 (p<0.01), respectively. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated general agreement between methods for BW, FM, %FM, and FFM. However, for the latter 3 metrics of body composition, one unit change using BIA does not correspond to one unit change using DXA, as there were systematic disagreements at either end of the range of values. But RJL-BIA could be a valid method for assessing body composition of overweight/obese postmenopausal women once appropriate validated regression equations have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina H Fakhrawi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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D'Alonzo KT, Aluf A, Vincent L, Cooper K. A comparison of field methods to assess body composition in a diverse group of sedentary women. Biol Res Nurs 2008; 10:274-83. [PMID: 19022781 DOI: 10.1177/1099800408326583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of body composition is essential in the evaluation of obesity. While laboratory methods are commonly used to assess fat mass, field measures (e.g., skinfold thickness [SKF] and bioelectrical impedance [BIA]) may be more practical for screening large numbers of individuals in intervention studies. In this study, a correlational design was used among 46 racially and ethnically diverse, sedentary women (mean age = 25.73 years) to (a) compare the percentage of body fat as determined by SKF and the upper body BIA and (b) examine the effects of body mass index (BMI), racial/ethnic background, age, and stage of the menstrual cycle on differences in the estimated percentage of body fat obtained using the SKF and BIA. Overall, a significant correlation between SKF and BIA (r = .98, p < .001) was found, with similar findings among Black, Hispanic and White non-Hispanic women. The mean differences between BIA and SKF were not significantly correlated with BMI, age, race/ethnicity or stage of the menstrual cycle. Data from this study suggest that BIA showed similar body fat prediction values compared with SKF and may be a viable alternative to SKF among diverse groups of healthy women. Additional testing and comparison of these field methods with the laboratory methods of hydro-densitometry or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is recommended to further determine whether BIA devices can be routinely recommended as an alternative to the SKF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen T D'Alonzo
- College of Nursing, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
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26
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Barreto Silva MI, Avesani CM, Vale B, Lemos C, Bregman R. Agreement Between Anthropometry and Bioelectrical Impedance for Measuring Body Fat in Nonobese and Obese Nondialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. J Ren Nutr 2008; 18:355-62. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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NEOVIUS MARTIN, UDDÉN JOANNA, HEMMINGSSON ERIK. Assessment of Change in Body Fat Percentage with DXA and Eight-Electrode BIA in Centrally Obese Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39:2199-203. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181579.38a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dixon JB, Strauss BJG, Laurie C, O'Brien PE. Smaller hip circumference is associated with dyslipidemia and the metabolic syndrome in obese women. Obes Surg 2007; 17:770-7. [PMID: 17879577 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-007-9142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is great need for simple anthropometric measures that predict risk. The authors explored the relationship between body composition measures and features of the metabolic syndrome (MtS) in women aged between 20 and 50 years with class I obesity. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 49 obese (BMI 30-35) women recruited into a weight management randomized trial. An analysis was conducted of the baseline weight, anthropometric measures, skin-fold thickness, bioelectrical impedance, whole body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and their relationships with the features of the MtS. RESULTS All women but one (n=48) had a population risk waist circumference of >88 cm. 16 of the 49 (33%) fulfilled the criteria of the metabolic syndrome. Simple anthropometric measures provided the strongest correlations with the presence of the MtS. Cut-off values were selected using receiver operator characteristics. Waist circumference of >100 cm and hip circumference <115cm was associated with odds ratios of 5.2 (95% CI, 1.4-20) and 12.3 (95% CI, 3.0-51) respectively for the MtS. Regional DEXA analysis showed that lower leg fat mass rather than fat-free mass was associated with the MtS. The dyslipidemia of the MtS was associated with a lower leg fat mass, while higher HbAlc levels and HOMA, an indirect measure of insulin resistance, were seen with increased trunk fat. Percentage fat as measured by skin-fold thickness and bioelectrical impedance were not related to any features. Women with the metabolic syndrome were found to have lower bone mineral content as measured by DEXA. CONCLUSION Weight distribution is highly predictive of metabolic risk. Smaller hip and larger waist circumference provided independent effect. BMI adjusted anthropometric measures may be of value.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Dixon
