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Samimi A, Rosander AM, Kadell L, Wornom C, Brooks BD. An Unusual Case of Echinococcal Cyst in the Spleen: Diagnostic Challenges and Management Strategies. Cureus 2025; 17:e81524. [PMID: 40308433 PMCID: PMC12043333 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.81524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a rare parasitic infection characterized by a mass effect within organs depending upon the site of the cyst, with the liver being the most common. Its presentation is usually chronic and may remain asymptomatic for many years. The infection typically presents in patients who live in endemic areas, sheep farmers, or those who work with sheep herding dogs. This presentation in a 26-year-old female living in Salt Lake City, Utah, is rare. This case report serves to highlight a rare presentation of an echinococcal infection in a 26-year-old female who suffered from severe upper gastrointestinal pain, persistent cough, nausea, and vomiting. Diagnostic tests revealed a 13 cm cyst located in her spleen. After confirming the diagnosis via ELISA and Western blot, the cyst tested positive for Echinococcus. Despite the potential for cyst rupture and subsequent severe anaphylactic reaction necessitating emergent care, the limited incidence of echinococcal infections within the United States rendered this case a medical enigma with an uncertain diagnosis. This case emphasizes the critical role of biostatistics in diagnosing diseases with low incidence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhan Samimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ivins, USA
| | - Ashley M Rosander
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ivins, USA
| | - Lindsay Kadell
- Department of Research, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ivins, USA
| | - Christina Wornom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University Montana College of Osteopathic Medicine, Billings, USA
| | - Benjamin D Brooks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ivins, UT, USA
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Rachel F, Luttermann C, Höper D, Conraths FJ, Dapprich J, Maksimov P. Typing of Echinococcus multilocularis by Region-Specific Extraction and Next-Generation Sequencing of the mitogenome. Front Microbiol 2025; 16:1535628. [PMID: 40092033 PMCID: PMC11906691 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1535628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Infection by the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis may lead to a severe zoonosis in humans, alveolar echinococcosis, which may be fatal if left untreated. Typing is important to understand the epidemiology of this parasite, yet there is limited knowledge on the microdiversity of E. multilocularis on the local scale, since the typing resolution of established methods is restricted. Methods The mitogenome of E. multilocularis was used as the target regions to modify, apply and validate the Region-Specific Extraction (RSE) method in combination with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and analysed bioinformatically. To validate the success and the accuracy of the RSE protocol, the mitogenomes of some E. multilocularis isolates were also analysed by the Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS). Results With the chosen combination of methods, the entire mitogenome (~13 kb) of E. multilocularis could be captured and amplified. The read depth (median ≥ 156X) was sufficient to detect existing SNPs. The comparison of mitogenome sequences extracted by RSE with mitogenome sequences obtained by WGS showed that the accuracy of the RSE method was consistently comparable to direct Whole-Genome Sequencing. Conclusion The results demonstrate that the RSE method in combination with NGS is suitable to analyse the microdiversity of E. multilocularis at the whole mitogenome level. For the capture and sequencing of large (several kb) genomic regions of E. multilocularis and other applications, this method can be very helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rachel
- National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christine Luttermann
- Laboratory for Antiviral Immunity, Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk Höper
- Laboratory for NGS-Based Pathogen Characterization and Animal Disease Diagnostics, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Franz Josef Conraths
- National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Pavlo Maksimov
- National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Greifswald, Germany
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Plum PE, Ausselet N, Kidd F, Noirhomme S, Garrino MG, Dili A, Hayette MP, Detry O, Leonard P, Motet C, Hites M, Bourgeois M, Montesinos I, Delaere B. EchiNam: multicenter retrospective study on the experience, challenges, and pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of alveolar echinococcosis in Belgium. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2025; 44:263-275. [PMID: 39585582 PMCID: PMC11754326 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04996-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 11/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this retrospective study was to collect epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, imaging, management, and follow-up data on cases of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) diagnosed and/or followed up within the Namur Hospital Network (NHN) in order to gather information on the challenges, pitfalls, and overall experience in the diagnosis and treatment of AE. METHODS EchiNam was a multicenter retrospective study. Patients diagnosed and/or treated for probable or confirmed AE in the NHN between 2002 and 2023 were included in the study. Patient selection was based on diagnosis codes, laboratory results, and albendazole (ABZ) dispensing. RESULTS A total of 22 AE cases were retrieved, of which four were classified as probable and 18 as confirmed cases. Nine patients were either asymptomatic or had symptoms attributed to another disease. Clinical examination yielded pathologic findings in 10 patients. The median duration from the first AE-suggestive laboratory abnormalities to diagnosis was 176 days, and the median duration from the first AE-related imaging abnormalities to diagnosis was 133 days. Overall, 12 patients underwent surgical resection, with only four achieving complete lesion resection. Nine patients experienced ABZ-related adverse effects, with temporary ABZ discontinuation in five. CONCLUSION Due to various factors such as a long incubation period and a lack of awareness among Belgian physicians, AE is often diagnosed at advanced disease stages. Treatment then becomes more complex or even suboptimal, resulting in prolonged therapy, higher risk of adverse effects, significantly impaired quality of life, poor prognosis, and higher mortality rates. Measures should be taken to achieve early diagnosis in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Plum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU UCL Namur (Site Godinne), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Dr Gaston Thérasse 1, Yvoir, 5530, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Ausselet
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU UCL Namur (Site Godinne), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Dr Gaston Thérasse 1, Yvoir, 5530, Belgium
| | - François Kidd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU UCL Namur (Site Namur), Université catholique de Louvain, Namur, Belgium
| | - Séverine Noirhomme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Namur (Site Namur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Maria-Grazia Garrino
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Namur (Site Namur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Dili
- HPB Surgery Unit, CHU UCL Namur (Site Godinne), Université catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège (CHU Liège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Detry
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital of Liège (CHU Liège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Leonard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Liège (CHU Liège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Motet
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maya Hites
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Bourgeois
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU UCL Namur (Site Godinne), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Dr Gaston Thérasse 1, Yvoir, 5530, Belgium
| | - Isabel Montesinos
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, CHU UCL Namur (Site Godinne), Université catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Delaere
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU UCL Namur (Site Godinne), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Dr Gaston Thérasse 1, Yvoir, 5530, Belgium
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Thakker C, Warrell C, Barrett J, Booth HL, Chiodini PL, Defres S, Falconer J, Jacobs N, Jones J, Lambert J, Leong C, McBride A, Moore E, Moshiri T, Nabarro LE, O'Hara G, Stone N, van Halsema C, Checkley AM. UK guidelines for the investigation and management of eosinophilia in returning travellers and migrants. J Infect 2025; 90:106328. [PMID: 39537036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophilia is a common finding in returning travellers, migrants and other travelling groups. In this setting, it often indicates an underlying helminth infection. Infections associated with eosinophilia are frequently either asymptomatic or associated with non-specific symptoms but some can cause severe disease. Here the British Infection Association guidelines group has comprehensively reviewed and updated the UK recommendations for the investigation and management of eosinophilia in returning travellers, migrants and other relevant groups, first published in 2010.1 Literature reviews have been undertaken to update the evidence on the prevalence and causes of eosinophilia in these groups and on the treatment of relevant pathogens and clinical conditions. Diagnostic tests available to UK-based clinicians are summarised. Changes made to the guidelines include updates in the sections on the investigation and empirical treatment of asymptomatic eosinophilia and on the treatment of trichuriasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, hookworm, fascioliasis and taeniasis. Pathogens which are rarely encountered in UK practice have been removed from the guidelines and others added, including an expanded section on fungal infection. A section on off-license and rarely used drugs has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Thakker
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK; University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Clare Warrell
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK; Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, UKHSA, Porton Down, SP4 0JG, UK; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jessica Barrett
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Southmead Road, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Helen L Booth
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Peter L Chiodini
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sylviane Defres
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK; Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mount Vernon Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK; Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Jane Falconer
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Nathan Jacobs
- Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, M8 5RB, UK
| | - Jayne Jones
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Jonathan Lambert
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley St, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Clare Leong
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Angela McBride
- Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK; University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Elinor Moore
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tara Moshiri
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Laura E Nabarro
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | | | - Neil Stone
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Clare van Halsema
- Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, M8 5RB, UK
| | - Anna M Checkley
