• Behçet syndrome
• Cholesterol, HDL
• Cohort studies
• Dyslipidemias
• Risk factors

• Humans
• Behcet Syndrome/blood
• Behcet Syndrome/epidemiology
• Male
• Female
• Republic of Korea/epidemiology
• Adult
• Cholesterol, HDL/blood
• Middle Aged
• Risk Factors
• Prospective Studies
• Cholesterol/blood
• Triglycerides/blood
• Cholesterol, LDL/blood
• Incidence

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Middle Aged
• Republic of Korea/epidemiology
• Adult
• Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology
• Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/physiopathology
• Cohort Studies
• Risk Factors
• Aged
• Lung/physiopathology
• Incidence
• Spirometry
• Respiratory Function Tests
• Forced Expiratory Volume

• Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea

• COPD
• asthma
• chronic inflammatory diseases
• dermatomyositis
• granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
• lupus
• nicotine dependence
• pyoderma gangrenosum

• Fibroid
• Myomectomy
• Nationwide population study
• Psoriasis
• Uterine leiomyomatosis

• Humans
• Female
• Adult
• Republic of Korea/epidemiology
• Leiomyomatosis/epidemiology
• Leiomyomatosis/complications
• Psoriasis/epidemiology
• Uterine Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Uterine Neoplasms/complications
• Incidence
• Young Adult
• Risk Factors

• 2018R1D1A1B07044100 National Research Foundation of Korea

• Crohn's disease
• Inflammatory bowel diseases
• smoking cessation
• ulcerative colitis

• Humans
• Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology
• Colitis, Ulcerative/etiology
• Adult
• Male
• Female
• Smoking/adverse effects
• Smoking/epidemiology
• Risk Factors
• Young Adult
• Ex-Smokers/statistics & numerical data
• Republic of Korea/epidemiology
• Proportional Hazards Models
• Age of Onset
• Crohn Disease/epidemiology
• Crohn Disease/etiology

• 14-2023-0028 Seoul National University Bundang Hospital

• Crohn’s disease
• Maternal smoking
• ulcerative colitis

• Humans
• Crohn Disease/genetics
• Crohn Disease/epidemiology
• Female
• Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics
• Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease
• Pregnancy
• Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/epidemiology
• Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/genetics
• Prospective Studies
• Male
• Smoking/adverse effects
• Smoking/epidemiology
• Adult
• Middle Aged
• Risk Factors
• United Kingdom/epidemiology
• Proportional Hazards Models

• 82003408 National Natural Science Foundation of China

• Complications
• Diabetes mellitus, type 2
• Fractures
• Smoking

• Adult
• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Middle Aged
• Risk Factors
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
• Cohort Studies
• Smoking/adverse effects
• Smoking/epidemiology
• Hip Fractures/epidemiology
• Hip Fractures/etiology

• 2021R1A2C2013890 National Research Foundation of Korea
• Ministry of Science and ICT

• Crohn's Disease
• Fracture
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Risk
• Ulcerative Colitis

• Middle Aged
• Humans
• Aged
• Adult
• Cohort Studies
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications
• Fractures, Bone/epidemiology
• Fractures, Bone/etiology
• Colitis, Ulcerative/complications
• Spinal Fractures/epidemiology
• Spinal Fractures/etiology
• Obesity
• Hypertension
• Republic of Korea/epidemiology

• 2020R1I1A1A01070322 National Research Foundation of Korea

• Environment
• Epigenome
• Genetics
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Methylome

• Adult
• Child
• Humans
• Epigenome
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/genetics
• Genome
• Epigenesis, Genetic

• Wellcome Trust

• Mendelian randomization
• alcohol consumption
• epidemiology
• gastrointestinal diseases
• genetics
• genomics
• global health
• none
• smoking

• Humans
• Mendelian Randomization Analysis
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease
• Duodenal Ulcer
• Smoking/adverse effects
• Smoking/genetics
• Alcohol Drinking/genetics
• Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects
• Esophageal Neoplasms
• Liver Diseases, Alcoholic
• Gastritis
• Pancreatitis, Chronic
• Genome-Wide Association Study
• Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

