• F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose
• atezolizumab plus bevacizumab
• hepatocellular carcinoma
• positron emission tomography
• prognosis

• Humans
• Bevacizumab/therapeutic use
• Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Liver Neoplasms/pathology
• Male
• Female
• Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
• Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
• Middle Aged
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnostic imaging
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
• Aged
• Retrospective Studies
• Prognosis
• Tumor Burden/drug effects
• Adult

• 18F-FAPI; PET
• CT
• Hepatocellular carcinoma, Fibroblast activation protein

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnostic imaging
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
• Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
• Gallium Radioisotopes
• Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Liver Neoplasms/therapy
• Lymphatic Metastasis
• Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
• Prospective Studies

• No.82101994 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• No. IIT-2022-015(HYX) Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University Clinical Research 5555 Program
• Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University Clinical Research 5555 Program

• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnostic imaging
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
• Female
• Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/metabolism
• Glycolysis
• Humans
• Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
• Prognosis
• Retrospective Studies
• Tumor Burden
• Yttrium Radioisotopes/therapeutic use

We evaluated the predictive value of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) for extended pathological T (pT) stages (≥ pT3a) in Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients at staging. Thirty-eight RCC patients who underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT at staging, followed by radical nephrectomy between September 2016 and September 2018, were included in this prospective study. Patients were classified into two groups (limited pT stage: stage T1/2, n = 17; extended pT stage: T3/4, n = 21). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify clinicopathological and metabolic variables to predict extended pT stages. ¹⁸F-FDG metabolic parameters were compared in relation to International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). In univariate analysis, maximum standardised uptake value, metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and ISUP grade were significant. In multivariate analysis, MTV was the only significant factor of extended pT stages. With a cut-off MTV of 21.2, an area under the curve was 0.944, which was higher than 0.824 for clinical T stages (p = 0.037). In addition, high MTV, but not tumour size, was significantly correlated with aggressive pathologic features (ISUP grade and LVI). High glycolytic tumour volume on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in RCC patients at staging is predictive of extended pT stages which could aid decision-making regarding the best type of surgery.

• 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG)
• Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
• Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)
• Prognosis

• Adult
• Aged
• Female
• Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/pharmacokinetics
• Follow-Up Studies
• Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid/diagnostic imaging
• Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid/mortality
• Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid/pathology
• Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid/therapy
• Humans
• Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Liver Neoplasms/mortality
• Liver Neoplasms/pathology
• Liver Neoplasms/therapy
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
• Prognosis
• ROC Curve
• Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics
• Tumor Burden

• 81701730 National Natural Science Foundation of China

The present study analyzed the ability of metabolic burden indices from ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to predict tumor recurrence following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Seven major metabolic indices were measured by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in 93 patients with HCC, prior to OLT. The Mann-Whitney U test was then used to predict the association of metabolic indices, including the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), tumor-to-mediastinum SUV ratio, tumor-to-normal-liver SUV ratio, SUV normalized to lean body mass metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and uptake-volume product (UVP), with the recurrence risk. The Deauville-like scoring system was used to quantify the recurrence risk. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression models were performed to determine survival rate. The results showed that Deauville-like score (PET-negative vs. -positive), MTV (cutoff value, 13.36), TLG (cutoff value, 62.21) and UVP (cutoff value, 66.60) had high prediction performance for tumor recurrence (P<0.05). TLG had the highest receiver operating characteristics area under the curve of 0.725. Among the clinical factors, high level of α-fetoprotein (AFP, ≥144 ng/ml), Milan criteria, tumor number (>3), involvement of both right and left lobes, and tumor size (>5 cm) were found to be significant predictors of tumor recurrence. Patients in the low metabolic group had longer recurrence-free survival (RFS) times compared with those in the high metabolic group, regardless of whether they met the Milan criteria or not. AFP, uptake-volume product according the SUV mean of mediastinum (UVP-M), Milan criteria, lymph node metastasis, and the number of tumors were significant prognostic factors for RFS (P<0.05) in both univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Additionally, the MVI was a significant prognostic factor based on univariate survival analyses. Overall, the present study demonstrated the metabolic burden indices measured by PET/CT, Deauville-like score, MTV, TLG and UVP as significant prognostic factors in patients with HCC following OLT. The combination of metabolic indices measured by PET/CT and the existing criteria, such as the Milan criteria, may play an important role in evaluating the suitability of OLT in specific patients.