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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Dąbrowska J, Groblewska M, Bendykowska M, Sikorski M, Gromadzka G. Effective Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Where, When, How, and What Should We Look For? Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:2148. [PMID: 39410552 PMCID: PMC11475984 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14192148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) are one of the most common causes of disease in the world. Clinical diagnosis of most parasitic diseases is difficult because they do not produce characteristic symptoms. (2) Methods: The PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library medical databases were reviewed using the following phrases: "parasitic infections and diagnostics", "intestinal parasites", "gastrointestinal parasites", "parasitic infections and diagnostics", and their combinations. (3) Results and Conclusions: Correct diagnosis of GIP involves determining the presence of a parasite and establishing a relationship between parasite invasion and disease symptoms. The diagnostic process should consider the possibility of the coexistence of infection with several parasites at the same time. In such a situation, diagnostics should be planned with consideration of their frequency in each population and the local epidemiological situation. The importance of the proper interpretation of laboratory test results, based on good knowledge of the biology of the parasite, should be emphasized. The presence of the parasite may not be causally related to the disease symptoms. Due to wide access to laboratories, patients often decide to perform tests themselves without clinical justification. Research is carried out using various methods which are often unreliable. This review briefly covers current laboratory methods for diagnosing the most common gastrointestinal parasitic diseases in Europe. In particular, we provide useful information on the following aspects: (i) what to look for and where to look for it (suitability of feces, blood, duodenal contents, material taken from endoscopy or biopsy, tissue samples, and locations for searching for eggs, cysts, parasites, parasite genetic material, and characteristics of immune responses indicating parasitic infections); (ii) when material should be collected for diagnosis and/or to check the effectiveness of treatment; (iii) how-that is, by what methods-laboratory diagnostics should be carried out. Here, the advantages and disadvantages of direct and indirect methods of detecting parasites will be discussed. False-positive or false-negative results are a problem facing many tests. Available tests have different sensitivities and specificities. Therefore, especially in doubtful situations, tests for the presence of the pathogen should be performed using various available methods. It is important that the methods used make it possible to distinguish an active infection from a past infection. Finally, we present laboratory "case reports", in which we will discuss the diagnostic procedure that allows for the successful identification of parasites. Additionally, we briefly present the possibilities of using artificial intelligence to improve the effectiveness of diagnosing parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dąbrowska
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Groblewska
- Student Scientific Association, Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Bendykowska
- Immunis Student Scientific Association, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, ul. Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Sikorski
- Immunis Student Scientific Association, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, ul. Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Gromadzka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, ul. Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
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Feiz-Haddad MH, Moradkhani MA. Molecular phylodiagnosis of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus among canids in Guilan province, northern Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 111:102210. [PMID: 38936204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Canine-transmitted worms and an uncontrolled deworming program of stray dogs have caused that accurate diagnosis of zoonotic parasites received notable attention in endemic regions. This study aimed to assess the presence of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus infections in canids from Guilan province, northern Iran. A total of 272 fecal samples from carnivores were collected across 24 different regions in Guilan province between 2023 and 2024. All fecal specimens were observed following concentration and flotation techniques. DNAs of taeniid eggs were extracted, amplified, and sequenced targeting of specific mitochondrial Cox1 gene for E. granulosus and NAD 1 gene for E. multilocularis. On the base of molecular and phylogenetic analysis 1.47 % (in jackal) and 25 % (in dogs and jackal) of samples were positive for E. multilocularis and E. granulosus sensu strico G1 genotype, respectively. Molecular technique was found to be more sensitive in detecting infection in comparison with conventional techniques. Sequence analysis of Cox1 indicated a high genetic diversity (Haplotype diversity; 0.933; Number of haplotypes, h: 7) in E. granulosus G1. Current findings show that canids particularly jackals play potential role of definitive host in maintenance and transmission dynamic of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus in northern Iran. The presence of these infections is of particular concern in Guilan province due to the high influx of tourists, increasing the risk of transmission to humans. Therefore, the implementation of preventive programs is warranted to apply hygienic practices and adjusting deworming programs for the canids and at-risk individuals in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Feiz-Haddad
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Moradkhani
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Sendekie B, Gebeyehu B, Mihret A, Kassa T, Kebede N. Epidemiological study on bovine cystic echinococcosis: Abattoir survey, cyst characterization and its economic impact at Mekaneyesuse municipality abattoir, Northwest Ethiopia. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2024; 25:e00355. [PMID: 38800636 PMCID: PMC11127200 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a major medical and veterinary concern in the world. It is one of the significant diseases in livestock farming communities managed under extensive grazing system like Ethiopia. Domestic intermediate hosts are an important reservoir for the disease spread. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the occurrence and economic losses associated with CE in cattle slaughtered at Mekaneyesuse Municipality abattoir, South Gondor zone of Amhara Region, North West Ethiopia. Ante-mortem inspection, postmortem examinations of organs, hydatid cyst characterization and financial loss estimations were conducted. The study was conducted on 384 cattle. The involvement of different organs was as follows: lungs (46.09%), liver (45.22%), heart (6.09%), and kidneys (2.6%). Out of the total of 115 cysts observed, small cysts constituted 57.39%, medium-sized were 34.78%, and large cysts accounted for 7.83%. Of these 115 cysts, 53.9% were fertile which included both viable (29%) and non-viable (71%) cysts. Furthermore, 46.1% cysts were non fertile, 62.3% were sterile and 37.7% were calcified. Based on the origin of animal, the prevalence of hydatid cysts was recorded to be 31.25%, 24%, 22.05% and 14.25% in Tachgayent, Semada, Andabet and Estie district, respectively. Higher cyst occurrence was observed in animals with poor body condition (51.56%) followed by medium (13.7%) and good body condition scores (8.25%). The total annual economic loss due to the direct condemnation of organs and indirect losses were estimated to be 851,252.68 ETB ($16,061.06). This study revealed that CE is economically important disease at Mekaneyesuse, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia. A more comprehensive investigation is required on prevalence and genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus s.l. cysts is important also to identify and estimate the relative contribution of each species or genotype to the disease in this area. Moreover, efforts to enhance public awareness in the area should also be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Sendekie
- Amhara Livestock Resource Development, South Gondar Zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Beyenech Gebeyehu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Mihret
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfu Kassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O.Box 1176, Ethiopia
| | - Nigatu Kebede
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O.Box 1176, Ethiopia
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Romig T, Wassermann M. Echinococcus species in wildlife. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 23:100913. [PMID: 38405672 PMCID: PMC10884515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Transmission of Echinococcus spp. in life cycles that involve mainly wildlife is well recognized for those species with small mammals as intermediate hosts (e. g. E. multilocularis), as well as for E. felidis and the 'northern' genotypes of E. canadensis (G8 and G10). In contrast, the remaining taxa of E. granulosus sensu lato are best known for their domestic life cycles, and the numerous wild mammal species (mainly ungulates) that have been recorded with cystic echinococcosis in the past were mainly considered a result of spill-over from the dog-livestock transmission system. This view was challenged with the advent of molecular characterization, allowing discrimination of the metacestodes, although the contribution of wild mammals to various Echinococcus life cycles has remained uncertain for scarcity of wildlife studies. Numerous records of cysts in wild ungulates date back to the 20th century, but cannot with certainty be allocated to the Echinococcus species and genotypes that are recognized today. This means that our current knowledge is largely restricted to studies of the past two decades that kept adding gradually to our concepts of transmission in various geographic regions. In particular, new insights were gathered in the past years on E. granulosus s.l. in wildlife of sub-Saharan Africa, but also on transmission patterns of E. multilocularis in previously neglected regions, e. g. North America. Here, an update is provided on the current state of knowledge on wild mammals as hosts for all Echinococcus species, listing >150 species of wild hosts with references, as well as estimates on their epidemiological impact and our current gaps of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Romig
- University of Hohenheim, Parasitology Unit, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Hohenheim, Center for Biodiversity and Integrative Taxonomy, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marion Wassermann
- University of Hohenheim, Parasitology Unit, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Hohenheim, Center for Biodiversity and Integrative Taxonomy, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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Silvarrey C, Alvite G, Esteves A. Nanoparticle formulation for the development of a dog nanovaccine against Cystic Echinococcosis. Biologicals 2024; 85:101737. [PMID: 38101003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Echinococcosis is a cosmopolitan zoonosis closely linked to poverty and ignorance. It affects both cattle and humans, causing significant losses to both human and animal health. To date, there is no effective way to combat this. Our proposal focused on the formulation of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and Eudragit-RSPO polymeric nanoparticles, which are suitable to encapsulate an antigen for oral administration in dogs. This antigen, named EgFABP1, belonging to the family of fatty acid-binding proteins, was isolated from the larval form of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. Several reports point to proteins from this family from parasitic flatworms as candidates for a successful vaccine, considering the restricted lipid metabolism of these organisms. The encapsulation of the antigen yielded an efficiency higher than 50 %, and the nanoparticles showed the expected size range. In addition, antigen integrity was conserved and the formulation was resistant to artificial gastric and intestinal fluid effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Silvarrey
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Gabriela Alvite
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Adriana Esteves
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Hogea MO, Ciomaga BF, Muntean MM, Muntean AA, Popa MI, Popa GL. Cystic Echinococcosis in the Early 2020s: A Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:36. [PMID: 38393125 PMCID: PMC10891927 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by metacestodes, the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined CE as a neglected disease, it is the second most important foodborne parasitic disease, and it remains an important public health issue, considering its zonal endemicity and potential morbidity. The control and prevention of CE is a relevant WHO target, especially from a One Health perspective, as the disease affects not only animals and humans but also the food chain. Since not all countries have a CE surveillance strategy or reporting system and specific management guidelines, recent epidemiological data are relatively scarce, and research concerning the specific geographical distribution of the disease is ongoing. To add new information to the subject, we have analyzed and collected data from national guidelines and several medical databases. Out of the 751 research articles that were originally identified, only 52 were included in the investigation after applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Notable international projects that have provided significant contributions and had a positive impact are presented. The available data were correlated with WHO recommendations on the subject, thus showcasing the measures taken and those that are still needed to properly control the disease's spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai-Octav Hogea
- Department of Microbiology II, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-O.H.); (B.-F.C.); (M.-M.M.); (A.-A.M.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Bogdan-Florin Ciomaga
- Department of Microbiology II, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-O.H.); (B.-F.C.); (M.-M.M.); (A.-A.M.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Mădălina-Maria Muntean
- Department of Microbiology II, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-O.H.); (B.-F.C.); (M.-M.M.); (A.-A.M.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Andrei-Alexandru Muntean
- Department of Microbiology II, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-O.H.); (B.-F.C.); (M.-M.M.); (A.-A.M.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Ioan Popa