• 204623/Z/16/Z Wellcome Trust
• MC_UU_00002/7 Medical Research Council
• National Natural Science Foundation of China
• Key Project of Research and Development Plan of Hunan Province
• Hjärt-Lungfonden
• Vetenskapsrådet
• Cancerfonden
• Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Zhejiang Province

• case–control study
• drinking habits
• smoking habits
• ulcerative colitis

• Colorectal neoplasms
• Ferritins
• Incidence

• Humans
• Young Adult
• Cohort Studies
• Ferritins
• Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
• Republic of Korea/epidemiology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Risk Factors

• Parkinson’s disease
• claims data
• dementia
• depression
• inflammatory bowel disease

Smoking or weight loss is a risk of tuberculosis (TB) development. However, the impact of weight change after smoking cessation on the occurrence of TB remains elusive. We aimed to determine the relationship between weight change after smoking cessation and the risk of TB development.

We conducted a population-based cohort study using the national database in Republic of Korea. Of the 10,490,491 subjects who underwent health check-up in 2009, we enrolled 9,953,124 subjects without a previous TB history and followed them until 2017. We divided all study participants into the following three groups: never, former, and current smokers. The primary endpoint was newly developed TB.

Among 9,953,124 subjects analyzed, 5,922,845 (59.5%) were never smokers, 1,428,209 (14.4%) were former smokers, and 2,602,080 (26.1%) were current smokers. The risk of TB development was significantly higher in current smokers than in never smokers (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.158; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.131–1.186). Among current smokers, individuals who stopped smoking and maintained weight after baseline evaluation had a significantly lower risk of TB development compared with those who continued to smoke (aHR 0.771; 95% CI 0.741–0.892). However, even after smoking cessation, individuals who lost weight were at a significantly higher risk of TB development compared with those who continued to smoke (aHR 1.327; 95% CI 1.119–1.715).

Our findings suggest that smoking is a risk factor for TB and weight maintenance (neither gaining or losing) after quitting smoking might reduce the risk of TB development.

• Cohort Studies
• Humans
• Risk Factors
• Smokers
• Smoking Cessation
• Tuberculosis/epidemiology

• Ministry of Health and Welfare

• Case-control studies
• Passive smoking
• Risk
• Smoking
• Ulcerative colitis

Although cigarette smoking is the most significant risk factor for laryngeal cancer, other risk factors might also be associated with the development of laryngeal cancer. We investigated whether underweight and type 2 diabetes are associated with laryngeal cancer in a Korean population.

A total of 9,957,059 participants (≥20 years) without prior history of cancer who underwent a National Health Insurance Service health checkup in 2009 were followed up until December 31, 2018. Newly diagnosed laryngeal cancer was identified using claim data, and underweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m². A Cox proportional-hazards models with multivariable adjustment were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

During the median follow-up period of 8.3 years, 3504 cases of laryngeal cancer occurred. Underweight was associated with increased risk of laryngeal cancer after adjusting for potential confounders (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.22–1.69) compared to those who were not underweight. Underweight and type 2 diabetes were synergistically associated with higher risk of laryngeal cancer (HR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.54–3.51), compared to those without either condition. This relationship was stronger in those with an age < 65 years (HR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.88–5.87) and alcohol consumption (HR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.64–4.53).

These results suggest that underweight may be a significant risk factor for laryngeal cancer and that underweight and type 2 diabetes might synergistically increase the risk of laryngeal cancer.

