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Wang K, Li Z, He J. Association of caffeine consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adult Americans with hypertension. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4185-4195. [PMID: 38873441 PMCID: PMC11167170 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Coffee is an important beverage that is widely consumed, of which caffeine is the main active ingredient. However, the long-term relationship between caffeine consumption and mortality in hypertensive patients has rarely been studied. This study analyzed a cohort of 12,093 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018. Caffeine consumption was divided into five groups: no intake, >0 to ≤100, >100 to ≤300, >300 to ≤400 and >400 mg/day. Using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, this study performed a 20-year follow-up analysis (1999-2018). In the fully adjusted model, all caffeine consumers had lower all-cause mortality compared with no intake, especially in the >300 to ≤400 mg/day group (hazard ratio (HR) 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60-0.84). The result of restricted cubic spline also showed a nonlinear association between caffeine consumption and all-cause mortality. For cardiovascular disease, mortality decreased only at >400 mg/day (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47-0.85). For cancer, diabetes, and kidney disease, only >300 to ≤400 mg/day was significantly associated with decreased mortality: (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42-0.67), (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.07-0.75), and (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.10-0.96), respectively. Lower all-cause mortality was observed in non-Hispanic White, African American, population aged 40 or above, and people with a body mass index <25 kg/m2. Our findings indicate a nonlinear association between average caffeine consumption and all-cause mortality, suggesting that hypertensive patients may benefit from moderate caffeine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Xiangya Scool of MedicineCentral South UniveristyChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ziao Li
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Xiangya Scool of MedicineCentral South UniveristyChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jinshen He
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryThird Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Chen X, Yin X, Gao Y, Chen X, Ye N, He X. From cup to clock: exploring coffee's role in slowing down biological aging. Food Funct 2024; 15:5655-5663. [PMID: 38726849 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04177h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Background: Previous research has proposed that coffee consumption may have potential health benefits, yet the effect of coffee on one's biological age has not been determined to date. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of coffee drinking on biological aging. Methods: Participants were chosen from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and had to meet the selection criteria. Coffee consumption was evaluated through two 24-hour dietary questionnaires. Biological age was measured using both the PhenoAge and KDM-BA algorithms. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were adopted to analyze the association of coffee consumption with biological aging. Results: A total of 13 384 participants with an average daily coffee consumption of 1.73 cups were included. Participants with higher coffee consumption tended to be older, male, non-Hispanic white; had a higher educational level beyond high school; were more likely to be married; had better financial status; and were less likely to smoke or engage in excessive drinking. These individuals with higher coffee consumption exhibited a younger biological age in relation to their chronological age, as indicated by lower mean advancements in PhenoAge and KDM-BA scores. Furthermore, coffee intake was found to be inversely related to PhenoAge and KDM-BA progressions, as well as to the chances of accelerated biological aging, both in unadjusted and adjusted models. These associations remained consistent across all age and gender groups. Additionally, some heterogeneity was also observed among body mass index and physical activity categories. Conclusions: Coffee drinking was inversely related to biological age advancements and the likelihood of accelerated biological aging. Moderate coffee consumption may offer substantial benefits in reducing biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Yajie Gao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Nan Ye
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingkang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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3
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Rojas-González A, Figueroa-Hernández CY, González-Rios O, Suárez-Quiroz ML, González-Amaro RM, Hernández-Estrada ZJ, Rayas-Duarte P. Coffee Chlorogenic Acids Incorporation for Bioactivity Enhancement of Foods: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:3400. [PMID: 35684338 PMCID: PMC9181911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand of foods with high antioxidant capacity have increased and research on these foods continues to grow. This review is focused on chlorogenic acids (CGAs) from green coffee, which is the most abundant source. The main CGA in coffee is 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA). Coffee extracts are currently the most widely used source to enhance the antioxidant activity of foods. Due to the solubility of CGAs, their extraction is mainly performed with organic solvents. CGAs have been associated with health benefits, such as antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activity, and others that reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the biological activities depend on the stability of CGAs, which are sensitive to pH, temperature, and light. The anti-inflammatory activity of 5-CQA is attributed to reducing the proinflammatory activity of cytokines. 5-CQA can negatively affect colon microbiota. An increase in anthocyanins and antioxidant activity was observed when CGAs extracts were added to different food matrices such as dairy products, coffee drinks, chocolate, and bakery products. The fortification of foods with coffee CGAs has the potential to improve the functionality of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Rojas-González
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. de Quevedo 2779, Col. Formando Hogar, Veracruz 91897, Mexico; (A.R.-G.); (O.G.-R.); (M.L.S.-Q.); (Z.J.H.-E.)
- Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, 123 FAPC, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Claudia Yuritzi Figueroa-Hernández
- CONACYT-Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, M. A. de Quevedo 2779, Veracruz 91897, Mexico;
| | - Oscar González-Rios
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. de Quevedo 2779, Col. Formando Hogar, Veracruz 91897, Mexico; (A.R.-G.); (O.G.-R.); (M.L.S.-Q.); (Z.J.H.-E.)
| | - Mirna Leonor Suárez-Quiroz
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. de Quevedo 2779, Col. Formando Hogar, Veracruz 91897, Mexico; (A.R.-G.); (O.G.-R.); (M.L.S.-Q.); (Z.J.H.-E.)
| | - Rosa María González-Amaro
- CONACYT-Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico;
| | - Zorba Josué Hernández-Estrada
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. de Quevedo 2779, Col. Formando Hogar, Veracruz 91897, Mexico; (A.R.-G.); (O.G.-R.); (M.L.S.-Q.); (Z.J.H.-E.)
| | - Patricia Rayas-Duarte
- Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, 123 FAPC, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Caffeine Consumption through Coffee: Content in the Beverage, Metabolism, Health Benefits and Risks. BEVERAGES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages5020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is the most consumed psychoactive substance in the world, acting by means of antagonism to adenosine receptors, mainly A1 and A2A. Coffee is the main natural source of the alkaloid which is quite soluble and well extracted during the brew’s preparation. After consumption, caffeine is almost completely absorbed and extensively metabolized in the liver by phase I (cytochrome P450) enzymes, mainly CYP1A2, which appears to be polymorphically distributed in human populations. Paraxanthine is the major caffeine metabolite in plasma, while methylated xanthines and methyluric acids are the main metabolites excreted in urine. In addition to stimulating the central nervous system, caffeine exerts positive effects in the body, often in association with other substances, contributing to prevention of several chronic diseases. The potential adverse effects of caffeine have also been extensively studied in animal species and in humans. These aspects will be approached in the present review.
