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Ungvari Z, Fekete M, Varga P, Lehoczki A, Munkácsy G, Fekete JT, Bianchini G, Ocana A, Buda A, Ungvari A, Győrffy B. Association between red and processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a comprehensive meta-analysis of prospective studies. GeroScience 2025:10.1007/s11357-025-01646-1. [PMID: 40210826 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-025-01646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/12/2025] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that red and processed meat consumption may elevate the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), yet the magnitude and consistency of this association remain debated. This meta-analysis aims to quantify the relationship between red and processed meat intake and the risk of CRC, colon cancer, and rectal cancer using the most comprehensive set of prospective studies to date. We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar databases from 1990 to November 2024, to identify relevant prospective studies examining red, processed, and total meat consumption in relation to colorectal, colon, and rectal cancer risk. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted for each study and pooled using a random-effects model to account for variability among studies. Statistical evaluation was executed using the online platform MetaAnalysisOnline.com. A total of 60 prospective studies were included. Red meat consumption was associated with a significantly increased risk of colon cancer (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.15-1.30), colorectal cancer (HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.21), and rectal cancer (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.39). Processed meat consumption showed similar associations with increased risk for colon cancer (HR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.20), colorectal cancer (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.14-1.28), and rectal cancer (HR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.05-1.30). Total meat consumption also correlated with an elevated risk of colon cancer (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.11-1.35), colorectal cancer (HR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.12-1.22), and rectal cancer (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.10-1.48). This meta-analysis provides robust evidence that high consumption of red and processed meats is significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal, colon, and rectal cancers. These findings reinforce current dietary recommendations advocating for the limitation of red and processed meat intake as part of cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral College, Health Sciences Division/Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mónika Fekete
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Jozsef Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Varga
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Jozsef Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Division, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Jozsef Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Division, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Munkácsy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H- 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Tibor Fekete
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H- 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giampaolo Bianchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Ocana
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- INTHEOS-CEU-START Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annamaria Buda
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Jozsef Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Division, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Jozsef Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Jozsef Fodor Center for Prevention and Healthy Aging, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H- 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, H- 7624, Pecs, Hungary
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Mahjourian M, Anjom-Shoae J, Mohammadi MA, Feinle-Bisset C, Sadeghi O. Associations of dietary fat types (MUFA, PUFA, SFA) and sources (animal, plant) with colorectal cancer risk: A comprehensive systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol 2025; 95:102768. [PMID: 39951860 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2025.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2025] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES While dietary fat intake has long been implicated as a risk factor for colorectal cancer, evidence from prospective cohort studies remains inconsistent. Moreover, previous meta-analyses examining the link between dietary fat intake and risk of colorectal cancer have not explored the dose-response relationships. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the dose-response associations of intakes of specific types (MUFA, PUFA and SFA) and sources (animal, plant) of dietary fat with the risk of colorectal, colon or rectal cancer. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of relevant online databases was performed to detect eligible studies until May 2023, identifying 21 prospective cohort studies with a total sample size of 2311,737 participants. The follow-up periods ranged from 7 to 19.4 years, during which 21,125 cases of colorectal, colon or rectal cancer were recorded. RESULTS Comparing extreme intake levels of total fat revealed the summary relative risk (RR) of 1.05 (95 % CI: 0.96-1.15) for colorectal cancer, 0.99 (95 % CI: 0.87-1.11) for colon cancer, and 1.09 (0.95 % CI: 0.93-1.13) for rectal cancer, indicating no significant association. Neither animal nor plant fat intake was associated with the risk of cancers. While no significant findings were also observed for MUFA or PUFA, the highest versus lowest comparison showed that a high intake of SFA was associated with a reduced risk of both colorectal 0.91 (95 % CI: 0.85-0.99) and colon cancer 0.86 (95 % CI: 0.75-0.98). However, in the non-linear dose-response analysis, the inverse association was seen within a certain range (<40 g/day). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that dietary SFA intake, less than 40 g/day, may have a protective effect against colorectal cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javad Anjom-Shoae