• Body mass index
• Cohort
• Diabetes mellitus
• Laryngeal cancer
• Risk factors
• Type 2 diabetes
• Underweight

We investigated the association between lung function and atrial fibrillation (AF) in 21,349 adults without AF aged ≥ 40 years who underwent spirometry. The study participants were enrolled from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey between 2008 and 2016. The primary outcome was new-onset non-valvular AF identified from the National Health Insurance Service database. During the median follow-up of 6.5 years, 2.15% of participants developed new-onset AF. The incidence rate of AF per 1000 person-years was inversely related to the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV₁/FVC quartile. After adjustment for multiple variables, the AF risk in the lowest FEV₁ quartile was 1.64-fold higher than that in the highest quartile (hazard ratio (HR) 1.64 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–2.12) for lowest FEV₁ quartile). The lowest quartile of FVC had 1.56-fold higher AF risk than the highest quartile (HR 1.56 (95% CI 1.18–2.08) for lowest FVC quartile). Although the lowest FEV₁/FVC quartile was associated with an increased risk of AF in the unadjusted model, this increased risk was not statistically significant in the multivariable analysis. Compared to those with normal lung function, participants with restrictive or obstructive lung function had 1.49 and 1.42-fold higher AF risks, respectively. In this large nationwide cohort study, both obstructive and restrictive patterns of reduced lung function were significantly associated with increased AF risk.

Background: It is unclear whether the presence of minimal lung function impairment is an independent risk factor for the development of lung cancer in general populations. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study using nationally representative data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Results: Of 20,553 participants, 169 were diagnosed with lung cancer during follow-up (median, 6.5 years). Participants with obstructive lung function impairment had increased risk of lung cancer (aHR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.729–3.629) compared with those with normal lung function. The lower was the quartile or decile of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or the FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio, the significantly higher was the incidence rate of lung cancer (p for trend < 0.0001). With FEV1 values in the lowest quartile (Q4), the incidence of lung cancer was significantly increased regardless of FVC (FEV1 Q4 and FVC values in the higher three quartiles Q1–3: aHR 1.754; 95% CI 1.084–2.847, FEV1 Q4 and FVC Q4: aHR 1.889; 95% CI 1.331–2.681). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that minimal lung function impairment, as expressed by lower FEV1 or FEV1/FVC value, may be associated with increased risk of lung cancer

• (R)-BMB
• Butyrilcholinesterase
• Inflammation
• Ulcerative colitis
• p-STAT3
• β2AR

• Animals
• Colitis/chemically induced
• Colitis/drug therapy
• Colitis/metabolism
• Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced
• Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy
• Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism
• Colon/pathology
• Dextran Sulfate/pharmacology
• Disease Models, Animal
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Signal Transduction
• Terbutaline/analogs & derivatives

Background and study aims

Currently, there are no studies conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) that have assessed the relationship between ulcerative colitis (UC) flare-ups and smoking. The present study aims to assess the risk of UC flare-ups and evaluate the relationship between UC flare-ups and smoking in adult patients following up at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, KSA.

Patients and methods

This was a retrospective study involving patients with confirmed UC between January 2015 and December 2020. Various information was examined, including demographic, clinical, endoscopic, radiologic, and laboratory data. Descriptive statistics were used for summarizing findings and a logistic regression analysis was applied to test for possible associations.

Results

Eighty-nine patients with UC were included in the study. Almost half (48.3%) had recurrent UC flare-ups during follow-up. A non-significant relationship was found between recurrent UC flares and all types of smoking habits (cigarette smoking, P = 0.15; shisha smoking, P = 0.88; and vape smoking, P = 0.09). Participants who were underweight (P = 0.041), had family history of UC (P = 0.013), depression (P = 0.033), fecal incontinence (P = 0.003), iron deficiency anemia (P = 0.009), or a malignancy (P = 0.039) had a significantly higher probability of experiencing recurrent flares. Binary logistic regressions revealed that family history of UC (OR = 5.3, P = 0.007) and fecal incontinence (OR = 4.7, P = 0.006) were associated significantly with recurrent flares.

Conclusion

There was no clear association between smoking and recurrent UC flares identified in this cohort. Of the variables considered, UC patients with fecal incontinence or family history of UC were at the highest risk of developing recurrent flares.