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Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGA) are the main antioxidant compounds in the Western diet, due to their high concentrations in coffee associated with the high consumption of the beverage. Until about 10 years ago, like many other phenolic compounds, CGA were thought to be poorly absorbed in the human digestive system. Along the years, large amounts of information on the absorption and metabolism of these compounds have been unveiled, and today, it is known that, on average, about one third of the consumed CGA from coffee is absorbed in the human gastrointestinal tract, although large inter-individual variation exists. Considering results from in vitro animal and human studies, it is possible to conclude that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of coffee CGA are responsible for, at least to a certain extent, the association between coffee consumption and lower incidence of various degenerative and non-degenerative diseases, in addition to higher longevity.
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Saeed M, Naveed M, BiBi J, Ali Kamboh A, Phil L, Chao S. Potential nutraceutical and food additive properties and risks of coffee: a comprehensive overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 59:3293-3319. [PMID: 30614268 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1489368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Coffee is a composite mixture of more than a thousand diverse phytochemicals like alkaloids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals and nitrogenous compounds. Coffee has multifunctional properties as a food additive and nutraceutical. As a nutraceutical, coffee has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antidyslipidemic, anti-obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which can serve for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome and associated disorders. On the other hand, as a food additive, coffee has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, inhibits lipid peroxidation (LPO), and can function as a prebiotic. The outcomes of different studies also revealed that coffee intake may reduce the incidence of numerous chronic diseases, like liver disease, mental health, and it also overcomes the all-cause mortality, and suicidal risks. In some studies, high intake of coffee is linked to increase CVD risk factors, like cholesterol, plasma homocysteine and blood pressure (BP). There is also a little evidence that associated the coffee consumption with increased risk of lung tumors in smokers. Among adults who consume the moderate amount of coffee, there is slight indication of health hazards with strong indicators of health benefits. Moreover, existing literature suggests that it may be cautious for pregnant women to eliminate the chances of miscarriages and impaired fetal growth. The primary purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the findings of the positive impacts and risks of coffee consumption on human health. In conclusion, to date, the best available evidence from research indicates that drinking coffee up to 3-4 cups/day provides health benefits for most people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Jannat BiBi
- Department of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Asghar Ali Kamboh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh Province, Pakistan
| | - Lucas Phil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Sun Chao
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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Tajik N, Tajik M, Mack I, Enck P. The potential effects of chlorogenic acid, the main phenolic components in coffee, on health: a comprehensive review of the literature. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:2215-2244. [PMID: 28391515 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA), an important biologically active dietary polyphenol, is produced by certain plant species and is a major component of coffee. Reduction in the risk of a variety of diseases following CGA consumption has been mentioned in recent basic and clinical research studies. This systematic review discusses in vivo animal and human studies of the physiological and biochemical effects of chlorogenic acids (CGAs) on biomarkers of chronic disease. We searched PubMed, Embase, Amed and Scopus using the following search terms: ("chlorogenic acid" OR "green coffee bean extract") AND (human OR animal) (last performed on April 1st, 2015) for relevant literature on the in vivo effects of CGAs in animal and human models, including clinical trials on cardiovascular, metabolic, cancerogenic, neurological and other functions. After exclusion of editorials and letters, uncontrolled observations, duplicate and not relevant publications the remaining 94 studies have been reviewed. The biological properties of CGA in addition to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have recently been reported. It is postulated that CGA is able to exert pivotal roles on glucose and lipid metabolism regulation and on the related disorders, e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, cancer, and hepatic steatosis. The wide range of potential health benefits of CGA, including its anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity impacts, may provide a non-pharmacological and non-invasive approach for treatment or prevention of some chronic diseases. In this study, the effects of CGAs on different aspects of health by reviewing the related literatures have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Tajik
- Department of Internal Medicine VI: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Frondsbergstr 23, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mahboubeh Tajik
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, International Branch of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine VI: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Frondsbergstr 23, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paul Enck
- Department of Internal Medicine VI: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Frondsbergstr 23, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
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9
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Abstract
Coffee is the most popular beverage in the world. Consumption of coffee has been shown to benefit health in general, and liver health in particular. This article reviews the effects of coffee intake on development and progression of liver disease due to various causes. We also describe the putative mechanisms by which coffee exerts the protective effect. The clinical evidence of benefit of coffee consumption in Hepatitis B and C, as well as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, has also been presented. Coffee consumption is associated with improvement in liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and GGTP), especially in individuals with risk for liver disease. Coffee intake more than 2 cups per day in patients with preexisting liver disease has been shown to be associated with lower incidence of fibrosis and cirrhosis, lower hepatocellular carcinoma rates, as well as decreased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav Wadhawan
- Fortis Escorts Liver and Digestive Diseases Institute, Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Manav Wadhawan, Senior Consultant, Fortis Escorts Liver and Digestive Diseases Institute, Delhi, India.Manav Wadhawan, Senior Consultant, Fortis Escorts Liver and Digestive Diseases InstituteDelhiIndia