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Christine Feinle-Bisset
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Centre and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Pouzou JG, Zagmutt FJ. Observational Dose-Response Meta-Analysis Methods May Bias Risk Estimates at Low Consumption Levels: The Case of Meat and Colorectal Cancer. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100214. [PMID: 38521239 PMCID: PMC11061242 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational studies of foods and health are susceptible to bias, particularly from confounding between diet and other lifestyle factors. Common methods for deriving dose-response meta-analysis (DRMA) may contribute to biased or overly certain risk estimates. We used DRMA models to evaluate the empirical evidence for colorectal cancer (CRC) association with unprocessed red meat (RM) and processed meats (PM), and the consistency of this association for low and high consumers under different modeling assumptions. Using the Global Burden of Disease project's systematic reviews as a start, we compiled a data set of studies of PM with 29 cohorts contributing 23,522,676 person-years and of 23 cohorts for RM totaling 17,259,839 person-years. We fitted DRMA models to lower consumers only [consumption < United States median of PM (21 g/d) or RM (56 g/d)] and compared them with DRMA models using all consumers. To investigate impacts of model selection, we compared classical DRMA models against an empirical model for both lower consumers only and for all consumers. Finally, we assessed if the type of reference consumer (nonconsumer or mixed consumer/nonconsumer) influenced a meta-analysis of the lowest consumption arm. We found no significant association with consumption of 50 g/d RM using an empirical fit with lower consumption (relative risk [RR] 0.93 (0.8-1.02) or all consumption levels (1.04 (0.99-1.10)), while classical models showed RRs as high as 1.09 (1.00-1.18) at 50g/day. PM consumption of 20 g/d was not associated with CRC (1.01 (0.87-1.18)) when using lower consumer data, regardless of model choice. Using all consumption data resulted in association with CRC at 20g/day of PM for the empirical models (1.07 (1.02-1.12)) and with as little as 1g/day for classical models. The empirical DRMA showed nonlinear, nonmonotonic relationships for PM and RM. Nonconsumer reference groups did not affect RM (P = 0.056) or PM (P = 0.937) association with CRC in lowest consumption arms. In conclusion, classical DRMA model assumptions and inclusion of higher consumption levels influence the association between CRC and low RM and PM consumption. Furthermore, a no-risk limit of 0 g/d consumption of RM and PM is inconsistent with the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane G Pouzou
- EpiX Analytics, LLC. Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Di Y, Ding L, Gao L, Huang H. Association of meat consumption with the risk of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:782. [PMID: 37612616 PMCID: PMC10463360 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between gastrointestinal cancer and types of meat consumption, including red meat, processed meat, or a combination of both, remains disputable. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to estimate the association between meat consumption and gastrointestinal cancer risk. METHODS PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane library databases were searched systematically for eligible studies that investigated the relation between meat consumption and the risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), colorectal cancer (CRC), colon cancer (CC), rectal cancer (RC), pancreatic cancer (PC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) throughout February, 2023. The pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was assigned as an effect estimate and calculated using a random-effects model with inverse variance weighting. RESULTS Forty cohorts comprising 3,780,590 individuals were selected for the final quantitative analysis. The summary results indicated that a higher red meat consumption was associated with an increased risk of CRC (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02-1.16; P = 0.007) and CC (RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03-1.25; P = 0.011). Moreover, a higher processed meat consumption was associated with an increased risk of CRC (RR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.13-1.26; P < 0.001), CC (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.13-1.26; P < 0.001), and RC (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.08-1.42; P = 0.002). Furthermore, a higher total consumption of red and processed meat was associated with an increased risk of CRC (RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06-1.20; P < 0.001), CC (RR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.04-1.33; P = 0.012), and RC (RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04-1.39; P = 0.016). Finally, the strength of higher consumption of total red and processed meat with the risk of GC, and higher consumption of red meat with the risk of RC in subgroup of high adjusted level was lower than subgroup of moderate adjusted level, while the strength of higher consumption of processed meat with the risk of RC and HCC in subgroup of follow-up ≥ 10.0 years was higher than subgroup of follow-up < 10.0 years. CONCLUSIONS This study found that meat consumption was associated with an increased risk of CRC, CC, and RC, and dietary intervention could be considered an effective strategy in preventing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Di