- Department of Microbiology II, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-O.H.); (B.-F.C.); (M.-M.M.); (A.-A.M.); (M.I.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Loredana Popa
- Parasitic Disease Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Santucciu C, Bonelli P, Peruzzu A, Fancellu A, Farà A, Mastrandrea S, Drocchi G, Cossu A, Profili S, Porcu A, Masala G. Genetic Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto Isolated from Human Cysts from Sardinia, Italy. Diseases 2023; 11:91. [PMID: 37489443 PMCID: PMC10366878 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study involved 20 patients affected by cystic echinococcosis (CE) who were referred to different hospitals of Sardinia (Italy) from 2017 to 2022. By means of a multidisciplinary approach, diagnosis was confirmed for CE in 18 patients and for different aetiologies in two subjects. Moreover, serology was positive for 15 subjects. Since multiple CE cysts were found in five patients, a total of 27 lesions were collected; however, only one for each patient was investigated for genetic characterization of E. granulosus s.s. DNA isolates. Our results included 15 fertile cysts that underwent DNA extraction and amplification by three different PCRs targeting nuclear (calreticulin) and mitochondrial genes (cox1 and nad5). DNA was sequenced, and by neighbour-joining phylogenetic trees we determined 10 G1 and five G3 genotypes previously reported in Sardinia. These sequences were used to construct a network, along with those circulating in Mediterranean areas. The haplotype network calculated on cox1 evidenced seven different haplotypes of the 15 isolates, with SAR2 the most represented, carried by seven cysts, and SAR17 never described in the Mediterranean area. Meanwhile, the nad5 sequences showed the most common haplotype as nd5SAR7, as well as two new haplotypes not previously described, nd5SAR13, isolated from a Sardinian patient, and nd5SAR14, isolated from a Romanian patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Santucciu
- WOAH and NRL for Echinococcosis, Animal Health, IZS della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Piero Bonelli
- WOAH and NRL for Echinococcosis, Animal Health, IZS della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Angela Peruzzu
- WOAH and NRL for Echinococcosis, Animal Health, IZS della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fancellu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Farà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Scilla Mastrandrea
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Malattie Infettive, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Drocchi
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Cossu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Profili
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Radiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Porcu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- WOAH and NRL for Echinococcosis, Animal Health, IZS della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Muqaddas H, Mehmood N, Saarma U, Usman A, Ahmed F, Varcasia A, Sini MF, Ullah MI. First report of Echinococcus ortleppi and E. canadensis (genotype G6) from southern Punjab, Pakistan and a global overview on genetic structure and host adaptation of E. ortleppi. Acta Trop 2023:106951. [PMID: 37220843 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, is a neglected tropical disease known mainly for its zoonotic nature. CE is endemic to Pakistan, however, the disease is not given due consideration and millions of people remain at health risk. This study was undertaken to assess the species and genotypes of E. granulosus sensu lato in sheep, buffaloes and cattle, brought to slaughterhouses of two major cities (Multan and Bahawalpur) of south Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 26 hydatid cyst specimens were characterized through complete cox1 mitochondrial gene (1609 bp) sequencing. Species and genotypes of E. granulosus sensu lato discovered in the southern Punjab consisted of E. granulosus sensu stricto (n =21), E. ortleppi (n=4) and E. canadensis G6 genotype (n=1). Of E. granulosus s.s. isolates, the genotype G3 was predominantly involved in causing infections to the livestock of this region. Since all of these species are zoonotic, wide and effective surveillance studies are required to ascertain the risks to human population in Pakistan. Additionally, a global overview on cox1 phylogenetic structure of E. ortleppi was carried out. Despite the widespread occurrence, the species is mostly limited to the southern hemisphere. The highest burden has been reported in the South America (62.15%) and Africa (28.44%) and by far the most common host is cattle, accounting for >90% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Muqaddas
- Department of Zoology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Naunain Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ammarah Usman
- Department of Zoology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Crotti S, Brustenga L, Cruciani D, Bonelli P, D'Avino N, Felici A, Morandi B, Sebastiani C, Spina S, Gobbi M. Molecular Screening of Echinococcus spp. and Other Cestodes in Wild Carnivores from Central Italy. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050318. [PMID: 37235401 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tapeworm infections are among the most relevant parasitic diseases in humans and animals. Tapeworms from the Genus Echinococcus are particularly important as they can cause cystic or alveolar echinococcosis. A molecular screening was performed on 279 fecal samples collected from carcasses of wild carnivores from Central Italy using PCR targeting diagnostic fragments of nad1, rrnS, and nad5 genes. Samples positive for either Taenia spp. or Echinococcus granulosus were sequenced to taxonomically identify the parasitic DNA. Of the 279 samples, 134 (48.0%) gave positive results in the multiplex PCR. Only one (0.4%) sample from an Apennine wolf tested positive for Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (genotype G3), whereas no sample tested positive for E. multilocularis. The most frequently detected tapeworms were: Mesocestoides corti (syn M. vogae) (12.9%), M. litteratus (10.8%), Taenia serialis (9.3%), and T. hydatigena (6.5%), other tapeworms were rarely detected. The results suggest that Echinococcus infections in Central Italy do not seem to be sustained by sylvatic cycles, confirming the absence of E. multilocularis in Central Italy. The survey corroborates, yet again, the importance of passive surveillance of wild animals that can serve as reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens, especially on wild canids that in other areas are strongly implicated in the transmission of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Crotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati" (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Brustenga
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 6, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Deborah Cruciani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati" (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Piero Bonelli
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna "G. Pegreffi", Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Centro Nazionale di Referenza per l'Echinococcosi/Idatidosi (Ce.NRE), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna "G. Pegreffi", Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta D'Avino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati" (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Felici
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati" (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetto Morandi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati" (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Sebastiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati" (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Spina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati" (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati" (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Safarpour AR, Omidian M, Pouryousef A, Fattahi MR, Sarkari B. Serosurvey of Cystic Echinococcosis and Related Risk Factors for Infection in Fars Province, Southern Iran: A Population-Based Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3709694. [PMID: 36105940 PMCID: PMC9467706 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3709694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a common zoonotic infection in all provinces of Iran, especially in areas where people live on agriculture and animal husbandry. The current cross-sectional population-based study is aimed at determining the seroprevalence of CE in Kavar County, Fars province, southern Iran. Blood samples were collected from 1500 individuals (749 males and 751 females). Anti-hydatid cyst antibodies were detected, using a recombinant B8/1 antigen of Echinococcus graunlosus in an ELISA system. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find out the independent risk factor for CE seropositivity. Anti-hydatid cyst antibodies were detected in the sera of 131 out of 1500 participants, corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 8.73%. With a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), the seroprevalence of hydatid cyst in males and females was 5% and 7%, respectively. Differences in the seropositivity of hydatid cysts were also statistically significant by occupation (p < 0.05). The seroprevalence of hydatid cyst was significantly higher in the age group of 35-45 years than in other age groups (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that only age was associated with seropositivity to CE (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.33-3.72). Moreover, there was a statistically significant association between seropositivity to hydatid cysts and underlying diseases such as hypertension (p = 0.049) and fatty liver (p = 0.048). The findings of this study indicate that the seroprevalence rate of CE is relatively high in the Fars province, southern Iran, and this high rate of infection is mainly linked to people's jobs and lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Omidian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Pouryousef
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahador Sarkari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Shams M, Khazaei S, Naserifar R, Shariatzadeh SA, Anvari D, Montazeri F, Pirestani M, Majidiani H. Global distribution of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in domestic and wild canids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitology 2022; 149:1147-1159. [PMID: 35591776 PMCID: PMC11010506 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The current systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate the genotypic distribution of canine echinococcosis worldwide. Studies published from the inception until 21 May 2021 were screened, relevant articles were selected and the random-effect model was used to draw forest plots with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Totally, 44 articles were included, mostly examined dogs (37 records), followed by wolf (8 records), jackal (7 records), fox (3 records), pump fox (3 records) and coyote (1 record). Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1–G3) and G6/7 cluster of Echinococcus canadensis were the most common genotypes among canids. Most studies were conducted in Asia and Europe with 17 and 15 datasets, respectively. Exclusively, Iran possessed the highest number of studies (10 records). Meta-analysis showed that the pooled molecular prevalence of echinococcosis was 33.82% (95% CI 24.50–43.83%). Also, the highest and lowest prevalence of canine echinococcosis was calculated for South America (66.03%; 95% CI 25.67–95.85%) and Europe (19.01%; 95% CI 9.95–30.16%). Additionally, there were statistically significant differences between the global prevalence of echinococcosis in canines and publication year, continent, country, sample type, host and molecular test. These findings will elevate our knowledge on the poorly known canine echinococcosis worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Shams
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sasan Khazaei
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razi Naserifar
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Anvari
- School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Fattaneh Montazeri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Pirestani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Majidiani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Križman M, Švara T, Šoba B, Rataj AV. Alveolar echinococcosis in nutria (Myocastor coypus), invasive species in Slovenia. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 18:221-224. [PMID: 35783071 PMCID: PMC9241068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present report describes a case of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in nutria (Myocastor coypus) culled in the central area of Slovenia. Post-mortem exam showed multiple cystic lesions in the liver. Gross examination, as well as parasitological and histopathological examinations, revealed numerous cysts of various sizes, filled with yellow clear fluid and displacing most of the liver parenchyma. The cyst lumina contained numerous protoscolices approximately 100 μm in diameter and calcareous corpuscles. The protoscolices had two visible suckers and a rostellum with birefringent hooks. The lesions were consistent with an E. multilocularis cyst. Molecular analysis confirmed that the nutria was infected with E. multilocularis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of echinococcosis in nutria in Slovenia that presents gross, parasitological, and histological lesions and the result of molecular analysis. Nutrias in Slovenia are dangerous invaders but can also be a relevant bioindicator of the presence of the parasite in the environment.