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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29
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Thomson R, Brinkworth GD, Buckley JD, Noakes M, Clifton PM. Good agreement between bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for estimating changes in body composition during weight loss in overweight young women. Clin Nutr 2007; 26:771-7. [PMID: 17936443 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare estimations of body composition using two different methods of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for estimating body composition during weight loss in overweight and obese young females. METHODS Twenty-four overweight or obese females (age 29.5+/-6.1 years, BMI 36.4+/-4.3 kg/m(2)) had body composition assessed using single-frequency (Tanita Ultimate Scale; SF-BIA) and multi-frequency (Impedimed SFB7; MF-BIA) BIA and DXA before and after a 10-week weight loss intervention. RESULTS MF-BIA estimates of body composition showed good absolute agreement with DXA, as evidenced by the small biases in the estimation of fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and percentage body fat (BF%); however, the limits of agreement for each variable were wide (bias +/-1.96 standard deviation; FFM -1.6+/-6.5 kg, FM 1.6+/-6.5 kg, BF% 1.4+/-6.3%). SF-BIA exhibited a larger bias with wide limits of agreement (FFM 3.8+/-9.1 kg, FM -3.8+/-9.1 kg, BF% -4.37+/-10.3%). During weight loss the values provided by MF-BIA and SF-BIA were not significantly different from DXA (p> or =0.89) due to small bias and the limits of agreement were narrow (MF-BIA: FFM -0.01+/-3.74 kg, FM 0.01+/-3.74 kg, BF% 0.22+/-3.40%; SF-BIA: FFM 0.40+/-3.92 kg, FM -0.40+/-3.92 kg, BF% 0.25+/-3.40%). CONCLUSION Compared with DXA, both the MF-BIA and SF-BIA accurately assessed changes in body composition with weight loss but, compared with SF-BIA, MF-BIA provided superior cross-sectional estimates of body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Thomson
- CSIRO Human Nutrition, PO Box 10041 BC, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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30
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Alvarez VP, Dixon JB, Strauss BJG, Laurie CP, Chaston TB, O'Brien PE. Single frequency bioelectrical impedance is a poor method for determining fat mass in moderately obese women. Obes Surg 2007; 17:211-21. [PMID: 17476875 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-007-9032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of weight loss intervention in obesity is the loss of fat mass (FM). Hence, determinations of changes in FM and fat free mass (FFM) during weight loss are of clinical value. The authors compared the clinical utility of SkinFold Thickness (SKF), tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and a body mass index (BMI) based calculation, in determining changes in percentage of fat mass (delta%FM). METHODS Using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements of %FM as a standard, BIA, SKF and BMI were compared in 41 moderately obese women (BMI 30-35) before and after significant weight loss (-13.9 +/- 5.8 kg). RESULTS When measuring fat mass loss, SKF was precise and accurate with a bias of +0.86 +/- 6.16 %, while the BMI-based estimation had a systematic bias of +6.36 +/- 6.04 % (r2 = 0.791, P < 0.001). BIA using the Lukaski formula had a bias of +5.22 % and limits of agreement that approached the magnitude of the measurement (+/- 20.82 %), thus providing no information. In contrast, BIA using the Segal formula had a systematic bias of +7.81% (r2 = 0.636, P < 0.001) and gave narrower limits of agreement (+/- 8.34 %). CONCLUSION For measuring changes in %FM with weight loss, BIA has no clinical value using the Lukaski formula, and using the Segal formula BIA provided no additional information to that given by BMI. We show that BIA instrument variables confound the estimates of %FM achieved by the BMI component of the Lukaski and Segal formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica P Alvarez
- Australian Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Monash University Medical School, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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31
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McLachlan CR, Poulton R, Car G, Cowan J, Filsell S, Greene JM, Taylor DR, Welch D, Williamson A, Sears MR, Hancox RJ. Adiposity, asthma, and airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 119:634-9. [PMID: 17141852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have found obesity to be associated with an increased prevalence of asthma. For reasons that remain unclear, this association has often been reported to be stronger in women than in men. One possible explanation might be that these studies have used body mass index to identify adiposity, which might be a less reliable measure of body fat in men than in women. OBJECTIVE We sought to explore the association between body fat percentage measured by means of bioelectrical impedance analysis and asthma, airflow obstruction, and airway inflammation in men and women. METHODS Respiratory questionnaires, spirometry, bronchodilator response, exhaled nitric oxide level, and percentage of body fat were measured in a population-based cohort of approximately 1000 individuals at age 32 years. RESULTS There was a significant association between the percentage of body fat and asthma in women (P = .043) but not in men (P = .75). Airflow obstruction was associated with percentage of body fat in women (P = .046), but there was an inverse association in men (P = .010). Bronchodilator responsiveness was also associated with lower body fat in men (P = .004). Airway inflammation, measured by means of exhaled nitric oxide, was not associated with body fat in either women (P = .17) or men (P = .25). CONCLUSION Adiposity is associated with asthma and airflow obstruction in women. This does not appear to be mediated by airway inflammation. In men airflow obstruction and bronchodilator responsiveness are associated with a lower percentage of body fat. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS In women, but not in men, obesity is associated with asthma and airflow obstruction, but there was no association with airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christene R McLachlan
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Aniteli TM, Florindo AA, Pereira RMR, Martini LA. Desenvolvimento de equação para estimativa da gordura corporal de mulheres idosas com osteoporose e osteopenia através da espessura de dobras cutâneas tendo como referência absorciometria por dupla emissão de raios X. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922006000600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: A composição corporal vem sendo descrita como importante fator relacionado à densidade mineral óssea. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver equação preditiva para percentagem de gordura corporal através da espessura de dobras cutâneas tendo como referência a absorciometria por dupla emissão de raios X (DXA), em mulheres com osteoporose e osteopenia. METODOLOGIA: Foram analisadas 29 mulheres com idade entre 67 e 84 anos, atendidas no Ambulatório de Osteoporose da Disciplina de Reumatologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram mensuradas as espessuras de quatro dobras cutâneas (bíceps, tríceps, subescapular e supra-ilíaca) e realizada a avaliação da composição corporal pela DXA. A análise estatística constou do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, análise de regressão linear simples, coeficiente de correlação intraclasse, teste t de Student, teste de Bland-Altman e cálculo do erro total da equação de acordo com Lohman (1992). RESULTADOS: O modelo de espessura de dobras cutâneas que melhor explicou o percentual de gordura corporal incluiu a soma das dobras supra-ilíaca, bicipital e tricipital, determinando em até 72% a percentagem de gordura corporal. Os valores médios da gordura corporal em quilograma, estimados pelas dobras e medidos pela DXA, não foram estatisticamente diferentes e estiveram altamente correlacionados (r = 0,82; p < 0,001). Comparando-se o percentual de gordura corporal avaliado pela equação proposta e o medido pela DXA, o erro total foi de 0,7% e 0,4kg. CONCLUSÃO: Em vista dos presentes resultados, a equação resultante do modelo de regressão linear é adequada para as mulheres idosas com osteoporose e osteopenia, podendo ser uma alternativa para a estimativa de gordura corporal nesse tipo de população.
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Neovius M, Hemmingsson E, Freyschuss B, Uddén J. Bioelectrical impedance underestimates total and truncal fatness in abdominally obese women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:1731-8. [PMID: 17062802 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2006.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare estimates of total and truncal fatness from eight-electrode bioelectrical impedance analysis equipment (BIA(8)) with those from DXA in centrally obese women. The secondary aim was to examine BMI and waist circumference (WC) as proxy measures for percentage total body fat (%TBF) and truncal body fat percentage (tr%BF). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES This was a cross-sectional study of 136 women (age, 48.1 +/- 7.7 years; BMI, 30.4 +/- 2.9 kg/m(2); %TBF(DXA), 46.0 +/- 3.7%; WC, 104 +/- 8 cm). Fatness was measured by DXA and Tanita BC-418 equipment (Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Agreement among methods was assessed by Bland-Altman plots, and regression analysis was used to evaluate anthropometric measures as proxies for total and abdominal fatness. RESULTS The percentage of overweight subjects was 41.9%, whereas 55.9% of the subjects were obese, as defined by BMI, and all subjects had a WC exceeding the World Health Organization cut-off point for abdominal obesity. Compared with DXA, the BIA(8) equipment significantly underestimated total %BF (-5.0; -3.6 to -8.5 [mean; 95% confidence interval]), fat mass (-3.6; -3.9 to -3.2), and tr%BF (-8.5; -9.1 to -7.9). The discrepancies between the methods increased with increasing adiposity for both %TBF and tr%BF (both p < 0.001). Variation in BMI explained 28% of the variation in %TBF(DXA) and 51% of %TBF(BIA8). Using WC as a proxy for truncal adiposity, it explained only 18% of tr%BF(DXA) variance and 27% of tr%BF(BIA8) variance. The corresponding figures for truncal fat mass were 49% and 35%, respectively. No significant age effects were observed in any of the regressions. DISCUSSION BIA(8) underestimated both total and truncal fatness, compared with DXA, with higher dispersion for tr%BF than %TBF. The discrepancies increased with degree of adiposity, suggesting that the accuracy of BIA is negatively affected by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Neovius