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology Surgery/ Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Luying Gao
- Department of Ultrasond/Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Garcia L, Pearce M, Abbas A, Mok A, Strain T, Ali S, Crippa A, Dempsey PC, Golubic R, Kelly P, Laird Y, McNamara E, Moore S, de Sa TH, Smith AD, Wijndaele K, Woodcock J, Brage S. Non-occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality outcomes: a dose-response meta-analysis of large prospective studies. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:979-989. [PMID: 36854652 PMCID: PMC10423495 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the dose-response associations between non-occupational physical activity and several chronic disease and mortality outcomes in the general adult population. DESIGN Systematic review and cohort-level dose-response meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and reference lists of published studies. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Prospective cohort studies with (1) general population samples >10 000 adults, (2) ≥3 physical activity categories, and (3) risk measures and CIs for all-cause mortality or incident total cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, total cancer and site-specific cancers (head and neck, myeloid leukaemia, myeloma, gastric cardia, lung, liver, endometrium, colon, breast, bladder, rectum, oesophagus, prostate, kidney). RESULTS 196 articles were included, covering 94 cohorts with >30 million participants. The evidence base was largest for all-cause mortality (50 separate results; 163 415 543 person-years, 811 616 events), and incidence of cardiovascular disease (37 results; 28 884 209 person-years, 74 757 events) and cancer (31 results; 35 500 867 person-years, 185 870 events). In general, higher activity levels were associated with lower risk of all outcomes. Differences in risk were greater between 0 and 8.75 marginal metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (mMET-hours/week) (equivalent to the recommended 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity), with smaller marginal differences in risk above this level to 17.5 mMET-hours/week, beyond which additional differences were small and uncertain. Associations were stronger for all-cause (relative risk (RR) at 8.75 mMET-hours/week: 0.69, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.73) and cardiovascular disease (RR at 8.75 mMET-hours/week: 0.71, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.77) mortality than for cancer mortality (RR at 8.75 mMET-hours/week: 0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.89). If all insufficiently active individuals had achieved 8.75 mMET-hours/week, 15.7% (95% CI 13.1 to 18.2) of all premature deaths would have been averted. CONCLUSIONS Inverse non-linear dose-response associations suggest substantial protection against a range of chronic disease outcomes from small increases in non-occupational physical activity in inactive adults. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018095481.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Garcia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Matthew Pearce
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ali Abbas
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Mok
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Tessa Strain
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Ali
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessio Crippa
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rajna Golubic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yvonne Laird
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eoin McNamara
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Samuel Moore
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thiago Herick de Sa
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea D Smith
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katrien Wijndaele
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Woodcock
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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Abusal F, Aladwan M, Alomari Y, Obeidat S, Abuwardeh S, AlDahdouh H, Al-shami Q, Odat Q. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk - A meta-analysis and systematic review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 83:104254. [PMID: 36389202 PMCID: PMC9661645 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited understanding of the potential relationship between the risk of colorectal cancer and oral contraceptive use among women of different ages. Further investigation on the issue helps develop an informed choice of contraception. Data for this meta-analysis were derived from case-control and cohort studies of colorectal cancer and oral contraceptive use conducted between June 2000 and May 2022. The studies had a very high heterogeneity, as shown by an I2 of 99%, and a confidence interval of 95% was considered significant. Other results from the meta-analysis were as follows; Heterogeneity: Chi2 = 585.13, df = 6 (P < 0.00001). A test of the overall effect of ever use versus never use of oral contraceptives was Z = 21.85 (P < 0.00001). All the studies had a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 0.53. The use of oral contraceptives is associated with reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer. There is a need for further research into the biological mechanisms underlying these relationships, which may lead to insights into potential preventive interventions for colorectal carcinogenesis in women. The keywords used to locate studies included in this meta-analysis include Keywords targeting oral contraceptives included oral contraceptive pills, and birth control pills. Search keywords targeting colorectal carcinogenesis included neoplasms, tumors, or colon and rectal cancer.