• HCC
• OLT
• PET/CT
• metabolic indices
• prognosis

We examined the prognostic values of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) parameters from colon, non-colon, and total lesions in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the colon. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in 50 patients was retrospectively analyzed for maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). During follow-up, 13 patients showed progression and 9 died from disease. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed that non-colon and total lesion MTV and TLG and colon lesion SUVmax were associated with progression or death. Significant univariate predictors of poor event-free survival (EFS) included stage III-IV, greater International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, no resection, high non-colon lesion SUVmax, MTV and TLG, and high total lesion MTV and TLG. Univariate predictors of poor overall survival (OS) included stage III–IV, greater IPI score, no resection, high non-colon lesion MTV and TLG, high total lesion MTV, and low colon lesion SUVmax. Multivariate analysis revealed that high non-colon lesion TLG was independently associated with poor EFS and OS. Low colon lesion SUVmax was also independently associated with poor OS. In a subgroup with colon-dominant involvement (n = 35), non-colon lesion MTV and TLG were associated with events and non-colon lesion MTV was associated with patient death. Univariate analysis showed that high non-colon lesion MTV was a significant predictor of poor EFS and OS, while non-colon lesion TLG was a significant predictor of poor OS. Thus, volumetric FDG parameters of non-colon lesions offered significant prognostic information in patients with DLBCL of the colon.

The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of 2-Deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) uptake of bone marrow (BM) and metabolic parameters of primary tumor on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for predicting distant recurrence in patients with breast cancer.

Pretreatment [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT images of 345 breast cancer patients were retrospectively evaluated. Maximum standardized uptake value, metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of primary breast cancer and bone marrow-to-liver uptake ratio (BLR) on PET/CT were measured. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the prognostic potential of parameters for predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant RFS. For Kaplan-Meier analysis, the specific cutoff values pf BLR and TLG were determined by the maximal chi-square method.

The median follow-up duration of the enrolled patients was 48.7 months, and during follow-up, 36 patients (10.4%) experienced the cancer recurrence. BLR was significantly correlated with T stage, serum inflammatory markers, and recurrence pattern (p < 0.05). Patients with high BLR and TLG showed worse RFS and distant RFS than those with low BLR and TLG. On multivariate analysis, BLR was significantly associated with both RFS and distant RFS after adjusting for T stage, estrogen receptor status, and TLG (p = 0.001 for both). Only 0.5% of patients with TLG < 9.64 g and BLR < 0.91 experienced distant recurrence. However, patients with TLG ≥ 9.64 g and BLR ≥ 0.91 had a distant recurrence rate of 40.7%.

BLR on pretreatment [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT were significant predictors for RFS and distant RFS in patients with breast cancer. By combining [¹⁸F]FDG uptake of BM and volumetric PET/CT index of breast cancer, the risk of distant recurrence could be stratified.