• flares
• risk
• saudi arabia
• smoking
• ulcerative colitis

• Crohn’s disease
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• ethnic groups
• risk factors
• smoking
• ulcerative colitis

• Autoimmunity
• Inflammation
• Lung
• Skin

• Colitis, Ulcerative/complications
• Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology
• Crohn Disease/complications
• Crohn Disease/epidemiology
• Humans
• Incidence
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
• Republic of Korea/epidemiology
• Risk Factors

• Crohn’s disease
• claims data
• incidence
• proteinuria

• Crohn’s disease
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Periodontitis
• Smoking
• Ulcerative colitis

• Adult
• Aged
• Cohort Studies
• Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis
• Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology
• Crohn Disease
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Periodontitis/epidemiology
• Risk Factors
• Smoking/adverse effects

The level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is positively associated with intraocular pressure. Diabetes causes early structural changes of retina, especially on ganglion cell layer. In this regard, the FPG level itself may also show an independent association with open angle glaucoma (OAG) development in general population. Herein, we investigate the association of the FPG level with the incidence of OAG.

Using nationally representative data from the Korean National Health Insurance System, 374,376 subjects ≥40 years of age without OAG who underwent health examinations from 2009 to 2013 were enrolled and followed to the end of 2014. Incident cases of OAG using the International Classification of Diseases 10 codes and medication information were analyzed based on the levels of FPG.

Subjects with the highest FPG level (≥160 mg/dL), compared with the lowest level (<80 mg/dL), showed a higher hazard ratio (HR) [2.189; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.779–2.695; P for trend < 0.001] for OAG after adjustments for age and sex. This result persisted after further adjustments for the presence of type 2 diabetes, current smoking, drinking, and exercise habits, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and total cholesterol level (HR: 1.588; 95% CI: 1.268–1.989; P for trend < 0.001). The positive association between the FPG level and the incidence of OAG was distinct in subjects 40–64 years of age, those with a BMI <25 kg/m², and those without hypertension (HR 2.022; 95% CI: 1.494–2.736; P for trend <0.001: HR 1.817; 95% CI: 1.372–2.407; P for trend < 0.001: HR 1.706; 95% CI: 1.180–2.467; P for trend <0.001, respectively).

This nationwide population-based cohort study showed that the fasting glucose was associated with an increased risk of OAG. These findings suggest that subjects with high FPG levels require special attention when screening for glaucoma.

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Blood Glucose/metabolism
• Body Mass Index
• Cohort Studies
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
• Female
• Glaucoma, Open-Angle/blood
• Glaucoma, Open-Angle/epidemiology
• Glaucoma, Open-Angle/etiology
• Humans
• Hypertension/complications
• Incidence
• Intraocular Pressure
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Republic of Korea/epidemiology
• Risk Factors

• Ministry of Education (KR)

The association between cigarette smoking and the risk of developing malignant glioma (MG) remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate this potential association in a large general population, using a well-established and validated longitudinal nationwide database. Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance System cohort, 9,811,768 people over 20 years old without any cancer history in 2009 were followed until the end of 2017. We documented 6100 MG cases (ICD-10 code C71) during the median follow-up period of 7.31 years. Current smokers had a higher risk of developing MG (HR = 1.22, CI: 1.13–1.32) compared with never-smokers, after adjusting for confounders. This association was stronger for those who smoked ≥ 20 cigarettes daily (HR = 1.50, CI: 1.36–1.64). Furthermore, having 30 or more pack-years of smoking over the course of one’s lifetime was associated with an increased risk of developing MG in a dose-dependent manner, compared with never-smokers (HR = 1.31, CI: 1.16–1.48 for 30–39 pack-years of smoking; HR = 1.36, CI: 1.17–1.59 for 40–49 pack-years of smoking; HR = 1.68; CI: 1.44–1.95 for ≥ 50 pack-years of smoking). These results suggest that cigarette smoking may be associated with developing MG. Further prospective studies could help elucidate this association.

• epidemiologic studies
• glioma
• population
• risk factors
• smoking

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in Asia. Numerous risk factors associated with IBD development have been investigated.

To investigate trends and environmental risk factors of Crohn’s disease (CD) diagnosed in persons aged ≥ 40 years in South Korea.