Oral contraceptive use in woman does affect the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer has many identifiable and nonidentifiable risk factors. OCP usage in women of various age groups shown a lower risk of colorectal cancer development than those who never used OCPs. Regarding the population at risk for colorectal cancer due to a variety of reasons, many studies have deemed OCP usage safe.
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Xie J, Shi S, Liu Y, Wang S, Rajput SA, Song T. Fructose metabolism and its role in pig production: A mini-review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:922051. [PMID: 35967778 PMCID: PMC9373593 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.922051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that excessive intake of fructose is largely responsible for the increasing incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver, obesity, and diabetes. However, depending on the amount of fructose consumption from diet, the metabolic role of fructose is controversial. Recently, there have been increasing studies reporting that diets low in fructose expand the surface area of the gut and increase nutrient absorption in mouse model, which is widely used in fructose-related studies. However, excessive fructose consumption spills over from the small intestine into the liver for steatosis and increases the risk of colon cancer. Therefore, suitable animal models may be needed to study fructose-induced metabolic changes. Along with its use in global meat production, pig is well-known as a biomedical model with an advantage over murine and other animal models as it has similar nutrition and metabolism to human in anatomical and physiological aspects. Here, we review the characteristics and metabolism of fructose and summarize observations of fructose in pig reproduction, growth, and development as well as acting as a human biomedical model. This review highlights fructose metabolism from the intestine to the blood cycle and presents the critical role of fructose in pig, which could provide new strategies for curbing human metabolic diseases and promoting pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Xie
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyi Shi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoshuai Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Tongxing Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Impact of Diet and Exercise on Colorectal Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:471-489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhou E, Wang L, Santiago CN, Nanavati J, Rifkin S, Spence E, Hylind LM, Gills JJ, La Luna L, Kafonek DR, Cromwell DM, Drewes JL, Sears CL, Giardiello FM, Mullin GE. Adult-Attained Height and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Cohort Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:783-792. [PMID: 35247904 PMCID: PMC8983463 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of anthropometric characteristics on colorectal neoplasia biology is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if adult-attained height is independently associated with the risk of colorectal cancer or adenoma. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to August 2020 for studies on the association between adult-attained height and colorectal cancer or adenoma. The original data from the Johns Hopkins (Baltimore, MD) Colon Biofilm study was also included. The overall HR/OR of colorectal cancer/adenoma with increased height was estimated using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We included 47 observational studies involving 280,644 colorectal cancer and 14,139 colorectal adenoma cases. Thirty-three studies reported data for colorectal cancer incidence per 10-cm increase in height; 19 yielded an HR of 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11-1.17; P < 0.001), and 14 engendered an OR of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05-1.13; P < 0.001). Twenty-six studies compared colorectal cancer incidence between individuals within the highest versus the lowest height percentile; 19 indicated an HR of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.19-1.30; P < 0.001), and seven resulting in an OR of 1.07 (95% CI, 0.92-1.25; P = 0.39). Four studies reported data for assessing colorectal adenoma incidence per 10-cm increase in height, showing an overall OR of 1.06 (95% CI, 1.00-1.12; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Greater adult attained height is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma. IMPACT Height should be considered as a risk factor for colorectal cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Zhou