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Aleksandrova K, Bamia C, Drogan D, Lagiou P, Trichopoulou A, Jenab M, Fedirko V, Romieu I, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Pischon T, Tsilidis K, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Bouton-Ruault MC, Dossus L, Racine A, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Tsironis C, Papatesta EM, Saitakis G, Palli D, Panico S, Grioni S, Tumino R, Vineis P, Peeters PH, Weiderpass E, Lukic M, Braaten T, Quirós JR, Luján-Barroso L, Sánchez MJ, Chilarque MD, Ardanas E, Dorronsoro M, Nilsson LM, Sund M, Wallström P, Ohlsson B, Bradbury KE, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Stepien M, Duarte-Salles T, Assi N, Murphy N, Gunter MJ, Riboli E, Boeing H, Trichopoulos D. The association of coffee intake with liver cancer risk is mediated by biomarkers of inflammation and hepatocellular injury: data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1498-508. [PMID: 26561631 PMCID: PMC4658462 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.116095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher coffee intake has been purportedly related to a lower risk of liver cancer. However, it remains unclear whether this association may be accounted for by specific biological mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the potential mediating roles of inflammatory, metabolic, liver injury, and iron metabolism biomarkers on the association between coffee intake and the primary form of liver cancer-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DESIGN We conducted a prospective nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition among 125 incident HCC cases matched to 250 controls using an incidence-density sampling procedure. The association of coffee intake with HCC risk was evaluated by using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression that accounted for smoking, alcohol consumption, hepatitis infection, and other established liver cancer risk factors. The mediating effects of 21 biomarkers were evaluated on the basis of percentage changes and associated 95% CIs in the estimated regression coefficients of models with and without adjustment for biomarkers individually and in combination. RESULTS The multivariable-adjusted RR of having ≥4 cups (600 mL) coffee/d compared with <2 cups (300 mL)/d was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.62; P-trend = 0.006). A statistically significant attenuation of the association between coffee intake and HCC risk and thereby suspected mediation was confirmed for the inflammatory biomarker IL-6 and for the biomarkers of hepatocellular injury glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and total bilirubin, which-in combination-attenuated the regression coefficients by 72% (95% CI: 7%, 239%). Of the investigated biomarkers, IL-6, AST, and GGT produced the highest change in the regression coefficients: 40%, 56%, and 60%, respectively. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the inverse association of coffee intake with HCC risk was partly accounted for by biomarkers of inflammation and hepatocellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Christina Bamia
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Dagmar Drogan
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Kostas Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, University Campus, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Bouton-Ruault
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; IGR, Villejuif, France
| | - Laure Dossus
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; IGR, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Racine
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; IGR, Villejuif, France
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; HuGeF Foundation, Turin, Italy
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Lukic
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Leila Luján-Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Chilarque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanas
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Epidemiology and Health Information, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery and Public Health, Nutrition Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Wallström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Division of Internal Medicine, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kathryn E Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nada Assi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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12
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Podio NS, López-Froilán R, Ramirez-Moreno E, Bertrand L, Baroni MV, Pérez-Rodríguez ML, Sánchez-Mata MC, Wunderlin DA. Matching in Vitro Bioaccessibility of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Capacity of Soluble Coffee by Boosted Regression Trees. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9572-82. [PMID: 26457815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in polyphenol profile and antioxidant capacity of five soluble coffees throughout a simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, including absorption through a dialysis membrane. Our results demonstrate that both polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity were characteristic for each type of studied coffee, showing a drop after dialysis. Twenty-seven compounds were identified in coffee by HPLC-MS, while only 14 of them were found after dialysis. Green+roasted coffee blend and chicory+coffee blend showed the highest and lowest content of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity before in vitro digestion and after dialysis, respectively. Canonical correlation analysis showed significant correlation between the antioxidant capacity and the polyphenol profile before digestion and after dialysis. Furthermore, boosted regression trees analysis (BRT) showed that only four polyphenol compounds (5-p-coumaroylquinic acid, quinic acid, coumaroyl tryptophan conjugated, and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid) appear to be the most relevant to explain the antioxidant capacity after dialysis, these compounds being the most bioaccessible after dialysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report matching the antioxidant capacity of foods with the polyphenol profile by BRT, which opens an interesting method of analysis for future reports on the antioxidant capacity of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebeca López-Froilán
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) , Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Esther Ramirez-Moreno
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) , Madrid 28040, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Interdisciplinario, Área de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Estado de Hidalgo , Pachuca 42039, Mexico
| | | | | | - María L Pérez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) , Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María-Cortes Sánchez-Mata
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) , Madrid 28040, Spain
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13
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Casas-Grajales S, Muriel P. Antioxidants in liver health. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2015; 6:59-72. [PMID: 26261734 PMCID: PMC4526841 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i3.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are a worldwide medical problem because the liver is the principal detoxifying organ and maintains metabolic homeostasis. The liver metabolizes various compounds that produce free radicals (FR). However, antioxidants scavenge FR and maintain the oxidative/antioxidative balance in the liver. When the liver oxidative/antioxidative balance is disrupted, the state is termed oxidative stress. Oxidative stress leads to deleterious processes in the liver and produces liver diseases. Therefore, restoring antioxidants is essential to maintain homeostasis. One method of restoring antioxidants is to consume natural compounds with antioxidant capacity. The objective of this review is to provide information pertaining to various antioxidants found in food that have demonstrated utility in improving liver diseases.