- Obesity Unit, m73, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hand BD, Roth SM, Roltsch MH, Park JJ, Kostek MC, Ferrell RE, Brown MD. AMPD1 gene polymorphism and the vasodilatory response to ischemia. Life Sci 2006; 79:1413-8. [PMID: 16707139 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral vasculature resistance can play an important role in affecting blood pressure and the development of cardiovascular disease. A better understanding of the genes that encode vasodilators, such as adenosine, will provide insight into the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease. We tested whether the adenosine monophosphate deaminase-1 (AMPD1) C34T gene polymorphism was associated with the vasodilatory response to ischemia in Caucasian females aged 18-35 years. Blood samples (n = 58) were analyzed for the C34T variant and resulted in the following genotype groups: CC (n = 45) and CT (n = 13). Mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate, and forearm blood flow (FBF) measured by venous occlusion plethysmography were measured at baseline and at 1 (peak FBF), 2 and 3 min of vasodilation during reactive hyperemia following 5 min of arm ischemia. To control for interindividual variability in baseline FBF and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) the percent change in FBF and FVR were calculated for each min. The percent decrease in FVR was significantly greater in the CT compared to the CC genotype group (-40+/-4% vs. -24+/-3%, P = 0.01) during the 2nd min of reactive hyperemia. The percent increase in FBF tended to be greater in the CT compared to the CC genotype group (+69+/-9% vs. +42+/-9%, P = 0.07) during the 2nd min of reactive hyperemia after adjustment for percent body fat. Consistent with previous findings of increased production of adenosine during exercise in individuals carrying a T allele, our findings suggest that the AMPD1 C34T polymorphism is associated with vasodilatory response to ischemia in the peripheral vasculature because individuals with the T allele had a greater vasodilatory response to ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Hand
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Willett K, Jiang R, Lenart E, Spiegelman D, Willett W. Comparison of bioelectrical impedance and BMI in predicting obesity-related medical conditions. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:480-90. [PMID: 16648620 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2006.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relative validity of specific bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) prediction equations and BMI as predictors of physiologically relevant general adiposity. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Subjects were >12,000 men and women from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey population. We examined the correlations between BMI and percentage body fat based on 51 different predictive equations, blood pressure, and blood levels of glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, which are known to reflect adiposity, while controlling for other determinants of these physiological measures. RESULTS BMI consistently had one of the highest correlations across biological markers, and no BIA-based measure was superior. Percent body fat estimated from BIA was minimally predictive of the physiological markers independent of BMI. DISCUSSION These results suggest that BIA is not superior to BMI as a predictor of overall adiposity in a general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamali Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Newton RL, Alfonso A, York-Crowe E, Walden H, White MA, Ryan D, Williamson DA. Comparison of body composition methods in obese African-American women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:415-22. [PMID: 16648612 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2006.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracy of percentage body fat (%BF) estimates between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and DXA in obese African-American women. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Fifty-five obese African-American women (mean age, 45 years; mean BMI, 38; mean %BF, 48%) were studied. BF was assessed by both BIA (RJL Systems BIA 101Q; RJL Systems, Clinton Township, MI) and DXA (Hologic QDR-2000 Bone Densitometer; Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA). Generalized and ethnicity- and obese-specific equations were used to calculate %BF from the BIA. Bland-Altman analyses were used to compare the agreement between the BIA and the DXA, with the DXA serving as the criterion measure. RESULTS Two of the generalized equations provided consistent estimates across the weight range in comparison with the DXA estimates, whereas most of the other equations increasingly underestimated %BF as BF increased. One of the generalized and one of the ethnicity-specific equations had mean differences that were not significantly different from the DXA value. DISCUSSION The findings show that the Lukaski equation provided the most precise and accurate estimates of %BF in comparison with the QDR 2000 and provide preliminary support for the use of this equation for obese African-American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Newton