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baltimore, MD
- Mercy Medical Center, Institute for Digestive Health and Liver Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lin Wang
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Julie Nanavati
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Samara Rifkin
- University of Michigan, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Emma Spence
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Linda M. Hylind
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joell J. Gills
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - David R. Kafonek
- Johns Hopkins Health Care & Surgery Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Green Spring Station Endoscopy Center, Lutherville, MD
| | - David M. Cromwell
- Johns Hopkins Health Care & Surgery Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Green Spring Station Endoscopy Center, Lutherville, MD
| | - Julia L. Drewes
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cynthia L. Sears
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD
| | - Francis M. Giardiello
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gerard E. Mullin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baltimore, MD
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Heravi G, Yazdanpanah O, Podgorski I, Matherly LH, Liu W. Lipid metabolism reprogramming in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:17-31. [PMID: 34741716 PMCID: PMC10045462 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Lipids are the essential biomolecules required for membrane biosynthesis, energy storage, and cell signaling. Altered lipid metabolism allows tumor cells to survive in the nutrient-deprived environment. However, lipid metabolism remodeling in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not received the same attention as in other cancers. RCC, the most common type of kidney cancer, is associated with almost 15,000 death in the USA annually. Being refractory to conventional chemotherapy agents and limited available targeted therapy options has made the treatment of metastatic RCC very challenging. In this article, we review recent findings that support the importance of synthesis and metabolism of cholesterol, free fatty acids (FFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the carcinogenesis and biology of RCC. Delineating the detailed mechanisms underlying lipid reprogramming can help to better understand the pathophysiology of RCC and to design novel therapeutic strategies targeting this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Heravi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Omid Yazdanpanah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Larry H Matherly
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
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11
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Fish Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Meta-Analysis of Prospective Epidemiological Studies and Review of Evidence from Animal Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030640. [PMID: 35158907 PMCID: PMC8833371 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies on the association between fish consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk have yielded inconsistent results, despite evidence from preclinical studies that long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit colorectal carcinogenesis. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective epidemiological studies investigating the association between fish consumption and CRC risk among humans and reviewed studies examining the link between fish components and colorectal carcinogenesis in animal models. Methods: We included studies published until November 2020. We calculated the summary risk ratio (SRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) through random effects meta-analysis models in order to summarize evidence from studies among humans. Results: Twenty-five prospective epidemiological studies encompassing 25,777 CRC cases were included. Individuals in the highest (vs. lowest) category of fish consumption had a significantly reduced risk of CRC (SRR 0.94, 95%CI 0.89-0.99). In dose-response meta-analysis, a 50-g increment in the daily consumption of fish was associated with a statistically significant 4% reduction in CRC risk (SRR 0.96, 95%CI 0.92-0.99). Preclinical studies (n = 25) identified multiple mechanisms of action of fish and fish components on colorectal carcinogenesis. Conclusions: Dietary recommendations for cancer prevention should take into account the evidence from epidemiological and preclinical studies that increasing fish consumption may be effective in preventing CRC.