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Oliveira KDS, Buss C, Tovo CV. Association of caffeine intake and liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2015; 52:4-8. [PMID: 26017074 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032015000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine consumption has been associated to decreased levels of liver enzymes and lower risk of fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the association between caffeine consumption and inflammatory activity or degree of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. METHODS A cross-sectional study of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated in an outpatient Gastroenterology Unit of Santa Casa Hospital (Porto Alegre - Brasil). Patients were interviewed regarding the consumption of caffeine and anthropometric assessment was performed. Liver biopsy was performed in a maximum period of 36 months before inclusion in the study. RESULTS There were 113 patients, 67 (59.3%) females, 48 (42.5%) were aged between 52 and 62 years, and 101 (89.4%) were white. The average caffeine consumption was 251.41 ± 232.32 mg/day, and 70 (62%) patients consumed up to 250 mg/day of caffeine. There was no association between caffeine consumption and inflammatory activity on liver biopsy. On the other hand, when evaluating the caffeine consumption liver fibrosis an inverse association was observed. CONCLUSIONS The greater consumption of caffeine was associated with lower liver fibrosis. There was no association between caffeine consumption and inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalinca da Silva Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina - Departamento de Hepatologia, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Caroline Buss
- Departamento de Nutrição, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Valle Tovo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina - Departamento de Hepatologia, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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15
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Park KR, Suh SY, Seo AR, Ahn H, Hwang S, Roh JJ, Kim YI, Oh S, Sung NJ. The Relationship between Coffee Drinking and Liver Function Tests in Korean Men. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2014.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Rae Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeon Suh
- Department of Family Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah-Ram Seo
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongyup Ahn
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunwook Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juliet Juhye Roh
- Department of Medicine, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Il Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nak-Jin Sung
- Department of Family Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Abstract
Coffee is one of the most widely used beverages in the world. It includes a wide array of components that can have potential implications for health. Several epidemiological studies associate coffee consumption with a reduced incidence of various chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past 20 years, an increasing number of epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the positive effects of coffee on chronic liver diseases. Coffee consumption has been inversely associated with the activity of liver enzymes in subjects at risk, including heavy drinkers. Coffee favours an improvement in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, and a reduction in cirrhosis and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms of action through which it exerts its beneficial effects are not fully understood. Experimental studies show that coffee consumption reduces fat accumulation and collagen deposition in the liver and promotes antioxidant capacity through an increase in glutathione as well as modulation of the gene and protein expression of several inflammatory mediators. Animal and in vitro studies indicate that cafestol and kahweol, 2 diterpens, can operate by modulating multiple enzymes involved in the detoxification process of carcinogens causing hepatocellular carcinoma. It is unclear whether the benefits are significant enough to "treat" patients with chronic liver disease. While we await clarification, moderate daily unsweetened coffee use is a reasonable adjuvant to therapy for these patients.
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17
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Ferk F, Huber WW, Grasl-Kraupp B, Speer K, Buchmann S, Bohacek R, Mišík M, Edelbauer L, Knasmüller S. Protective effects of coffee against induction of DNA damage and pre-neoplastic foci by aflatoxin B₁. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:229-38. [PMID: 24039089 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Aim of the study was to investigate the protective properties of coffee towards aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) induced formation of pre-neoplastic hepatic foci and the identification of the constituents and molecular mechanisms that account for these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats consumed three different brews and were subsequently treated with AFB₁ (0.75 mg/kg b.w. intraperitoneally). Ten weeks later, the numbers and areas of hepatic foci were determined. Furthermore, the impact of the brews on AFB₁-induced DNA damage was quantified in single cell gel electrophoresis assays and the activities of drug metabolising enzymes and glutathione-related parameters were monitored. Additionally, single cell gel electrophoresis assay experiments were conducted with pure caffeine. CONCLUSION All brews reduced the frequencies of the hepatic foci. The most pronounced protection (reduction 82%) was seen with the caffeine containing metal and paper filtered brews. DNA migration was reduced between 65 and 75% with the caffeine containing brews. In additional experiments, clear protective effects were found with caffeine at dose levels that corresponded to those contained in the coffee. This observation indicates that the alkaloid accounts partly for the protective effects of coffee. Furthermore, our findings indicate that induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase contributes to the chemopreventive effects of coffee since all brews increased the activity of this detoxifying enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Ferk
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Trovato GM, Martines GF, Trovato FM, Catalano D. Regular coffee: a magic bullet or a naked gun? Regular coffee but not espresso drinking is protective against fibrosis in NAFLD. J Hepatol 2013; 58:1264-5. [PMID: 23376892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Gao J, Xie L, Yang WS, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang J, Xiang YB. Risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma--current status and perspectives. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:743-52. [PMID: 22631642 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.3.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common disorder worldwide which ranks 5th and 7th most common cancer among men and women. In recent years, different incidence trends have been observed in various regions, but the reasons are not completely understood. However, due to the great public efforts in HCC prevention and alternation of lifestyle, the roles of some well documented risk factors played in hepatocarcinogenesis might have changed. This paper summarizes both the environmental and host related risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma including well established risk factors such as hepatitis virus infection, aflatoxin and alcohol, as well as possible risk factors such as coffee drinking and other dietary agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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20
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Arauz J, Moreno MG, Cortés-Reynosa P, Salazar EP, Muriel P. Coffee attenuates fibrosis by decreasing the expression of TGF-β and CTGF in a murine model of liver damage. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:970-9. [PMID: 22899499 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the antifibrotic properties of coffee in a model of liver damage induced by repeated administration of thioacetamide (TAA) in male Wistar rats. In this study, cirrhosis was induced by chronic TAA administration and the effects of co-administration of conventional caffeinated coffee or decaffeinated coffee (CC, DC, respectively) for 8 weeks were evaluated. TAA administration elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (AP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), liver lipid peroxidation, collagen content, depleted liver glycogen and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Additionally increased levels of a number of proteins were detected including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, 9 and 13. Coffee suppressed most of the changes produced by TAA. Histopathological analysis was in agreement with biochemical and molecular findings. These results indicate that coffee attenuates experimental cirrhosis; the action mechanisms are probably associated with its antioxidant properties and mainly by its ability to block the elevation of the profibrogenic cytokine TGF-β and its downstream effector CTGF. Various components of coffee that have been related to such a favorable effect include caffeine, coffee oils kahweol, cafestol and antioxidant substances; however, no definite evidence for the role of these components has been established. These results support earlier findings suggesting a beneficial effect of coffee on the liver. However, more basic clinical studies must be performed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Arauz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Cinvestav-IPN, Apdo Postal 14-740, México, 07000, D. F., México