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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Kontogianni MD, Panagiotakos DB, Skopouli FN. Does body mass index reflect adequately the body fat content in perimenopausal women? Maturitas 2006; 51:307-13. [PMID: 15978975 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2004.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Revised: 08/27/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether BMI cut-off points for obesity, reflect adequately the actual obesity status, in a sample of perimenopausal women. For study's purposes, a new bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) equation was estimated. METHODS 115 Greek, middle-aged women were tested. Body composition was estimated by dual X-ray absorptiometry and BIA method. Waist (WC) and hip circumference (HC) and skinfolds were also measured. RESULTS The BIA equation predicted fat free mass (FFM) from height, weight, age and resistance (R(2)=0.88, S.E.E.=1.89 kg). The bias was not significant and the limits of agreement +/-3.6 kg. BMI, FFM, body fat percentage (BF%), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), WC and HC did not differ between pre (N=37) and postmenopausal (N=48) women (at p=0.05). Both BF% and BMI correlated with WHR and WC (r(BF%-WHR)=0.287, p=0.009; r(BMI-WHR)=0.355, p=0.001 and r(BF%-WC)=0.72, p<0.0001; r(BMI-WC)=0.81, p<0.0001). The mean values for BF%, WC and WHR for women with normal BMI were 36.15% (+/-4.19), 72.53 cm (+/-3.64) and 0.749 (+/-0.05), whereas values for overweight women were 41.42% (+/-3.16), 83.06 cm (+/-7.55) and 0.787 (+/-0.05) and for obese these were 47.40% (+/-3.67), 95.10 cm (+/-8.52) and 0.814 (+/-0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION The body composition analysis of the study sample revealed undesirably high BF%, even in subjects with BMI below 25, in whom BMI did not reflect the body fat content. However, BF was mainly distributed at the lower part of the body. Whether BMI or BF% is a more sensitive index for obesity related diseases, in perimenopausal period, remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meropi D Kontogianni
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, Harokopio University, 17671, Kallithea, El. Venizelou 70, Athens, Greece
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Mohan V, Deepa R, Velmurugan K, Premalatha G. Association of C-reactive protein with body fat, diabetes and coronary artery disease in Asian Indians: the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-6). Diabet Med 2005; 22:863-70. [PMID: 15975100 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the association of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with body fat, diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) in an urban south Indian population. DESIGN The study was conducted on 150 subjects selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), an ongoing population-based study on a representative population of Chennai (formerly Madras). Group 1 comprised of non-diabetic subjects without CAD (n = 50). Type 2 diabetic subjects without CAD formed Group 2 (n = 50); Group 3 comprised of Type 2 diabetic subjects with CAD (n = 50). CAD was diagnosed based on electrocardiographic (ECG) changes suggestive of ST segment depression and/or Q wave changes using appropriate Minnesota codes. All study subjects were non-smokers, and had no infectious or inflammatory diseases. The plasma levels of hs-CRP were measured using a highly sensitive nephelometric assay. Body fat was calculated using Siri's formula using skin fold measurements. RESULTS Diabetic subjects with (2.89 mg/l) and without (2.25 mg/l) CAD had significantly higher hs-CRP levels compared with non-diabetic subjects without CAD (0.99 mg/l, P < 0.001). hs-CRP values increased with increases in tertiles of body fat (ANOVAP < 0.001) and HbA1c (ANOVAP < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed hs-CRP to be strongly associated with CAD (OR: 1.649, P = 0.040) and diabetes (OR: 2.264, P = 0.008) even after adjusting for age and gender. Regression analysis also revealed body fat to be strongly associated with diabetes and CAD even after adjusting for age and gender (P < 0.001). hs-CRP influenced this association for diabetes but not for CAD. CONCLUSION hs-CRP showed a strong association with CAD and diabetes, even after adjusting for age and gender. The association of body fat with diabetes seems to be mediated through hs-CRP. However, hs-CRP does not appear to mediate the relationship between body fat and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
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Kotoh K, Nakamuta M, Fukushima M, Matsuzaki C, Enjoji M, Sakai H, Nawata H. High relative fat-free mass is important for maintaining serum albumin levels in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:1356-60. [PMID: 15761975 PMCID: PMC4250684 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i9.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: In patients with liver cirrhosis, hypoalbuminemia causes edema and ascites, and a reduction in the quality of life. Since musculature is catabolized to supply amino acids for albumin synthesis in malnutritional cirrhotic patients, muscular volume is hypothesized to play an important role in albumin production. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between serum albumin levels and the fat-free mass (FFM) in cirrhotic patients.