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12
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Wan Y, Wu K, Wang L, Yin K, Song M, Giovannucci EL, Willett WC. Dietary fat and fatty acids in relation to risk of colorectal cancer. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1863-1873. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Kiran N, Prizment AE, Lazovich D, Mao Z, Bostick RM. Sucrose Intakes and Incident Colorectal Cancer Risk among Women. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2022; 41:57-63. [PMID: 33315540 PMCID: PMC8428539 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1848661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High sucrose intakes are hypothesized to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by several mechanisms, and sucrose intakes have been consistently positively associated with CRC risk in case-control studies. However, all but one prospective study reported a null sucrose-CRC association. The only prospective study to report a positive association was the Iowa Women's Health Study (IWHS) of 35,221 cancer-free Iowa women, aged 55 - 69 years old at baseline in 1986, after four years of follow up. MATERIALS AND METHODS To address the discrepant findings in the literature, after 26 years of follow up in the IWHS, we updated and expanded on our earlier reported analyses. During follow up through 2012, 1,731 women were diagnosed with CRC. Baseline dietary intakes were assessed with a Willett semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS For those in the highest relative to the lowest intake quintiles, the adjusted HRs (95% CI) for CRC were 1.04 (0.87-1.23; Ptrend = 0.59) for sucrose, 1.00 (0.82-1.21; Ptrend = 0.67) for sucrose-containing foods, and 1.01, (0.83-1.22; Ptrend = 0.56) for nondairy sucrose-containing foods, respectively. These findings did not differ substantially by colorectal site or according to categories of selected participant characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support that intakes of sucrose or sucrose-containing foods are substantially associated with CRC risk among older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nfn Kiran
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anna E. Prizment
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - DeAnn Lazovich
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ziling Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roberd M. Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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14
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Rosales Chavez JB, Bruening M, Royer MF, Ohri-Vachaspati P, Lee RE, Jehn M. Availability, variety and distribution of healthy and unhealthy foods and beverages sold at street food stands in Mexico City. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5577-5588. [PMID: 34369345 PMCID: PMC8609361 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002100330x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in the availability, variety and distribution of foods and beverages sold at street food stands (SFS) across neighbourhood income levels in Mexico City. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Twenty neighbourhoods representing low-, middle- and high-income levels in Mexico City. PARTICIPANTS Direct observations of SFS (n 391). RESULTS The availability of healthy foods such as fruits/vegetables was high in middle- and high-income neighbourhoods, whereas the availability of unhealthy foods such as processed snacks was higher in low-income neighbourhoods. However, statistically significant differences in food availability across neighbourhoods were only observed for dairy and processed snack items (P < 0·05). Similarly, differences in variety were only observed for cereal and processed snacks (P < 0·05). No statistically significant differences were seen for variety of fruits/vegetable across neighbourhood income levels (P > 0·05). No statistically significant differences across neighbourhood income levels were observed for beverage availability and variety (P > 0·05). Although street foods and beverages were often distributed near homes, public transportation centres and worksites, no differences were observed across neighbourhood income levels (P > 0·05). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that SFS can be a source of both unhealthy foods and healthy foods for communities across neighbourhoods in Mexico City. Additional studies are needed to assess the relationship between street food and beverage availability, and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose B Rosales Chavez
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, 975 S. Myrtle Ave, Coor Hall 5th Floor, Tempe, AZ85281, USA
| | - Meg Bruening
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michael F Royer
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing & Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Megan Jehn
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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15
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Li Y, Sun M. Is dietary cholesterol intake associated with risk of colorectal cancer? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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16
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Kossenas K, Constantinou C. Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Trials: an Update on Research on the Association Between Red Meat Consumption and Colorectal Cancer. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:435-467. [PMID: 34665439 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the world. The aim of this review is to provide an update on recent epidemiological studies, the molecular mechanisms involved, and ongoing clinical trials investigating the relationship between red meat consumption and colorectal cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence in the literature proposes an association between red meat consumption and development of colorectal cancer, and there is some insight with regard to the mechanisms involved. Twenty studies of the IARC report (1990-2015) showed that red meat is positively associated with colorectal cancer whereas 14 studies either supported no positive association or no statistically significant association between red meat consumption and risk for CRC. More recent epidemiological studies conducted from 2016 and onwards provided further evidence that adherence to diets low in red and/or processed meat reduces the risk of colorectal cancer. Evidence from recent studies supports that quantity, doneness, and preparation of red meat play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Red meat's degradation products allow for the creation of a pro-inflammatory colonic microenvironment, and the gut microbiome plays a role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Heme, hydrogen sulfide, lipid peroxidation, nitroso compounds, and the bacterium Fusobacterium Nucleatum (as well as possibly other bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Eubacterium cylindroides, Eubacterium eligens 1 and 2, and Eubacterium rectale 1 and 2) also partake in the process of colorectal carcinogenesis. Several clinical trials are underway investigating the effects of different diets and red meat substitution products on colorectal cancer incidence as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kossenas
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, P.O. Box 24005, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi, CY-1700, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Constantina Constantinou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, P.O. Box 24005, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi, CY-1700, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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17
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Brittain M, Consedine N, Bagot KL, Booth N, Rodda SN. Sugar Habit Hacker: Initial evidence that a planning intervention reduces sugar intake. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:471-481. [PMID: 34550904 PMCID: PMC8997217 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sugar is a potentially addictive substance that is consumed in such high levels the World Health Organisation has set recommended consumption limits. To date there are no empirically tested brief interventions for reducing sugar consumption in adult populations. The current study aimed to preliminarily assess the feasibility of recruitment, retention, and intervention engagement and impact of a brief intervention. METHODS This pre-post study recruited 128 adults from New Zealand to complete a 30-day internet-delivered intervention with in-person and email coaching. The intervention components were derived from implementation intention principles whereby the gap between intention and behaviour was targeted. Participants selected sugar consumption goals aligned with WHO recommendations by gender. To meet these goals, participants developed action plans and coping plans and engaged in self-monitoring. Facilitation was provided by a coach to maintain retention and treatment adherence over the 30 days. RESULTS Intervention materials were rated as very useful and participants were mostly satisfied with the program. The total median amount of sugar consumed at baseline was 1,662.5 g (396 teaspoons per week) which was reduced to 362.5 g (86 teaspoons) at post-intervention evaluation (d = 0.83). The intervention was associated with large effects on reducing cravings (d = 0.59) and psychological distress (d = 0.68) and increasing situational self-efficacy (d = 0.92) and well-being (d = 0.68) with a reduction in BMI (d = 0.51). CONCLUSION This feasibility study indicates that a brief intervention delivering goal setting, implementation planning, and self-monitoring may assist people to reduce sugar intake to within WHO recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Brittain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nathan Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kathleen L. Bagot
- Department of Stroke, Public Health and Health Services Research, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalia Booth
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Simone N. Rodda
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand,Corresponding author. Email
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18
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Taylor SR, Ramsamooj S, Liang RJ, Katti A, Pozovskiy R, Vasan N, Hwang SK, Nahiyaan N, Francoeur NJ, Schatoff EM, Johnson JL, Shah MA, Dannenberg AJ, Sebra RP, Dow LE, Cantley LC, Rhee KY, Goncalves MD. Dietary fructose improves intestinal cell survival and nutrient absorption. Nature 2021; 597:263-267. [PMID: 34408323 PMCID: PMC8686685 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fructose consumption is linked to the rising incidence of obesity and cancer, which are two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally1,2. Dietary fructose metabolism begins at the epithelium of the small intestine, where fructose is transported by glucose transporter type 5 (GLUT5; encoded by SLC2A5) and phosphorylated by ketohexokinase to form fructose 1-phosphate, which accumulates to high levels in the cell3,4. Although this pathway has been implicated in obesity and tumour promotion, the exact mechanism that drives these pathologies in the intestine remains unclear. Here we show that dietary fructose improves the survival of intestinal cells and increases intestinal villus length in several mouse models. The increase in villus length expands the surface area of the gut and increases nutrient absorption and adiposity in mice that are fed a high-fat diet. In hypoxic intestinal cells, fructose 1-phosphate inhibits the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase to promote cell survival5-7. Genetic ablation of ketohexokinase or stimulation of pyruvate kinase prevents villus elongation and abolishes the nutrient absorption and tumour growth that are induced by feeding mice with high-fructose corn syrup. The ability of fructose to promote cell survival through an allosteric metabolite thus provides additional insights into the excess adiposity generated by a Western diet, and a compelling explanation for the promotion of tumour growth by high-fructose corn syrup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Taylor
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell-Rockefeller-Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shakti Ramsamooj
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger J Liang
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alyna Katti
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita Pozovskiy
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neil Vasan