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Molecular Study Of Hydatid Disease In Iraqi Goats By using The Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 1 Gene. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify and recognize the genotype for cystic Echinococcosis that infects goats (n=19) in Iraq. The hydatid cyst was collected from different parts of the body, i.e. lungs, liver, heart, spleen and peritoneal cavity. The current study was conducted in five different regions of Iraq (Anbar, Baghdad, Saladdin, Karkuk, Babylon during October 2018 to July 2019. The mitochondria DNA was extracted and screened for the presence of (CO1) cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene using polymer chain reactions (PCR). Amplification size was around 450bp. The amplicon was isolated and purified. The isolated CO1 amplicon was sequenced. The CO1 putative sequence was BLAST with available sequence from NCBI. The genetic tree was deduced. The genotype G1 is the most frequently spread strains and considered as a key source for infection in goats of Iraq.
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Molecular Study of Echinococcus granulosus Cestodes in Ukraine and the First Genetic Identification of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto (G1 Genotype) in the Country. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:244-254. [PMID: 34279774 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic echinococcosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease of great medical and veterinary importance, which is caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. In Ukraine, two areas of the prominent circulation of the parasite are established, the southern steppe zone with sheep as the main transmitter, and the northern forest-steppe zone and Polissia, where pigs are mainly responsible for maintaining the E. granulosus transmission. METHODS Given that only a few studies have so far addressed the genetic diversity of the parasite in Ukraine, we have sequenced partial mitochondrial genes of cytochrome c oxidase 1 (789 bp), NADH dehydrogenase 1 (602 bp) and 12S rRNA (333-334 bp) in pig metacestodes from the Sumy region (farms close to Sumy, northeastern Ukraine) and the Kyiv region (a farm in Bila Tserkva, central Ukraine). RESULTS Four isolates from four pigs in the Sumy region were identified as E. canadensis (G7 genotype), the major E. granulosus s.l. species circulating in Eastern Europe, including the three microvariants (G7A, G7B, G7C). Three isolates from the two pigs in the Kyiv region were classified as E. granulosus s.s. (G1 genotype), including one microvariant (G1A). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first genetic record of E. granulosus s.s. with the presumed highest infectivity and virulence among the E. granulosus s.l. species in Ukraine. The finding has implications for public health as local control programmes should take into consideration different development rate of this parasite in dogs and the greater risk of the species for human infection.
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Pilarczyk BM, Tomza-Marciniak AK, Pilarczyk R, Rząd I, Bąkowska MJ, Udała JM, Tylkowska A, Havryliak V. Infection of Raccoon Dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides) from Northern Poland with Gastrointestinal Parasites as a Potential Threat to Human Health. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1277. [PMID: 35268368 PMCID: PMC8910989 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determinate the prevalence and intensity of infection of raccoon dogs with internal parasites, with a particular emphasis on particular species of helminths known to be dangerous to humans. A total of 96 raccoon dogs were obtained from hunters from September 2018 to October 2021. The digestive tract was taken for examination. The parasitological examination was performed using the dissection methods. The extensity of infection with all internal parasites was 60.3%. The following parasites were found in the tested animals: Echinococcus multilocularis (in 10.42% of animals), Toxocara canis (18.75%), Alaria alata (25.0%), Taenia spp. (19.79%), Uncinaria stenocephala (27.08%), Mesocestoides spp. (54.17%) and Dipylidium caninum (6.25%). The highest mean intensity of infection was demonstrated by A. alata and E. multilocularis then by Mesocestoides spp. This study showed that the raccoon dog from northern Poland is a reservoir host of zoonotic pathogens, such as E. multilocularis, Toxocara canis and Alaria alata. Although the role of the racoon dog as a final host of the life cycle of E. multilocularis is considered of less importance than that of the red fox, this species may increase the risk of echinococcosis in humans, mainly due to its growing population in northern Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumiła M. Pilarczyk
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (B.M.P.); (M.J.B.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Agnieszka K. Tomza-Marciniak
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (B.M.P.); (M.J.B.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Renata Pilarczyk
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Izabella Rząd
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata J. Bąkowska
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (B.M.P.); (M.J.B.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Jan M. Udała
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (B.M.P.); (M.J.B.); (J.M.U.)