METHODS: Fifty-seven patients (26 males and 31 females) with compensated liver cirrhosis were evaluated. Patients with edema or ascites were excluded from the study. Healthy volunteers (n = 104; 48 males and 56 females) were also evaluated as controls. FFM was measured using 5-500 kHz multifrequency bioelectric impedance analysis. To minimize the difference in FFM distribution between males and females, we introduced a new marker, relative FFM (rFFM), which represents the ratio of FFM in a patient relative to that in a volunteer of the same height. Following FFM measurement, the serum albumin levels of patients were assayed monthly.
RESULTS: In patients with active cirrhosis (alanine aminotransaminase [ALT] >50 U/L), both albumin (the difference between maximum and minimum levels) and the standard deviation of albumin levels (SD-albumin) during the observation period showed a significant correlation with rFFM. Multiple linear regression analysis using variables such as rFFM, platelet number, and serum cholesterol levels, choline esterase, albumin, bilirubin, and ALT revealed that rFFM and ALT were significant and independent factors that influenced albumin or SD-albumin in cirrhotic patients.
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that cirrhotic patients with high rFFM showed less of a decrease in albumin levels, and that the muscle volume is one of the most important factors for maintaining serum albumins level in active cirrhosis. Exercise and protein-rich nutrition at the early stage of liver cirrhosis may be advisable for maintaining or increasing muscular volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kotoh
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Sun G, French CR, Martin GR, Younghusband B, Green RC, Xie YG, Mathews M, Barron JR, Fitzpatrick DG, Gulliver W, Zhang H. Comparison of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessment of percentage body fat in a large, healthy population. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:74-8. [PMID: 15640463 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is widely used in clinics and research to measure body composition. However, the results of BIA validation with reference methods are contradictory, and few data are available on the influence of adiposity on the measurement of body composition by BIA. OBJECTIVE The goal was to determine the effects of sex and adiposity on the difference in percentage body fat (%BF) predicted by BIA compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DESIGN A total of 591 healthy subjects were recruited in Newfoundland and Labrador. %BF was predicted by using BIA and was compared with that measured by DXA. Methods agreement was assessed by Pearson's correlation and Bland and Altman analysis. Differences in %BF among groups based on sex and adiposity were analyzed by using one-factor analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Correlations between BIA and DXA were 0.88 for the whole population, 0.78 for men, and 0.85 for women. The mean %BF determined by BIA (32.89 +/- 8.00%) was significantly lower than that measured by DXA (34.72 +/- 8.66%). The cutoffs were sex specific. BIA overestimated %BF by 3.03% and 4.40% when %BF was <15% in men and <25% in women, respectively, and underestimated %BF by 4.32% and 2.71% when %BF was >25% in men and >33% in women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS BIA is a good alternative for estimating %BF when subjects are within a normal body fat range. BIA tends to overestimate %BF in lean subjects and underestimate %BF in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Sun
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada, and Newlab Clinical Genetics, St John's, Canada.