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The guideline on the management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) was first developed in 2004 and revised in 2007 by the Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (KASL). Since then there have been many developments, including the introduction of new antiviral agents and the publications of many novel research results from both Korea and other countries. In particular, a large amount of knowledge on antiviral resistance--which is a serious issue in Korea--has accumulated, which has led to new strategies being suggested. This prompted the new guideline discussed herein to be developed based on recent evidence and expert opinion. TARGET POPULATION The main targets of this guideline comprise patients who are newly diagnosed with CHB and those who are followed or treated for known CHB. This guideline is also intended to provide guidance for the management of patients under the following special circumstances: malignancy, transplantation, dialysis, coinfection with other viruses, pregnancy, and children.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Alanine Transaminase/blood
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Asian People
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Coinfection/drug therapy
- DNA, Viral/blood
- Drug Resistance, Viral
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood
- Hepatitis B e Antigens/blood
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/diagnosis
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy
- Humans
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/physiology
- Liver Cirrhosis/physiopathology
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms/etiology
- Liver Transplantation
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pregnancy
- Renal Dialysis
- Republic of Korea
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22
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Lopez-Garcia E. Coffee Consumption, Myocardial Infarction and Stroke: What is the Association? WOMENS HEALTH 2011; 7:265-7. [DOI: 10.2217/whe.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Avda. Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain, Tel.: +34 914 972 738, Fax: +34 914 975 353,
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23
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Muriel P, Arauz J. Coffee and liver diseases. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:297-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Silva-Oliveira EM, Fernandes PA, Moraes-Santos T. Effect of Coffee on Chemical Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:336-42. [DOI: 10.1080/01635580903407205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Omata M, Lesmana LA, Tateishi R, Chen PJ, Lin SM, Yoshida H, Kudo M, Lee JM, Choi BI, Poon RTP, Shiina S, Cheng AL, Jia JD, Obi S, Han KH, Jafri W, Chow P, Lim SG, Chawla YK, Budihusodo U, Gani RA, Lesmana CR, Putranto TA, Liaw YF, Sarin SK. Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver consensus recommendations on hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int 2010; 4:439-474. [PMID: 20827404 PMCID: PMC2900561 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-010-9165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 831] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) convened an international working party on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in December 2008 to develop consensus recommendations. METHODS The working party consisted of expert hepatologist, hepatobiliary surgeon, radiologist, and oncologist from Asian-Pacific region, who were requested to make drafts prior to the consensus meeting held at Bali, Indonesia on 4 December 2008. The quality of existing evidence and strength of recommendations were ranked from 1 (highest) to 5 (lowest) and from A (strongest) to D (weakest), respectively, according to the Oxford system of evidence-based approach for developing the consensus statements. RESULTS Participants of the consensus meeting assessed the quality of cited studies and assigned grades to the recommendation statements. Finalized recommendations were presented at the fourth APASL single topic conference on viral-related HCC at Bali, Indonesia and approved by the participants of the conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Omata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Laurentius A. Lesmana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ryosuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ming Lin
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haruhiko Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Abdominal Radiology Section, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ihn Choi
- Abdominal Radiology Section, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ronnie T. P. Poon
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuichiro Shiina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Ann Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Dong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Shuntaro Obi
- Division of Hepatology, Kyoundo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kwang Hyub Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wasim Jafri
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Pierce Chow
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seng Gee Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yogesh K. Chawla
- Departments of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Unggul Budihusodo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rino A. Gani
- Hepatology Division, Internal Medicine Department, RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - C. Rinaldi Lesmana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Yun Fan Liaw
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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26
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Omata M, Lesmana LA, Tateishi R, Chen PJ, Lin SM, Yoshida H, Kudo M, Lee JM, Choi BI, Poon RTP, Shiina S, Cheng AL, Jia JD, Obi S, Han KH, Jafri W, Chow P, Lim SG, Chawla YK, Budihusodo U, Gani RA, Lesmana CR, Putranto TA, Liaw YF, Sarin SK. Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver consensus recommendations on hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int 2010. [PMID: 20827404 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-011-9165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) convened an international working party on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in December 2008 to develop consensus recommendations. METHODS The working party consisted of expert hepatologist, hepatobiliary surgeon, radiologist, and oncologist from Asian-Pacific region, who were requested to make drafts prior to the consensus meeting held at Bali, Indonesia on 4 December 2008. The quality of existing evidence and strength of recommendations were ranked from 1 (highest) to 5 (lowest) and from A (strongest) to D (weakest), respectively, according to the Oxford system of evidence-based approach for developing the consensus statements. RESULTS Participants of the consensus meeting assessed the quality of cited studies and assigned grades to the recommendation statements. Finalized recommendations were presented at the fourth APASL single topic conference on viral-related HCC at Bali, Indonesia and approved by the participants of the conference.
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27
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Lv X, Chen Z, Li J, Zhang L, Liu H, Huang C, Zhu P. Caffeine protects against alcoholic liver injury by attenuating inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Inflamm Res 2010; 59:635-45. [PMID: 20221667 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The present investigation was designed to determine the effects of caffeine on alcohol-induced hepatic injury in mice. MATERIAL Five groups of mice (8 each) were used. TREATMENT The mice treated with different doses of caffeine (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, respectively). METHODS The degree of alcoholic liver injury was evaluated biochemically by measuring serum markers and pathological examination. Real time PCR and ELISA methods were used to check the expression of cytokines and CYP 450. RESULTS Treatment with caffeine significantly attenuated the elevated serum aminotransferase enzymes and reduced the severe extent of hepatic cell damage, steatosis and the immigration of inflammatory cells. Interestingly, caffeine decreased hepatic mRNA expression of lipogenic genes, while it had no effect on protein expression of hepatic CYP2E1. Furthermore, caffeine decreased serum and tissue inflammatory cytokines levels, tissue lipid peroxidation and inhibited the necrosis of hepatocytes. Kupffer cells isolated from ethanol-fed mice produced high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), whereas Kupffer cells from caffeine treatment mice produced less ROS and TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that caffeine may represent a novel, protective strategy against alcoholic liver injury by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwen Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, Hefei, China
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes chronic hepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States tripled between 1975 and 2005, and is expected to increase further, and to remain elevated for more than 20 years. Curing hepatitis C infection in patients with cirrhosis through treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin reduces the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Several noncurative treatments also appear to reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Prospective studies report a reduced incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients treated with a mixture of carotenoids with or without myo-inositol, with vitamin K₂, or with polyprenoic acid (an acyclic retinoid). Uncontrolled and/or retrospective studies have reported beneficial effects of treatment with Sho-saiko-to, glycyrrhizin and ursodeoxycholic acid on hepatocellular carcinoma incidence. Meta-analyses of epidemiologic studies show a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among liver disease patients who drink two or more cups of coffee per day. Numerous agents prevent or reduce hepatocarcinogenesis in animal models. An ongoing Phase II clinical trial is evaluating S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) as a potential chemopreventive agent in hepatitis C cirrhosis. Overall, these data suggest that chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C is an achievable objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Morgan
- Gastroenterology Section, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA.