| | - Agnieszka Tylkowska
- Department of Animal Environment Biology, Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Viktoriia Havryliak
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine;
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Sepsis, dispnee şi masă cardiacă chistică – importanţa imagisticii în algoritmul diagnostic. ONCOLOG-HEMATOLOG.RO 2022. [DOI: 10.26416/onhe.61.4.2022.7413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ferreira H, Fews D, Grimm F, Silva G, Macaulay E. Molecularly confirmed
Echinococcus equinus
infection in a UK horse with concurrent intestinal disease. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felix Grimm
- Institute of Parasitology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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22
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Avcioglu H, Guven E, Balkaya I, Kirman R, Akyuz M, Mebarek Bia M, Gulbeyen H, Yaya S. The situation of echinococcosis in stray dogs in Turkey: the first finding of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus ortleppi. Parasitology 2021; 148:1092-1098. [PMID: 34002689 PMCID: PMC11010043 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Echinococcosis, caused by larval stage of the genus Echinococcus, is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of Echinococcus species in stray dogs of Erzurum, a highly endemic region for cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Turkey. The study samples consisted of 446 stray dog faecal specimens collected from an animal shelter in Erzurum, Turkey, between October 2015 and February 2016. The faecal samples were collected from individual dogs for the isolation of taeniid eggs using the sequential sieving and flotation method (SSFM). Molecular analyses and sequencing revealed the prevalence of Echinococcus spp. as 14.13% (63/446) in faecal samples. The stray dogs harboured five different Echinococcus spp.: E. granulosus s.s. (G1/G3) (n = 41), E. equinus (G4) (n = 3), E. ortleppi (G5) (n = 1), E. canadensis (G6/G7) (n = 3) and E. multilocularis (n = 16). E. granulosus s.s. was the most abundant species. Surprisingly, the occurrence of E. multilocularis in dogs was revealed for the first time in Turkey. E. ortleppi was also reported for the first time in Turkey. These findings highlight a significant public health risk for human AE and CE, presenting useful baseline data on Echinococcus spp. infection in dogs for designing control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Avcioglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum25240, Turkey
| | - Esin Guven
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum25240, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Balkaya
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum25240, Turkey
| | - Ridvan Kirman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum25240, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Akyuz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum25240, Turkey
| | - Mohammed Mebarek Bia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum25240, Turkey
- Department of Parasitology, Parasitology Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University, School of Medicine, Cheongju28644, Korea
| | - Hatice Gulbeyen
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum25240, Turkey
| | - Sali Yaya
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum25240, Turkey
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23
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Peters L, Burkert S, Grüner B. Parasites of the liver - epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical management in the European context. J Hepatol 2021; 75:202-218. [PMID: 33636243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parasites in the liver cause significant global morbidity and mortality, as they can lead to recurrent cholangitis, cirrhosis, liver failure and cancer. Due to climate change and globalisation, their incidence is increasing, especially in Europe. The correct diagnosis of a hepatic parasite is often delayed because clinicians are unfamiliar with respective entities. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide clinicians with a comprehensive clinical picture of hepatic parasites and to bring these neglected parasitic liver diseases to the wider attention of hepatology stakeholders in Europe and around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Peters
- University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sanne Burkert
- University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Beate Grüner
- University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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24
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Zhu M, Du X, Xu H, Yang S, Wang C, Zhu Y, Zhang T, Zhao W. Metabolic profiling of liver and faeces in mice infected with echinococcosis. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:324. [PMID: 34127037 PMCID: PMC8201681 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinococcosis is a severe zoonotic parasitic disease which severely affects the health of the hosts. The diagnosis of echinococcosis depends mainly on imaging examination. However, the patient is often in the late stage of the disease when the symptoms appear, thus limiting the early diagnosis of echinococcosis. The treatment and prognosis of the patients are hampered because of long-term asymptomatic latency. Metabolomics is a new discipline developed in the late 1990s. It reflects a series of biological responses in pathophysiological processes by demonstrating the changes in metabolism under the influence of internal and external factors. When the organism is invaded by pathogens, the alteration in the characteristics of metabolites in cells becomes extremely sensitive. Here, we used a metabolomics approach involving liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to determine the molecular mechanism of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and to develop an effective method for CE diagnosis. Methods Twenty 8-week-old female BALB/c mice were divided into normal and Echinococcus granulosus infection groups. To develop the E. granulosus infection model, mice were infected with protoscoleces. Six weeks later, the abdomens of the mice showed significant bulging. An LC–MS/MS system-based metabolomics approach was used to analyse the liver and faeces to reveal the metabolic profiles of mice with echinococcosis. Results We found that the metabolism of nucleotides, alkaloids, amino acids, amides, and organic acids in mice is closely interrelated with E. granulosus infection. In the liver, the metabolic pathways of tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; phenylalanine, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; and phenylalanine metabolism were notably associated with the occurrence and development of hydatid disease, and in the faeces, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis are thought to be closely associated with the development of CE. Conclusion The metabolomics approach used in this study provides a reference for a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic and screening method for echinococcosis. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04807-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Zhu
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Science of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiancai Du
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Science of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Songhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Science of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Science of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Science of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Science of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Prullage J, Bowman D, Ulrich M, Tielemans E. Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Echinococcus multilocularis infections in cats. Parasite 2021; 28:29. [PMID: 33812461 PMCID: PMC8019559 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats combining esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel, for the treatment of internal and external parasite infestations, including arthropods, nematodes and cestodes, was tested for efficacy against induced infections of Echinococcus multilocularis in cats, in two experimental studies. The two studies were performed in the United States with the same E. multilocularis isolate sourced locally. In each study, 20 cats were inoculated intra-gastrically with ~30,000 E. multilocularis protoscoleces three weeks before treatment, then ten cats were randomly allocated to a placebo control group or to the novel formulation treated group. Inoculated cats were treated topically once at the minimum recommended dose of the novel formulation, or with an identical volume of placebo. One week after treatment, cats were humanely euthanized for parasite recovery and count. The efficacy calculation was based on comparison of number of scoleces found in the control group and the novel formulation group. In the two control groups, E. multilocularis scoleces were found in five (range: 30-1025) and eight (range 2-345) cats, the geometric means inclusive of the ten cats per group were 8.9 and 28.8, respectively. In the two novel formulation-treated groups, none of the cats harbored any E. multilocularis scoleces, demonstrating 100% efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Prullage
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health, Missouri Research Center 6498 Jade Rd. Fulton 65251 MO USA
| | - Dwight Bowman
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca 14850 NY USA
| | - Michael Ulrich
- Cheri Hill Kennel and Supply Inc. 17190 Polk Rd. Stanwood 49346 MI USA
| | - Eric Tielemans
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
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26
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Umhang G, Demerson JM, Legras L, Boucher JM, Peytavin de Garam C, Bastid V, Vannard E, Pinot A, Giraudoux P, Boué F. Rodent control programmes can integrate Echinococcus multilocularis surveillance by facilitating parasite genotyping: the case of Arvicola terrestris voles screening in France. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1903-1908. [PMID: 33742248 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis, the most serious parasitic disease for humans in Europe. In Europe, the E. multilocularis lifecycle is based on a prey-predator relationship between the red fox and small rodents. Over the last three decades, the surveillance of E. multilocularis infection in red foxes has led to the description of a wider distribution pattern across Europe. France constitutes the current European western border, but only the north-eastern half of the country is considered endemic. The red fox is the host mainly targeted in E. multilocularis surveillance programmes, but surveys targeting small rodents may be useful for obtaining molecular data, especially when the time-consuming trapping is already carried out in dedicated pest-control programmes. Here, we screened for parasitic lesions in the livers of 1238 Arvicola terrestris voles originating from the historical, but neglected focal area located in central France (Auvergne region) and from Hautes-Alpes, a recently identified endemic department in south-eastern France. This screening identified six voles infected with E. multilocularis in Hautes-Alpes and none in Puy-de-Dôme (Auvergne region) after molecular confirmation. The absence of infected rodents from Puy-de-Dôme can be mainly explained by the generally low prevalence reported in intermediate hosts. The infected Hautes-Alpes samples come all from the same trapping site situated at around 5 km from one of the three fox faecal samples with E. multilocularis DNA collected 15 years prior, thereby confirming the existence and persistence of the E. multilocularis lifecycle in the area. All the rodent E. multilocularis samples from Hautes-Alpes showed the same EmsB microsatellite marker profile. This profile has previously been described in Europe only in the Jura department (central eastern France), located at least 180 km further north. Successive migrations of infected foxes from the historical focal area, including from Jura, to Hautes-Alpes may explain the detection of the parasite in A. terrestris in Hautes-Alpes. Existing trapping efforts in areas where farmers trap A. terrestris for surveillance and pest control can be an effective complement to sampling foxes or fox faeces to obtain E. multilocularis molecular profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Demerson
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Léo Legras
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France.,Groupe Tétras Jura, 39370, Les Bouchoux, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boucher
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Carine Peytavin de Garam
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Vanessa Bastid
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Eric Vannard
- Parc national des Écrins, Secteur du Briançonnais, 05100, Briançon, France
| | - Adrien Pinot
- Université de Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Rongeurs Sauvages Risques Sanitaires et Gestion des Populations, RS2GP, 69280, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Patrick Giraudoux
- Chrono-environment, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRS, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France
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27
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Duquenne JB, Duysinx B, Radermecker M, Nchimi A, Louis R, Guiot J. [Cystic lung diseases]. Rev Mal Respir 2021; 38:257-268. [PMID: 33707116 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cystic lung diseases present uncommonly and have an undetermined incidence. Cysts result from a broad spectrum of causative mechanisms and diseases leading to variable clinical presentations. The pathogenic mechanisms that can lead to lung cyst formation include infection, neoplastic, systemic, traumatic, genetic and congenital processes. A rigorous, systemic and multidisciplinary approach is advised in the diagnostic workup of these conditions. In this article, we review cystic lung diseases including their presentation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-B Duquenne
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgique.