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Haapala I, Hirvonen A, Niskanen L, Uusitupa M, Kröger H, Alhava E, Nissinen A. Anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the assessment of body composition in elderly Finnish women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2002; 22:383-91. [PMID: 12464142 DOI: 10.1046/j.1475-097x.2002.00447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), skinfold thickness measurement (STM) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), as a reference method, were compared with each other in the assessment of body composition in elderly (62-72-year-old) Finnish women (n=93). BIA had better agreement with DXA in the assessment of fat free mass (FFM, R2=0.70, Sres=2.1) and fat mass (FM, R2=0.93, Sres=2.3) than the STM (FFM, R2=0.62, Sres=2.4; FM, R2=0.89,Sres=2.8). There was quite a large variation in the estimates when different BIA prediction equations were used. The equation developed in this study, FFM (kg)=-128.06 + 1.85 x BMI-0.63 x weight + 1.07 x height - 0.03 x resistance +10.0 x waist-hip ratio, yielded a small and unbiased error (0.5 +/- 1.6 kg), with a small residual standard deviation (R2=0.83, Sres=1.6). However, error associated with the estimate of FM was positively related to the degree of FM. BIA(Heitmann) equation yielded unbiased estimates of both FFM and FM (FFM, R2=0.77, Sres=1.8; FM, R2=0.95, Sres=1.9). Both the STM and BIA (manufacturer's equation) resulted in error which was statistically significant and positively correlated with FFM and FM. These results indicate that BIA prediction equations, chosen with care, can improve the performance of equations based upon anthropometric measurements alone in the assessment of body composition in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irja Haapala
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
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Wang J, Laferrère B, Thornton JC, Pierson RN, Pi-Sunyer FX. Regional subcutaneous-fat loss induced by caloric restriction in obese women. OBESITY RESEARCH 2002; 10:885-90. [PMID: 12226136 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2002.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With anthropometric models using skinfolds and circumferences, we studied changes in the percentage of subcutaneous fat in the total cross-sectional area (SF%) at four body sites in obese women, before and after weight loss induced by 6 months of caloric restriction. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES In 61 obese women [31 African Americans and 30 whites; ages, 24 to 68 years; body mass index (BMI), > or =28 kg/m(2)], we measured SF% at the midpoint of the upper arm and thigh and the waistline and hipline, and we measured the percentage of total body fat by DXA before (Obs#1) and after (Obs#2) a 6-month nonintervention control period and then after 6 months on a 1200 kcal/d diet (Obs#3). RESULTS The mean body weight and BMI increased (1.8 kg and 0.61 kg/m(2); p = 0.0001), but there were no significant changes in any other body composition measurements from Obs#1 to Obs#2. The means of Obs#3 for weight and BMI decreased by 11%, and the percentage of total body fat decreased by 13% of Obs#2 mean values (p = 0.0001). The mean SF% at each site decreased 7.6% to 18.0% of the Obs#2 mean values (p < 0.001). The SF% decreases were greater at mid-arm and mid-thigh than in the cross-sectional regions at the waistline and hipline (p = 0.05). There was no interaction between age or ethnicity (p > 0.2). CONCLUSIONS In obese women, caloric restriction alone reduces anthropometrically measured subcutaneous fat proportionally more in peripheral than in central regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Wang
- Body Composition Unit, Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10025, USA.
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Jain RG, Furfine ES, Pedneault L, White AJ, Lenhard JM. Metabolic complications associated with antiretroviral therapy. Antiviral Res 2001; 51:151-77. [PMID: 11448728 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(01)00148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mortality rates in the HIV-infected patient population have decreased with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of AIDS. Due to the chronic nature of HAART, long-term metabolic complications are associated with therapy, such as hyperlipidemia, fat redistribution and diabetes mellitus. Currently, all of these symptoms are classified as the lipodystrophy (LD) syndrome(s). However, hyperlipidemia and fat redistribution occur independently, indicating there may be multiple syndromes associated with HAART. Although fat gain/loss and dyslipidemia occur in protease inhibitor (PI) naïve patients treated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), combination therapies (PI and NRTI) accelerate the syndrome. Recent clinical trials, cell culture and animal studies indicate that these effects are not drug class specific and select PIs, NRTIs and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) can be associated with metabolic complications. Moreover, the effects can vary between various members of the same class of antiretroviral agents (i.e. not all PIs cause the same adverse reactions) and may be influenced by duration of infection, genetics and environmental factors. Although HAART increases the risk of metabolic complications, this does not outweigh the benefits of survival. In this review, we summarize the latest clinical and scientific information on these metabolic complications, examine current hypotheses explaining the syndromes and comment on the existing methods available to manage these metabolic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Jain