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29
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Chuang SC, Vecchia CL, Boffetta P. Liver cancer: Descriptive epidemiology and risk factors other than HBV and HCV infection. Cancer Lett 2009; 286:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Farrell G, Fan J. Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA 2009:36-61. [DOI: 10.3109/9780203092880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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31
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Akashi I, Kagami K, Hirano T, Oka K. Protective effects of coffee-derived compounds on lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine induced acute liver injury in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2009. [PMID: 19298694 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.04.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The protective effects of coffee-derived compounds on lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN) induced acute liver injury in rats were investigated. METHODS Wistar rats were orally administered saline (control) or one of the test compounds (caffeine, chlorogenic acid, trigonelline, nicotinic acid or eight pyrazinoic acids) at a dose of 100 mg/kg, respectively. This was followed by intraperitoneal injection with LPS (100 mug/kg)/D-GalN (250 mg/kg) 1 h after administration of the test compounds. Blood samples were collected up to 12 h after LPS/D-GalN injection, followed by determination of plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels. KEY FINDINGS Plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly increased after LPS/D-GalN-treatment, but were suppressed by pretreatment with caffeine (n = 5), nicotinic acid, non-substituted pyrazinoic acid or 5-methylpyrazinoic acid (n = 6, respectively) 12 h after LPS/D-GalN-treatment (P < 0.01, respectively). Moreover, the animals pretreated with these test compounds showed significantly higher survival rates (83-100%) compared with the control (23%). Only pretreatment with caffeine significantly suppressed the LPS/D-GalN induced elevation of plasma TNF-alpha levels 1 and 2 h after LPS/D-GalN-treatment (P < 0.01, respectively). Pretreatment with caffeine, nicotinic acid or non-substituted pyrazinoic acid activated the LPS/D-GalN induced elevation of plasma IL-10 levels at 1 and 2 h, although there were no statistically significant differences in IL-10 levels between control and nicotinic acid or non-substituted pyrazinoic acid treated rats. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that caffeine, nicotinic acid, non-substituted pyrazinoic acid and 5-methylpyrazinoic acid can protect against LPS/D-GalN induced acute liver injury, which may be mediated by the reduction of TNF-alpha production and/or increasing IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Akashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Inoue M, Kurahashi N, Iwasaki M, Shimazu T, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, Tsugane S. Effect of coffee and green tea consumption on the risk of liver cancer: cohort analysis by hepatitis virus infection status. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:1746-1753. [PMID: 19505908 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of their anticarcinogenic potential, the effect of coffee and green tea consumption on the risk of liver cancer has not been clarified prospectively in consideration of hepatitis C (HCV) and B virus (HBV) infection. We examined whether coffee and green tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer by hepatitis virus infection status in the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Cohort II. A total of 18,815 subjects ages 40 to 69 years participating in a questionnaire and health checkup survey in 1993 to 1994 were followed for the incidence of liver cancer through 2006. A total of 110 cases of liver cancer were newly documented. Hazard ratios for coffee and green tea consumption categories were calculated with a Cox proportional hazards model. Compared with almost never drinkers, increased coffee consumption was associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer in all subjects (hazard ratio for <1, 1-2, and >or=3 cups/d; P(trend) = 0.67, 0.49, 0.54, and 0.025). A similar risk tendency was observed in those with either or both HCV and HBV infection. In contrast, no association was observed between green tea consumption and the risk of liver cancer in all subjects. Our results suggest that coffee consumption may reduce the risk of liver cancer regardless of HCV and HBV infection status, whereas green tea may not reduce this risk
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Although chronic infection with hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus are the most important risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide, other causes of cirrhosis can also lead to HCC. Given the high prevalence of alcoholism and the worldwide obesity epidemic, the relevant importance of nonviral liver disease-related HCC is expected to increase in the future. Some evidence supports mechanistic interactions between host or environmental factors and chronic viral hepatitis in the development of HCC. For example, food- and water-borne carcinogens have contributed to unusually high rates of HCC in parts of China and sub-Saharan Africa. With some of these conditions, appropriate public health measures to reduce the population's exposure to known etiologic agents, or early therapeutic intervention for 'at-risk' individuals before development of cirrhosis (e.g. hereditary hemochromatosis) can prevent HCC. Community-based programs to discourage and deal with excessive alcohol intake, to promote tobacco smoking awareness, to avoid exposure to aflatoxin and other food toxins, and measures to reduce the pandemic of obesity and diabetes are vital for effective interruption of the rising tide of HCC from nonviral liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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van Dam RM. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009; 33:1269-83. [PMID: 19088789 DOI: 10.1139/h08-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and various cancers. This paper briefly reviews the evidence for a relation between coffee consumption and these conditions, with particular attention to methodological issues. Several early studies suggested that coffee consumption could result in a marked increase in risk of coronary heart disease and several types of cancer. However, more recent prospective cohort studies that are less prone to selection and information bias have not confirmed these findings. High consumption of unfiltered types of coffee, such as French press and boiled coffee, has been shown to increase low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations. In addition, limiting caffeinated coffee intake during pregnancy seems a prudent choice. However, evidence has been accumulating that frequent consumption of coffee may reduce risk of type 2 diabetes and liver cancer. Further experimental studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and possibly identify the components in coffee that are responsible for these putative effects. In sum, the currently available evidence on coffee and risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer is largely reassuring, and suggests that, for the general population, addressing other health-related behaviors has priority for the prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob M van Dam