| | - B Duysinx
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgique
| | - M Radermecker
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgique
| | - A Nchimi
- Service de radiologie, CH de Luxembourg ville, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - R Louis
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgique
| | - J Guiot
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgique
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28
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Raoulis V, Mitrousias V, Malahias MA, Stofas A, Fyllos A, Malizos KN. Primary Paraspinal Hydatid Cyst in a Patient Presenting with Low Back Pain: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2021; 11:e20.00581. [PMID: 33577189 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.20.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CASE A 54-year-old man presented with low back pain and low-grade fever. Palpation revealed a focal mass of the lumbar region. Radiographs were normal, but magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a multicystic mass at the level of L2-L4. The initial diagnosis of a hydatid cyst was confirmed after surgical excision. CONCLUSION Although primary paraspinal hydatidosis is rare, physicians should be aware of it when dealing with patients suffering from low back pain combined with red-flag symptoms. Especially in rural regions or areas where populations live in close proximity to host animals, primary paraspinal hydatidosis should be included in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Raoulis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Mitrousias
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Anastasios Stofas
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Fyllos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
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29
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Macchioni F, Coppola F, Furzi F, Gabrielli S, Baldanti S, Boni CB, Felicioli A. Taeniid cestodes in a wolf pack living in a highly anthropic hilly agro-ecosystem. Parasite 2021; 28:10. [PMID: 33544075 PMCID: PMC7863970 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Italian wolf population in human-modified landscapes has increased greatly in the last few decades. Anthropisation increases the risk of transmission of many zoonotic infections and in this context, control of taeniid cestode species needs to be addressed from a One Health perspective. Predator-prey interactions are at the root of taeniid cestode transmission, and the wolf plays a key role in the maintenance and transmission of taeniids. To date, all available data on the taeniids of wolves in Italy refer to populations living in a wild habitat. Between 2018 and 2019, we investigated taeniids in a wolf pack living in a highly anthropic hilly agro-ecosystem. Thirty-eight faecal samples were collected and analysed, 4 of which were also genetically characterised for individual wolves and belonged to three different animals. Samples collected were analysed microscopically and by molecular analysis in order to identify the taeniid species. Taeniid eggs were detected in 34.2% (13/38) of samples. Within samples positive to taeniid eggs only Echinococcus granulosus s.s. and Taenia hydatigena were identified in 26.3% and 10.5% of the samples, respectively. On microscopic examination, Capillaria spp., Ancylostomatidae and Toxocara canis eggs, Crenosoma vulpis larvae, and coccidian oocysts were also found. The combination of low biodiversity of taeniid species with a high occurrence of E. granulosus s.s. recorded in this study could be the consequence of a deeper link occurring between wolves and livestock in human-modified landscapes than in wild settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Macchioni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Federica Furzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Simona Gabrielli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Samuele Baldanti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetta Boni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Antonio Felicioli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
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30
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A case of human cystic echinococcosis acquired in Ireland. Parasitol Int 2020; 81:102249. [PMID: 33238216 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the cestodes of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato complex and, in the majority of cases, is associated with hepatic or pulmonary involvement. Human CE is not thought to be endemic in Ireland. We describe the first reported case of human CE possibly acquired in Ireland.
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31
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Balog T, Nagy G, Halász T, Csányi E, Zomborszky Z, Csivincsik Á. The occurrence of Echinococcus spp. in golden jackal (Canis aureus) in southwestern Hungary: Should we need to rethink its expansion? Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102214. [PMID: 33137507 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis and cystic echinococcosis are severe zoonotic diseases caused by Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus s.l. in Europe. To present knowledge, in the European continent, the most important definitive hosts of these parasites belong to the Canidae family. The golden jackal as an opportunistic mesopredator frequently preys on rodents including arvicolids and other easily available food resources, such as viscera and other carrion. By these reasons, the golden jackal can promote the maintenance of both Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus s.l. Our investigation was conducted in the southwestern part of Hungary where one of the densest golden jackal populations exists. We examined altogether 173 golden jackal small intestines to determine the presence of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus s.l. After the molecular diagnostic procedure, we found 27 Echinococcus multilocularis-positive (prevalence: 15.6%; mean intensity: 664 worms) and three Echinococcus granulosus s.l. infected hosts (prevalence: 1.7%; mean intensity: 554.3 worms). We suggest the invasion of the golden jackal in Europe can enhance the spread of both Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus s.l. This novel epidemiological situation can influence the geographical distribution of these helminths and the characteristics of their endemic in different host species, as well as in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Balog
- SEFAG Forest Management and Wood Industry Share Co., Department of Game Management, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- Kaposvár University, Department of Physiology and Animal Hygiene, Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Halász
- SEFAG Forest Management and Wood Industry Share Co., Department of Game Management, Kaposvár, Hungary; Kaposvár University, Department of Physiology and Animal Hygiene, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Erika Csányi
- 'Fauna' South Transdanubian Hunting Party, Nagybajom, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Zomborszky
- Kaposvár University, Department of Physiology and Animal Hygiene, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Csivincsik
- Kaposvár University, Department of Physiology and Animal Hygiene, Kaposvár, Hungary
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32
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Hombo H, Oyarzo M, Álvarez C, Cuadros N, Hernández F, Ward MP, Acosta-Jamett G. Spatial epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis in livestock from a hyper-endemic region in southern Chile. Vet Parasitol 2020; 287:109258. [PMID: 33075729 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic zoonosis, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. This disease has a worldwide distribution and is considered an important zoonosis in Chile, especially in regions where raising livestock dominates. We aimed to describe the spatial distribution and risk factors for CE in cattle and sheep slaughtered in the Aysén Region, Chile between 2015 and 2016, to inform disease control in this hyper-endemic region. Clustering and hotspot analyses of CE at the farm-level were performed (Moran's global index, local indicator of spatial autocorrelation (LISA), and the scan statistic Poisson model), and we used spatial interpolation to display areas with a higher risk of CE. Mixed effects logistic regression models were fit to assess the association between municipality of origin and age of animals and CE detected at slaughter, with the farm of origin included as a random effect. Overall, data from 1532 cattle farms (1078 geocoded) and 30,805 cattle were analyzed, with a 64 % and 39 % CE prevalence at the farm and animal-level, respectively. For sheep farms, data from 381 (296 geocoded) farms and 58,223 sheep were analyzed, with a 71 % and 18 % CE prevalence at the farm and animal-level, respectively. Globally, the CE prevalence in both cattle and sheep farms was not clustered. However, we found 14 cattle and 23 sheep farms with high prevalence that were locally clustered. We also detected 6 and 11 clusters in cattle and sheep farms, respectively. Risk of reported CE varied according to municipalities of origin, and the age of animals. This study confirms that the Aysén region is a hyper-endemic region for CE. It demonstrates the usefulness of the traceability of animals slaughtered for understanding the epidemiology of CE. The results suggest that in this hyper-endemic region in which there are limited financial resources available, that intervention activities - at the beginning of a control program - should be focused on farms with high prevalence and identified disease clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton Hombo
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Miguel Oyarzo
- Unidad de Zoonosis, Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Salud, Región de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Claudia Álvarez
- Unidad de Zoonosis, Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Salud, Región de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Natalia Cuadros
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Felipe Hernández
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Michael P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Private Mailbag 4003, Narellan, NSW, 2567, Australia
| | - Gerardo Acosta-Jamett
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Programa de investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Varcasia A, Dessì G, Lattanzio S, Marongiu D, Cuccuru C, Carta S, Meloni MP, Tamponi C, Scala A. Cystic echinococcosis in the endemic island of Sardinia (Italy): has something changed? Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2207-2215. [PMID: 32447517 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a disease of livestock and humans caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) species complex and occurs especially in areas where sheep breeding is widespread. This survey evaluates, after more than a decade since the last epidemiological survey, the current situation and trend of CE in sheep of the highly endemic island of Sardinia (Italy). From 2012 to 2018, out of a total of 1416 sheep, 65.3% were found positive for CE. Cyst fertility has increased slightly from 10.3% in 2006 (Scala et al. 2006) to 11.7% in the present survey (χ2 = 1.07; P = 0.30018) with a peak of 14.0% in the province of Sassari. Overall, 6815 hydatids were found and classified as sterile (26.2%), fertile (14.4%), caseous (5.3%), or calcified (54.1%) based on their morphology. All isolates were identified as E. granulosus sensu stricto (former G1/G3, strains). Results shown as the implementation of new European Council Regulations and in particular of 21/2004 that established a system for the individual identification and tracking of sheep could be a step forward towards a better control of animal movement, preventing illegal slaughtering on the island as well as in other countries experiencing similar problems. Even if at first sight the general situation of Sardinia regarding CE seems a little better compared with the past, our findings indicate that in some Provinces the epidemiological situation is not improved since 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Varcasia
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Dessì
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Lattanzio
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Cuccuru
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Carta
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Meloni
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Tamponi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scala
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Zhuoli Z, Yu Z, Liya X, Mingzhong L, Shengwei L. Case Report: Laparoscopic Excision of a Primary Giant Splenic Hydatid Cyst: Literature Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:821-827. [PMID: 31407654 PMCID: PMC6779180 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), also known as hydatid cyst, is a zoonosis caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It is a common health problem in many countries. This condition predominantly affects the liver and the lungs, and the spleen to a less extent (splenic hydatid cyst, SHD). Indeed, it is estimated that SHD occurs in less than 2% of abdominal CE and 0.5-8% of CE cases. Here, we present a case of a 44-year-old Chinese woman with primary giant SHD who experienced pain in the left hypochondrium for 10 days. A combination of abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) were used for preoperative diagnosis. Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed without any complications, and albendazole (400 mg per day) was administered postoperatively for 3 months. At 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up, the patient remained symptoms free, and abdominal CT found no signs of recurrence. In addition to this case, we review the previous literature on SHD treated by laparoscopy and reveal that laparoscopic approach is safe and effective for SHD. Particularly, we show that laparoscopic splenectomy is feasible for giant cysts (> 10 cm) at high risk of rupture or compressing other vital structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhuoli
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xu Liya
- Department of Pathology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liu Mingzhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Shengwei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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National survey and molecular diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in livestock in France, 2012. Parasitology 2020; 147:667-672. [PMID: 32046794 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic species of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (sl) complex are the causative agents of cystic echinococcosis in humans. The lifecycle of E. granulosus sl is essentially domestic, and is based on the consumption by dogs of hydatid cysts in viscera of livestock species. The aim of this study was to survey E. granulosus sensu lato in livestock in France. A 1-year national survey of E. granulosus sl in livestock at the slaughterhouse was organized in 2012 in France, with systematic molecular confirmation. The prevalence of E. granulosus ss nationally was 0.002% in sheep, mainly focused in the Alpine area, and 0.001% in cattle, with the distribution of cases throughout the country. Echinococcus canadensis G6/7 was observed only in Corsica in pigs, with a prevalence of nearly 1% in the island. A national prevalence of 0.0002% was estimated for E. ortleppi in cattle, due to seven cases distributed in two foci. The results of this survey are of particular interest because of the zoonotic risk associated with the presence of these parasite species, for which systematic control at the slaughterhouse should enable their elimination.
