Fabricating regenerated cellulose fibers using ionic liquids is a novel and green technology. Structural changes of regenerated fibers during forming process affect the macroscopic properties of regenerated fibers. The study of the regenerated fiber forming mechanisms in conditions relevant to fiber spinning processes, especially in the process of dry-wet spinning, is necessary and meaningful. In this work, regenerated cellulose fibers were prepared from wood pulp meal with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([Emim]DEP) under various coagulation bath compositions. The effect of coagulating conditions on the properties of regenerated fibers was investigated, and the internal structures and mechanical properties of regenerated fibers were characterized. The results indicated that regenerated cellulose fibers eventually developed differences in their internal structure and mechanical properties due to the different diffusion rates between spinning solution and coagulation bath. Ethanol significantly reduced the crystallinity and orientation, and elongation increased greatly. In addition, both the crystallinity and orientation of regenerated fibers increased with the decreased of ethanol content in coagulation bath when ethanol content >70 %, while the elongation was reversed. What's more, the scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the regenerated cellulose fibers' surfaces were homogeneous, indicating the regenerated fibers have great potential in the application of textile fabrics.

Human hair is a potential biomaterial for biomedical applications. Improper disposal of human hair may pose various adverse effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, proper management of human hair waste is pivotal. Human hair fiber and its derivatives offer various advantages as biomaterials such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, radical scavenging, electroconductivity, and intrinsic biological activity. Therefore, the favorable characteristics of human hair have rendered its usage in tissue engineering (TE) applications including skin, cardiac, nerve, bone, ocular, and periodontal. Moreover, the strategies by utilizing human hair as a biomaterial for TE applications may reduce the accumulation of human hair. Thus, it also improves human hair waste management while promoting natural, environmental-friendly, and nontoxic materials. Furthermore, promoting sustainable materials production will benefit human health and well-being. Hence, this article reviews and discusses human hair characteristics as sustainable biomaterials and their recent application in TE applications. Impact Statement This review article highlights the sustainability aspects of human hair as raw biomaterials and various elements of human hair that could potentially be used in tissue engineering (TE) applications. Furthermore, this article discusses numerous benefits of human hair, highlighting its value as biomaterials in bioscaffold development for TE applications. Moreover, this article reviews the role and effect of human hair in various TE applications, including skin, cardiac, nerve, bone, ocular, and periodontal.