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Gomaa AI, Khan SA, Toledano MB, Waked I, Taylor-Robinson SD. Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology, risk factors and pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2008. [PMID: 18666317 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v14.i27.4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignant cancer of the liver in the world. Given that the burden of chronic liver disease is expected to rise owing to increasing rates of alcoholism, hepatitis B and C prevalence and obesity-related fatty liver disease, it is expected that the incidence of HCC will also increase in the foreseeable future. This article summarizes the international epidemiology, the risk factors and the pathogenesis of HCC, including the roles of viral hepatitis, toxins, such as alcohol and aflatoxin, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa-Ibrahim Gomaa
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
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Tao KS, Wang W, Wang L, Cao DY, Li YQ, Wu SX, Dou KF. The multifaceted mechanisms for coffee’s anti-tumorigenic effect on liver. Med Hypotheses 2008; 71:730-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Coffee intake and risk of incident diabetes in Puerto Rican men: results from the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program. Public Health Nutr 2008; 12:842-8. [PMID: 18775084 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980008003303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study prospectively the association of coffee intake with incident diabetes in the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program cohort, comprising 9824 middle-aged men (aged 35-79 years). METHODS Of 9824 men, 3869 did not provide a fasting blood sample at baseline, 1095 had prevalent diabetes and 131 were not given fasting glucose tests at any subsequent study visit. Thus, the present analysis includes 4685 participants. Diabetes was ascertained at baseline and at two study visits between 1968 and 1975 using fasting glucose tests and self-reports of physician-diagnosed diabetes or use of insulin or hypoglycaemic medication. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of coffee intake with risk of incident diabetes while adjusting for covariates (age, BMI, physical activity, smoking, education, alcohol intake, family history of diabetes, intakes of milk and sugar). RESULTS Five hundred and nineteen participants met the criteria for incident diabetes. Compared with those reporting intake of 1-2 servings of coffee/d, coffee abstainers were at reduced risk (OR = 0.64; 95 % CI 0.43, 0.94). Among coffee drinkers, there was a significant trend of decreasing risk by intake (P = 0.02); intake of >/=4 servings/d was associated with an odds ratio of 0.75 (95 % CI 0.58, 0.97). CONCLUSIONS Study findings support a protective effect of coffee intake on diabetes risk, while also suggesting that abstainers may be at reduced risk.
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Gomaa AI, Khan SA, Toledano MB, Waked I, Taylor-Robinson SD. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology, risk factors and pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:4300-8. [PMID: 18666317 PMCID: PMC2731180 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignant cancer of the liver in the world. Given that the burden of chronic liver disease is expected to rise owing to increasing rates of alcoholism, hepatitis B and C prevalence and obesity-related fatty liver disease, it is expected that the incidence of HCC will also increase in the foreseeable future. This article summarizes the international epidemiology, the risk factors and the pathogenesis of HCC, including the roles of viral hepatitis, toxins, such as alcohol and aflatoxin, and insulin resistance.
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Abstract
The present paper explores the level of evidence required to justify giving dietary advice to the public. There are important practical differences between the development of public health nutrition guidelines and guidelines for clinical practice. While the gold standard for evidence for clinical practice guidelines is a meta-analysis of a number of randomised controlled trials, this is often unrealistic and sometimes unethical for the evaluation of public health nutrition interventions. Hence, epidemiological studies make up the bulk of evidence for nutrition guidelines. Tea and coffee are an interesting case study in relation to this issue. They are two of the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide, yet there is little dietary advice on their use. The evidence for a relationship between coffee or tea consumption and several diseases is discussed. The available studies, predominantly epidemiological, together with animal and in vitro studies, indicate that coffee and tea are both safe beverages. However, tea is the healthier option because it has a possible role in the prevention of several cancers and CVD. While the evidence for such relationships is not strong, the public will continue to drink both tea and coffee, and will continue to ask nutritionists to make recommendations. It is therefore argued that advice should be given on the best available data, as waiting for complete data to become available could have severe consequences for public health.
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Induction of Nrf2-mediated cellular defenses and alteration of phase I activities as mechanisms of chemoprotective effects of coffee in the liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 46:1239-48. [PMID: 17976884 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coffee consumption has been associated with a significant decrease in the risk of developing chronic diseases such as Parkinson disease, diabetes type-2 and several types of cancers (e.g. colon, liver). In the present study, a coffee-dependent induction of enzymes involved in xenobiotic detoxification processes was observed in rat liver and primary hepatocytes. In addition, coffee was found to induce the mRNA and protein expression of enzymes involved in cellular antioxidant defenses. These inductions were correlated with the activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor as shown using an ARE-reporter luciferase assay. The induction of detoxifying enzymes GSTs and AKR is compatible with a protection against both genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). This hypothesis was confirmed in in vitro and ex vivo test systems, where coffee reduced both AFB1-DNA and protein adducts. Interestingly, coffee was also found to inhibit cytochrome CYP1A1/2, indicating that other mechanisms different from a stimulation of detoxification may also play a significant role in the chemoprotective effects of coffee. Further investigations in either human liver cell line and primary hepatocytes indicated that the chemoprotective effects of coffee against AFB1 genotoxicity are likely to be of relevance for humans. These data strongly suggest that coffee may protect against the adverse effects of AFB1. In addition, the coffee-mediated stimulation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway resulting in increased endogenous defense mechanisms against electrophilic but also oxidative insults further support that coffee may be associated with a protection against various types of chemical stresses.