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Welearegay TG, Diouani MF, Österlund L, Borys S, Khaled S, Smadhi H, Ionescu F, Bouchekoua M, Aloui D, Laouini D, Cindemir U, Ionescu R. Diagnosis of Human Echinococcosis via Exhaled Breath Analysis: A Promise for Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases Caused by Helminths. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:101-109. [PMID: 30016445 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human echinococcosis is a neglected infectious disease affecting more than 1 million people globally. Its diagnosis is expensive and difficult because of lack of adequate resources in low-resource locations, where most cases occur. Methods A group of volunteers diagnosed with the 2 main types of echinococcosis and corresponding control groups were recruited from hospitals in Tunisia (32 patients with cystic echinococcosis and 43 controls) and Poland (16 patients with alveolar echinococcosis and 8 controls). Breath samples were collected from all patients and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and a specifically developed electronic nose system. Results The chemical analysis revealed statistically different concentrations of 2 compounds in the breath of patients with cystic echinococcosis compared to controls, and statistically different concentrations of 7 compounds in the breath of patients with alveolar echinococcosis compared to controls. The discrimination accuracy achieved by the electronic nose system was 100% for cystic echinococcosis and 92.9% for alveolar echinococcosis, while the discrimination accuracy between these 2 patient groups was 92.1%. Conclusion Here we advocate a noninvasive, fast, easy-to-operate and nonexpensive diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of human echinococcosis disease through exhaled breath analysis, suitable for early diagnosis and population screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Fethi Diouani
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Lars Österlund
- Molecular Fingerprint AB Sweden, Uppsala.,Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Borys
- University Centre of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Gdynia-Redlowo, Poland
| | - Samira Khaled
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis
| | - Hanen Smadhi
- Ibn Nafis Pneumology Department, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Ariana
| | - Florina Ionescu
- Department of Electronics, Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Dorsaf Aloui
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis
| | - Dhafer Laouini
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections
| | - Umut Cindemir
- Molecular Fingerprint AB Sweden, Uppsala.,Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Radu Ionescu
- Department of Electronics, Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain.,Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.,Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry "Petru Poni", Iasi, Romania
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Kesik HK, Kilinc SG, Simsek S, Gul A. Occurrence of Liver Hydatid Cysts in a Donkey and Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus equinus. J Parasitol 2019. [DOI: 10.1645/19-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harun Kaya Kesik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Gul
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
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Lin C, Chen Z, Zhang L, Wei Z, Cheng KK, Liu Y, Shen G, Fan H, Dong J. Deciphering the metabolic perturbation in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: a 1H NMR-based metabolomics study. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:300. [PMID: 31196218 PMCID: PMC6567409 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) is caused by the growth of Echinococcus multilocularis larvae in the liver. It is a chronic and potentially lethal parasitic disease. Early stage diagnosis for this disease is currently not available due to its long asymptomatic incubation period. In this study, a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics approach was applied in conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis to investigate the altered metabolic profiles in blood serum and urine samples obtained from HAE patients. The aim of the study was to identify the metabolic signatures associated with HAE. RESULTS A total of 21 distinct metabolic differences between HAE patients and healthy individuals were identified, and they are associated with perturbations in amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Furthermore, the present results showed that the Fischer ratio, which is the molar ratio of branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids, was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the blood serum obtained from the HAE patients than it was in the healthy patient group. CONCLUSIONS The altered Fischer ratio, together with perturbations in metabolic pathways identified in the present study, may provide new insights into the mechanistic understanding of HAE pathogenesis and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigui Lin
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001 China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, 810001 China
| | - Zhiliang Wei
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA 21205 USA
| | - Kian-Kai Cheng
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 84600 Muar, Johor Malaysia
| | - Yueyue Liu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Guiping Shen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Haining Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001 China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, 810001 China
| | - Jiyang Dong
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
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Schurer JM, Nishimwe A, Hakizimana D, Li H, Huang Y, Musabyimana JP, Tuyishime E, MacDonald LE. A One Health systematic review of diagnostic tools for Echinococcus multilocularis surveillance: Towards equity in global detection. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2019; 15:e00048. [PMID: 32095619 PMCID: PMC7034026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2019.e00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcus multilocularis is a zoonotic cestode of canid definitive hosts that is emerging as a parasite of medical and veterinary concern in regions of North America, Europe and Asia. Infection with the metacestode stage (alveolar echinococcosis - AE) is life-threatening, especially for patients who reside in low resource countries and lack access to modern diagnostic tests and treatments. The overall objectives of this One Health review were to systematically describe the diagnostic tests currently employed in endemic countries to detect E. multilocularis in people, canids and the environment, and to report the test characteristics of new diagnostic techniques for population surveillance. In this systematic review of English and Chinese language databases, we identified 92 primary records of E. multilocularis surveillance in canids (N = 75), humans (N = 20) and/or the environment (food, soil; N = 3) and 12 grey literature records that reported E. multilocularis surveillance or health systems protocols between 2008 and 2018. Surveillance for E. multilocularis was conducted using a broad range of combined morphological, molecular, immunological and imaging techniques. Nine studies reporting diagnostic evaluations for cestode or metacestode detection were identified, including studies on copro-antigen ELISA, copro-PCR, intestinal examination, Western Blot, magnetic capture RT-PCR and immunochromatography. Our dataset includes prevalence estimates for E. multilocularis in canids, people, or environment in 27 of the 43 endemic countries and reports data gaps in surveillance, laboratory methods, and diagnostic sensitivity. International consensus on gold standard diagnostic techniques and harmonization of human, canid and environmental surveillance data across political boundaries are needed to comprehensively assess the global burden and distribution of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna M. Schurer
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton 01536, USA
- University of Global Health Equity, KG 7 Ave, 5th Floor, PO Box 6955, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Arlene Nishimwe
- University of Global Health Equity, KG 7 Ave, 5th Floor, PO Box 6955, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Dieudonne Hakizimana
- University of Global Health Equity, KG 7 Ave, 5th Floor, PO Box 6955, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Huan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | | | - Eugene Tuyishime
- University of Global Health Equity, KG 7 Ave, 5th Floor, PO Box 6955, Kigali, Rwanda
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Laivacuma S, Deksne G, Jokelainen P, Ivanovs A, Zaharova L, Zeltiņa I, Vīksna L, Krūmiņa A. Risk Factors for Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Latvia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:430-433. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sniedze Laivacuma
- Department of Infectology and Dermatology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Gunita Deksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR,” Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Andrejs Ivanovs
- Department of Infectology and Dermatology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Larisa Zaharova
- Department of Infectology and Dermatology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Ludmila Vīksna
- Department of Infectology and Dermatology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Angelika Krūmiņa
- Department of Infectology and Dermatology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR,” Riga, Latvia
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First Report of Echinococcus ortleppi in Human Cases of Cystic Echinococcosis in Poland. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2474839. [PMID: 31080812 PMCID: PMC6476137 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2474839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is considered as an emerging zoonosis that can develop asymptomatically for years, clinically nonpathognomic. The disease is of public health importance due to often late, difficult diagnostics, uncertain results of treatment, the need to remove hydatid cysts surgically in advanced cases, and poor prognosis in untreated patients. Six Polish female patients with diagnosed cystic echinococcosis (CE) were examined. DNA extracted from the liver and lung samples served for amplification of mitochondrial nad1 gene fragment. Sequence alignments of 5 isolates showed identity with the pig strain, Echinococcus canadensis G7. One case was in 100% identical with Echinococcus ortleppi G5, the cattle strain. These data demonstrate first report of E. ortleppi, regarded as extinct species, causing human cystic echinococcosis in Poland, where the most frequent causative agent of human CE is E. canadensis.