Using the National Health Insurance Service database, a total of 14060821 persons aged > 40 years who underwent national health screening in 2009 were followed up until December 2017. Patients with newly diagnosed CD were enrolled and compared with non-CD cohort. CD was identified according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision and the rare/intractable disease registration program codes from the National Health Insurance Service database. The mean follow-up periods was 7.39 years. Age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, body mass index, anemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dyslipidemia were adjusted for in the multivariate analysis model.

During the follow-up, 1337 (1.33/100000) patients developed CD. Men in the middle-aged group (40-64 years) had a higher risk than women [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29-1.66]; however, this difference tended to disappear as the age of onset increases. In the middle-aged group, patients with a history of smoking [aHR 1.46, 95%CI: 1.19-1.79) and anemia (aHR 1.85, 95%CI: 1.55-2.20) had a significantly higher CD risk. In the elderly group (age, ≥ 65 years), ex-smoking and anemia also increased the CD risk (aHR 1.68, 95%CI: 1.22-2.30) and 1.84 (95%CI: 1.47-2.30, respectively). Especially in the middle-aged group, those with CKD had a statistically elevated CD risk (aHR 1.37, 95%CI: 1.05-1.79). Alcohol consumption and higher body mass index showed negative association trend with CD incidence in both of the age groups. [Middle-aged: aHR 0.77 (95%CI: 0.66-0.89) and aHR 0.73 (95%CI: 0.63-0.84), respectively] [Elderly-group: aHR 0.57 (95%CI: 0.42-0.78) and aHR 0.84 (95%CI 0.67-1.04), respectively]. For regular physical activity and dyslipidemia, negative correlation between CD incidences was proved only in the middle-aged group [aHR 0.88 (95%CI: 0.77-0.89) and aHR 0.81 (95%CI: 0.68-0.96), respectively].

History of cigarette smoking, anemia, underweight and CKD are possible risk factors for CD in Asians aged > 40 years.

• Crohn’s disease
• Aged
• Environmental
• Risk factors
• Epidemiology
• Nationwide cohort

• Adult
• Age Factors
• Age of Onset
• Aged
• Anemia/complications
• Anemia/epidemiology
• Cigarette Smoking/adverse effects
• Cigarette Smoking/epidemiology
• Crohn Disease/epidemiology
• Crohn Disease/etiology
• Databases, Factual
• Female
• Humans
• Incidence
• Male
• Middle Aged
• National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data
• Proportional Hazards Models
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology
• Republic of Korea/epidemiology
• Retrospective Studies
• Risk Factors
• Thinness/complications
• Thinness/epidemiology

Background and Aims: It is not known whether inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) enhances the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) or whether PD diagnosis is the result of increased health care use. We determined the risk of developing PD among patients with IBD in terms of health care and medication use. Methods: A nationwide population-based study was conducted using claims data from the Korean National Health care Insurance service. From 2010 to 2013, patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified through both International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) and national rare intractable disease (RID) registration program codes. We compared 38,861 IBD patients with age and sex-matched non-IBD individuals at a ratio of 1:3. Patients with newly diagnosed PD were identified through both ICD-10 and RID codes. Results: The incidence of PD among patients with IBD was 49 per 100,000 person-years. The risk of developing PD in patients with IBD was significantly higher than controls even after adjustment for health care use (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.87; P < 0.001). Compared to controls, the risk of PD was significantly higher in patients with CD (aHR, 2.23; P = 0.023) and UC (aHR, 1.85; P < 0.001). Corticosteroid use showed a preventive effect on developing PD in patients with CD (aHR 0.08; P < 0.001), but not UC (aHR, 0.75; P = 0.213). Among 2110 patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF), none of the treated patients experienced PD during 9950 person-years. Conclusion: Patients with IBD are at an increased risk of PD, regardless of health care use. Corticosteroid and anti-TNF use may prevent PD in patients with IBD.

• Claims data
• Crohn’s disease
• Parkinson’s disease
• inflammatory bowel disease
• ulcerative colitis