• Bone marrow
• Breast cancer
• Fluorodeoxyglucose F-18
• Positron emission tomography
• Prognosis

• hepatocellular carcinoma
• liposomes
• microwave ablation
• optoacoustic tomography imaging
• theranostics

• Animals
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
• Doxorubicin/analogs & derivatives
• Doxorubicin/chemistry
• Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
• Female
• Hep G2 Cells
• Humans
• In Vitro Techniques
• Liposomes/chemistry
• Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Liver Neoplasms/therapy
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred BALB C
• Mice, Nude
• Microwaves
• Photoacoustic Techniques/methods
• Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry
• Polyethylene Glycols/therapeutic use
• Theranostic Nanomedicine/methods
• Treatment Outcome

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of major causes of cancer mortality worldwide. For decades, ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has been widely used for staging, predicting prognosis, and detecting cancer recurrence in various types of malignant diseases. Due to low sensitivity of FDG PET for detecting intrahepatic HCC lesions, the clinical value of FDG PET in HCC patients has been limited. However, recent studies with diverse analytic methods have shown that FDG PET has promising role in aiding management of HCC patients. In this review, we will discuss the clinical role of FDG PET for staging, predicting prognosis, and evaluating treatment response in HCC. Further, we will focus on recent clinical studies regarding implication of volumetric FDG PET parameters, the significance of FDG uptake in HCC for selecting treatment and predicting treatment response, and the use of radiomics of FDG PET in HCC.

• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
• Positron emission tomography
• Staging
• Prognosis

• Biomarkers, Tumor
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnostic imaging
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
• Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/administration & dosage
• Humans
• Liver/diagnostic imaging
• Liver/pathology
• Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Liver Neoplasms/pathology
• Liver Neoplasms/therapy
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis
• Neoplasm Staging
• Patient Selection
• Positron-Emission Tomography/methods
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Prognosis
• Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage
• Treatment Outcome
• Tumor Burden

To investigate the relationship between glucose metabolism and glypican-3 (GPC3) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Immunohistochemical staining of pathological samples for GPC3 and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and whole-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for measuring tumour glucose uptake were performed in 55 newly diagnosed HCC patients. The maximum standard uptake value (SUV_max) and tumour-to-non-tumourous liver uptake (T/NT) ratio were used to quantify ¹⁸F-FDG uptake. In vitro¹⁸F-FDG uptake assay of GPC3-expressing HepG2 and non-GPC3-expressing RH7777 cells was used to examine the effect of GPC3 in cellular glucose metabolism. The relationships between GPC3 expression and ¹⁸F-FDG uptake, GLUT1 expression, tumour differentiation, and other clinical indicators were analysed using Spearman rank correlation, univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.

Positive GPC3 expression was observed in 67.3% of HCC patients, including 75.0% of those with well or moderately differentiated HCC and 36.4% of those with poorly differentiated HCC. There was an inverse relationship between GPC3 expression and SUV_max (Spearman correlation coefficient = -0.281, P = 0.038) and a positive relationship between GLUT1 expression and SUV_max (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.681, P < 0.001) in patients with HCC. Univariate analysis showed that two glucose metabolic parameters (SUV_max and T/NT ratio), tumour differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage were all significantly associated with GPC3 expression (P < 0.05), whereas GLUT1 expression, sex, age, tumour size, intrahepatic lesion number, and distant metastasis showed no statistical association (P > 0.05). Further multivariate analysis revealed that only the T/N ratio was significantly correlated with GPC3 expression in patients with HCC (P < 0.05). In vitro assay revealed that the uptake of ¹⁸F-FDG in GPC3-expressing HepG2 cells was significantly lower than that of non-GPC3-expressing RH7777 cells (t = -20.352, P < 0.001).

The present study demonstrated that GPC3 expression is inversely associated with glucose metabolism, suggesting that GPC3 may play a role in regulating glucose metabolism in HCC.

• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Glypican-3
• ¹⁸F-FDG
• Maximum standard uptake value
• T/NT ratio
• Glucose metabolism
• Glucose transporter 1

• Adult
• Age Factors
• Aged
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnostic imaging
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
• Female
• Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/administration & dosage
• Glucose/metabolism
• Glypicans/metabolism
• Hep G2 Cells
• Humans
• Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
• Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
• Liver Neoplasms/pathology
• Lymphatic Metastasis
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasm Staging
• Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
• Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage
• Retrospective Studies
• Sex Factors
• Young Adult