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Bravi F, Bosetti C, Tavani A, Bagnardi V, Gallus S, Negri E, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. Coffee drinking and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis. Hepatology 2007; 46:430-5. [PMID: 17580359 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several studies suggest an inverse relation between coffee drinking and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted a meta-analysis of published studies on HCC that included quantitative information on coffee consumption. Ten studies were retrieved (2,260 HCC cases), including 6 case-control studies from southern Europe and Japan (1551 cases) and 4 cohort studies from Japan (709 cases). The summary relative risk (RR) for coffee drinkers versus non-drinkers was 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38-0.76) for case-control studies and 0.64 (95% CI 0.56-0.74) for cohort studies. The overall RR was 0.59 (95% CI 0.49-0.72), with significant heterogeneity between studies. The overall summary RR for low or moderate coffee drinkers was 0.70 (95% CI 0.57-0.85), and that for high drinkers was 0.45 (95% CI 0.38-0.53). The summary RR for an increase of 1 cup of coffee per day was 0.77 (95% CI 0.72-0.83) from case-control studies, 0.75 (95% CI 0.65-0.85) from cohort studies, and 0.77 (95% CI 0.72-0.82) overall. The consistency of an inverse relation between coffee drinking and HCC across study design and geographic areas weighs against a major role of bias or confounding. Coffee drinking has also been related to reduced risk of other liver diseases, thus suggesting a continuum of the favorable effect of coffee on liver function. However, subjects with liver conditions may selectively reduce their coffee consumption. CONCLUSION The present analysis provides evidence that the inverse relation between coffee and HCC is real, though inference on causality remains open to discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bravi
- Laboratorio di Epidemiologia, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
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Lodato F, Mazzella G, Festi D, Azzaroli F, Colecchia A, Roda E. Hepatocellular carcinoma prevention: A worldwide emergence between the opulence of developed countries and the economic constraints of developing nations. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:7239-49. [PMID: 17143937 PMCID: PMC4087479 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i45.7239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common neoplasm, the major cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis, and the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. The geographic distribution of HCC varies significantly and 80% of cases occur in developing countries (Far East and South Asia) where the prevalence of viral hepatitis is higher. The treatment of HCC is difficult because most patients are diagnosed when the tumour is in an advanced stage and is not amenable to potential curative therapy, thus prevention is the key to reducing HCC and its related morbidity and mortality. HCC is unique among cancers, occurring mostly in patients with a known risk factor. Ninety percent of HCCs develop in the context of chronic liver diseases and mainly in patients with cirrhosis. Viral hepatitis is the most common cause of HCC worldwide, followed by alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and other causes such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), genetic haemocromatosis (GH) and primary biliary cirrhosis in an advanced stage (III-V). In certain areas of the People’s Republic of China, exposure to aflatoxin and HBV infection are thought to be responsible for the extraordinary high risk of HCC. Substantial progresses in the prevention of virusl-related hepatitis (screening of blood units, use of disposable sanitary tools, HBV vaccination) have been achieved in developed countries, but in the same areas, alcohol- and dysmetabolism-related HCCs are emerging problems which require specific interventions in terms of public health measures. In developing countries, economic constraints limit the development of any program for the prevention of viral hepatitis transmission (including health education campaigns, healthcare politics, primary prevention and the improvement of hygienic and sanitary conditions). When viral liver disease is established, only a minority of patients are treated worldwide and benefit a possible preventive effect of medical treatment on HCC development. Thus the real contribution of medical treatment to HCC prevention in patients with chronic viral hepatitis is small. Great efforts are needed to identify more effective medical measures for primary and secondary prevention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lodato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, UO di Gastroenterologia, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna 40138, Italy.
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Abstract
Coffee is a complex mixture of chemicals that provides significant amounts of chlorogenic acid and caffeine. Unfiltered coffee is a significant source of cafestol and kahweol, which are diterpenes that have been implicated in the cholesterol-raising effects of coffee. The results of epidemiological research suggest that coffee consumption may help prevent several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's disease and liver disease (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). Most prospective cohort studies have not found coffee consumption to be associated with significantly increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, coffee consumption is associated with increases in several cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure and plasma homocysteine. At present, there is little evidence that coffee consumption increases the risk of cancer. For adults consuming moderate amounts of coffee (3-4 cups/d providing 300-400 mg/d of caffeine), there is little evidence of health risks and some evidence of health benefits. However, some groups, including people with hypertension, children, adolescents, and the elderly, may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of caffeine. In addition, currently available evidence suggests that it may be prudent for pregnant women to limit coffee consumption to 3 cups/d providing no more than 300 mg/d of caffeine to exclude any increased probability of spontaneous abortion or impaired fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane V Higdon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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van Dam RM. Coffee and type 2 diabetes: from beans to beta-cells. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2006; 16:69-77. [PMID: 16399494 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Revised: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 10/09/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coffee consumption has been associated with improved glucose tolerance and a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in diverse populations in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. This review discusses the strength of the evidence, relevant mechanisms, possible implications, and directions for further research. The finding that higher consumption of decaffeinated coffee was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes suggests that coffee constituents other than caffeine play a role. Coffee is a source of several compounds that improved glucose metabolism in animal studies, including the chlorogenic acids and lignans. Further research on phytochemicals in coffee may lead to the identification of novel mechanisms for effects of diet on the development of type 2 diabetes. In addition, knowledge on effects of coffee components may aid in the development or selection of types of coffee with improved health effects. Longer-term randomized intervention studies that test the effects of coffee consumption on glucose tolerance are warranted. Physical activity and weight management should be the mainstay of public health strategies to prevent type 2 diabetes. For individual choices regarding coffee consumption, potential effects of coffee on various health outcomes should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M van Dam
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 2, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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