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Wen H, Vuitton L, Tuxun T, Li J, Vuitton DA, Zhang W, McManus DP. Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st Century. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00075-18. [PMID: 30760475 PMCID: PMC6431127 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00075-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 618] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by cestodes of the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae). This serious and near-cosmopolitan disease continues to be a significant public health issue, with western China being the area of highest endemicity for both the cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) forms of echinococcosis. Considerable advances have been made in the 21st century on the genetics, genomics, and molecular epidemiology of the causative parasites, on diagnostic tools, and on treatment techniques and control strategies, including the development and deployment of vaccines. In terms of surgery, new procedures have superseded traditional techniques, and total cystectomy in CE, ex vivo resection with autotransplantation in AE, and percutaneous and perendoscopic procedures in both diseases have improved treatment efficacy and the quality of life of patients. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, control, and prevention of CE and AE. Currently there is no alternative drug to albendazole to treat echinococcosis, and new compounds are required urgently. Recently acquired genomic and proteomic information can provide a platform for improving diagnosis and for finding new drug and vaccine targets, with direct impact in the future on the control of echinococcosis, which continues to be a global challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
| | - Lucine Vuitton
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis and French National Centre for Echinococcosis, University Bourgogne Franche-Comte and University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Tuerhongjiang Tuxun
- Department of Liver and Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dominique A Vuitton
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis and French National Centre for Echinococcosis, University Bourgogne Franche-Comte and University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Köse E, Baz NT, Tazeoğlu D, Gürbüz ME, Tok H, Özsoy A, Karahan SR. Retrospective analysis of risk factors for development of biliary fistula after liver cyst hydatid surgery. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.25000/acem.531385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Malkamäki S, Näreaho A, Oksanen A, Sukura A. Berries as a potential transmission vehicle for taeniid eggs. Parasitol Int 2019; 70:58-63. [PMID: 30711641 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Potential role of wild forest berries as a transmission vehicle for taeniid eggs was examined using non-zoonotic Taenia laticollis eggs as a model. The berries studied were bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) (1 m2 plot, n = 10) and lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) (1 m2 plot, n = 11). The plots in the managed forest were evenly sprayed with 30,000 or 60,000 T. laticollis eggs suspended in water, and berries were collected 24 h after spraying. The berries were rinsed with water, and the water was sieved through a 1-mm and a 63-μm sieve to remove coarse material and through a 20-μm sieve to collect possible eggs. A small proportion of the sieved material was examined by microscopy after treatment with fluorescent Calcofluor White stain, which binds to eggshell chitin. In the recovery tests in artificially spiked samples, the detection limit was 5 eggs in 100 g of commercial frozen bilberries and lingonberries. Taeniid eggs were detected in all of the 10 experimentally contaminated bilberry samples and in 10 of 11 lingonberry samples. The sieved debris was also analyzed for T. laticollis DNA using semi-quantitative PCR. All samples were positive in quantitative SYBR Green real-time PCR using a T. laticollis-specific primer pair amplifying a short fragment of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene. This indicates that forest berries contaminated in shrubs contained T. laticollis eggs, and that berries can serve as a vehicle for taeniid eggs and may pose a possible risk to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Malkamäki
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki (FINPAR), Finland.
| | - Anu Näreaho
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki (FINPAR), Finland
| | - Antti Oksanen
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira (FINPAR), Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Sukura
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki (FINPAR), Finland
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Zhu GL, Tang YY, Limpanont Y, Wu ZD, Li J, Lv ZY. Zoonotic parasites carried by invasive alien species in China. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:2. [PMID: 30621776 PMCID: PMC6325848 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The invasive alien species may lead to great environmental and economic crisis due to its strong capability of occupying the biological niche of native species and altering the ecosystem of the invaded area. However, its potential to serve as the vectors of some specific zoonotic pathogens, especially parasites, has been neglected. Thus, the damage that it may cause has been hugely underestimated in this aspect, which is actually an important public health problem. This paper aims to discuss the current status of zoonotic parasites carried by invasive alien species in China. MAIN BODY This review summarizes the reported zoonotic parasites carried by invasive alien species in China based on the Database of Invasive Alien Species in China. We summarize their prevalence, threat to human health, related reported cases, and the roles of invasive alien species in the life cycle of these parasites, and the invasion history of some invasive alien species. Furthermore, we sum up the current state of prevention and control of invasive alien species in China, and discuss about the urgency and several feasible strategies for the prevention and control of these zoonoses under the background of booming international communications and inevitable globalization. CONCLUSIONS Information of the zoonotic parasites carried by invasive alien species neither in China or worldwide, especially related case reports, is limited due to a long-time neglection and lack of monitoring. The underestimation of their damage requires more attention to the monitoring and control and compulsory measures should be taken to control the invasive alien species carrying zoonotic parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Li Zhu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yi-Yang Tang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yanin Limpanont
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Zhong-Dao Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Jian Li
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
| | - Zhi-Yue Lv
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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Stronen AV, Iacolina L, Ruiz-Gonzalez A. Rewilding and conservation genomics: How developments in (re)colonization ecology and genomics can offer mutual benefits for understanding contemporary evolution. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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47
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Kurz K, Schwabegger A, Schreieck S, Zelger B, Weiss G, Bellmann-Weiler R. Cystic echinococcosis in the thigh: a case report. Infection 2018; 47:323-329. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-018-1255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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48
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Cavus G, Acik V, Bilgin E, Gezercan Y, Okten AI. Endless story of a spinal column hydatid cyst disease: A case report. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA ET TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA 2018; 52:397-403. [PMID: 29747967 PMCID: PMC6204455 DOI: 10.1016/j.aott.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of multifocal relapsing hydatid cyst following multilevel thoracic corpectomy and 360° instrumentation surgery. A 41-year-old male patient presented with cord compression and paraplegia due to a multiseptated cystic lesion at T10-11 level. The cyst was excised with a combined anterior and posterior approach and 360° stabilization was performed. The patient received albendazole for 1 year after the surgery. The patient presented with paraparesis 5 years after the surgery. Cystic lesions between C2-T1 and T10-11 were detected on the spinal MRI and the patient was operated with removal of the lesions on both levels and adjuvant local 20% hypertonic saline application. The patient received albendazole for the postoperative 6 months. After 3 months from the surgery, the patient's paraparesis recovered. There was no recurrence after 2 years from the last surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Cavus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Vedat Acik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Emre Bilgin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yurdal Gezercan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ali Ihsan Okten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
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Kohansal MH, Nourian A, Rahimi MT, Daryani A, Spotin A, Ahmadpour E. Natural products applied against hydatid cyst protoscolices: A review of past to present. Acta Trop 2017; 176:385-394. [PMID: 28935552 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE), which is distributed all around the world. CE is one of the most important global parasitic infectious diseases, both in humans and animals. This parasite causes hydatid cysts that can be lodge at different organs of host such as liver, lung even in heart and brain which may lead to death. Presently, numerous scolicidal chemical agents have been administrated for inactivation of the hydatid cyst contents. Because of increasing resistance and adverse effects of medications include abnormalities of liver function, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache; there is a need to find alternative therapies either with the least or without side effects. Recently, there is a high tendency among researchers to evaluate and present herbal plants as alternative option due to being inexpensive, easy available, low side effects and toxicity. Till now, many efforts have been conducted on herbal extracts against protoscolices of hydatid cysts throughout the world. Therefore, the current review systematically searched the following electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar on published papers according to the keywords. In addition, a comprehensive list of medicinal plants was prepared and some of these herbal plants which showed the best efficacy and promising results are discussed elaborately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Kohansal
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Nourian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Adel Spotin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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50
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Comte S, Umhang G, Raton V, Raoul F, Giraudoux P, Combes B, Boué F. Echinococcus multilocularis management by fox culling: An inappropriate paradigm. Prev Vet Med 2017; 147:178-185. [PMID: 29254718 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the ongoing spread of Echinococcus multilocularis in Europe, sanitary authorities are looking for the most efficient ways of reducing the risk for human populations. Fox culling is one particular tool that has recently shifted from predation control to population health management. Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of this tool in limiting E. multilocularis prevalence in fox populations in France. During four years, a culling protocol by night shooting from cars was implemented around the city of Nancy (eastern France) representing ∼1700h of night work and ∼15,000km driven. The 776 foxes killed represented an overall increase of 35% of the pressure on the fox population over 693km2. Despite this consequent effort of culling, not only did night shooting of foxes fail to decrease the fox population, but it resulted in an increase in E. multilocularis prevalence from 40% to 55% while remaining stable in an adjacent control area (585km2). Though no significant change in age structure could be described, an increase in immigration and local recruitment is the best hypothesis for population resilience. The increase in prevalence is therefore considered to be linked to a higher rate of juvenile movement within the culled area shedding highly contaminated faeces. We therefore advocate managers to consider alternative methods such as anthelmintic baiting, which has been proven to be efficient elsewhere, to fight against alveolar echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Comte
- Entente de Lutte Interdépartementale contre les Zoonoses (ELIZ), Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, Batiment G, 54220 Malzéville, France.
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Vincent Raton
- Entente de Lutte Interdépartementale contre les Zoonoses (ELIZ), Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, Batiment G, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Francis Raoul
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Patrick Giraudoux
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Combes
- Entente de Lutte Interdépartementale contre les Zoonoses (ELIZ), Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, Batiment G, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
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