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., 5 Moore Drive, 27709, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Eisenkölbl J, Kartasurya M, Widhalm K. Underestimation of percentage fat mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis compared to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry method in obese children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2001; 55:423-9. [PMID: 11423918 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2000] [Revised: 01/02/2001] [Accepted: 01/10/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is a difference between body fat mass percentage measured by BIA and DXA method. DESIGN Transversal study, randomized. SETTING Lipid and Obesity Outpatient Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, University of Vienna, Austria. SUBJECTS Twenty-seven children and adolescents from the Lipid and Obesity Outpatient Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, University of Vienna, were included in the study (14 boys and 13 girls between 6 and 18 y; mean age 12.6 and 13.1 y). METHODS The body fat percentage was measured with BIA (bioelectrical impedance analyzer BIA 2000-M) and DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) methods on the same day. RESULTS The mean difference between the body fat mass percentage measured by BIA and DXA was 4.48 with a standard deviation of 2.93. The results measured by BIA were almost always lower than that by DXA by about 12%. The lower and upper limit of the difference in 95% confidence interval was -5.64 and -3.32. By paired t-test, these results were significantly different (P<0.001). The correlation between the two measurements was 0.826. The mean percentage of body fat mass measured by BIA was 34.86+/-7.08% and by DXA 39.75+/-5.63%. The differences were not changed by age and body fat percentage but they were by sex. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study show that the body fat percentages measured by BIA and DXA method were significantly different. This is very important because BIA technique is a routine technique for clinical purposes. Adjustments to the formula used for calculating the total fat mass in obese children and adolescence are necessary. Underestimation of body fat percentage measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis compared to dual X-ray absorptiometry method in obese children is three times higher with boys than with girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eisenkölbl
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Intensive Care and Congenitas Anomalies, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Piers LS, Soares MJ, Frandsen SL, O'Dea K. Indirect estimates of body composition are useful for groups but unreliable in individuals. Int J Obes (Lond) 2000; 24:1145-52. [PMID: 11033983 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the usefulness of the body mass index (BMI) in identifying individuals classified as overweight or obese based on estimates of body fat percentage (BF%) obtained by the deuterium dilution (BF%DD) method. In addition, to assess the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements in the estimation of body composition of Australians at the individual and group level. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS One hundred and seventeen healthy Australian volunteers of European descent, comprising of 51 males and 66 females, ranging in age from 19 to 77 y. MEASUREMENTS BMI was calculated from body weight and height. Fat-free mass (FFM) was estimated from measures of total body water (TBW) using deuterium dilution (FFM(DD)), SFT using the equations of Durnin and Womersley (Br J Nutr 1974; 32: 77-97) (FFM(SFT)), and BIA using the equations of Lukaski et al (J Appl Physiol 1986; 60: 1327-1332) (FFM(Lu)), Segal et al (Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 47: 7-14) (FFM(Se)) and Heitmann (Eur J Clin Nutr 1990; 44: 831-837) (FFM(He)). Estimates of fat mass (FM) were calculated as the difference between body weight and FFM, while BF% was calculated by expressing FM as a percentage of body weight. RESULTS BMI had poor sensitivity and positive predictive value in identifying individuals as being overweight/obese as classified by BF%DD. Furthermore, estimates of FFM (and hence FM) from BIA or SFT could not be used interchangeably with DD, without the risk of considerable error at the individual level. At the group level errors were relatively smaller, though statistically significant. While FFM(SFT) could be corrected by the addition of the bias (1.2 kg in males and 0.8 kg in females), no simple correction was possible with BIA estimates of FFM for any of the equations used. However, an accurate prediction of FFM(DD) was possible from the combination of FFM(He), biceps SFT and mid-arm circumference in both males and females. The bias of this prediction was small (<0.15 kg), statistically non-significant in both sexes, and unrelated to the mean FFM obtained by the two methods. The revision of Heitmann's estimate of FFM using anthropometric variables described in this study had the best sensitivity (79%), specificity (96%) and positive predictive value (92%) in identifying overweight/obese individuals in comparison to the other equations tested. CONCLUSION BMI was a poor surrogate for body fatness in both males and females. The currently recommended equations for the prediction of body composition from SFT and BIA provided inaccurate estimates of FFM both at the individual and group level as compared to estimates from DD. However, Heitmann's equations, when combined with measures of the biceps SFT and mid-arm circumference, provided better estimates of FFM both at the individual and group level.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Piers
- Centre for Population Health and Nutrition, Monash Institute of Public Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Vic, Australia.
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