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seo-Kyoung Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navid Nahiyaan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy J Francoeur
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma M Schatoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell-Rockefeller-Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jared L Johnson
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manish A Shah
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Dannenberg
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert P Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyu Y Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcus D Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Farvid MS, Sidahmed E, Spence ND, Mante Angua K, Rosner BA, Barnett JB. Consumption of red meat and processed meat and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:937-951. [PMID: 34455534 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Red meat and processed meat consumption has been hypothesized to increase risk of cancer, but the evidence is inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to summarize the evidence of associations between consumption of red meat (unprocessed), processed meat, and total red and processed meat with the incidence of various cancer types. We searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through December 2020. Using a random-effect meta-analysis, we calculated the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the highest versus the lowest category of red meat, processed meat, and total red and processed meat consumption in relation to incidence of various cancers. We identified 148 published articles. Red meat consumption was significantly associated with greater risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.03-1.15), endometrial cancer (RR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.01-1.56), colorectal cancer (RR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.03-1.17), colon cancer (RR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.09-1.25), rectal cancer (RR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.01-1.46), lung cancer (RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.09-1.44), and hepatocellular carcinoma (RR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.01-1.46). Processed meat consumption was significantly associated with a 6% greater breast cancer risk, an 18% greater colorectal cancer risk, a 21% greater colon cancer risk, a 22% greater rectal cancer risk, and a 12% greater lung cancer risk. Total red and processed meat consumption was significantly associated with greater risk of colorectal cancer (RR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.08-1.26), colon cancer (RR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.09-1.34), rectal cancer (RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.09-1.45), lung cancer (RR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.09-1.33), and renal cell cancer (RR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04-1.37). This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis study showed that high red meat intake was positively associated with risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and high processed meat intake was positively associated with risk of breast, colorectal, colon, rectal, and lung cancers. Higher risk of colorectal, colon, rectal, lung, and renal cell cancers were also observed with high total red and processed meat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S Farvid
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elkhansa Sidahmed
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas D Spence
- Department of Sociology and Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junaidah B Barnett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Nguyen S, Li H, Yu D, Cai H, Gao J, Gao Y, Luu H, Tran H, Xiang YB, Zheng W, Shu XO. Dietary fatty acids and colorectal cancer risk in men: A report from the Shanghai Men's Health Study and a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:77-89. [PMID: 32638381 PMCID: PMC11067784 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from animal models suggests that dietary fatty acids have both anticancer and tumor-promoting effects. Whether dietary fatty acids are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in humans remains inconclusive. We investigated associations between dietary fatty acids and risk of CRC among 59 986 men who participated in the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS), an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study. We identified 876 incident CRC cases in the SMHS during a mean follow-up of 9.8 years. Associations between dietary fatty acid intake and CRC risk were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was not significantly associated with CRC risk. Multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for Quartile 4 vs Quartile 1 were 0.92 (0.74-1.14; Ptrend = 0.47) for SFA, 0.95 (0.79-1.16; Ptrend = 0.74) for MUFA and 1.18 (0.95-1.46; Ptrend = 0.21) for PUFA. No significant associations were found for total n-6 PUFA or total n-3 PUFA. Additionally, we performed a meta-analysis to summarize results from the present study and 28 reports from 26 additional cohorts, which supported the overall null association between dietary fatty acid intake and CRC risk among men. Docosahexanoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were associated with 11% to 12% reduced risk, and linoleic acid a 19% increased risk, of CRC in the meta-analysis of combined sexes. In conclusion, this population-based prospective study and meta-analysis of cohort studies found little evidence that dietary fatty acid intake was associated with risk of CRC in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Honglan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jing Gao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Yutang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hung Luu
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Huong Tran
- Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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21
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Podoltsev NA, Wang X, Wang R, Hofmann JN, Liao LM, Zeidan AM, Mesa RA, Ma X. Diet and Risk of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Older Individuals from the NIH-AARP Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2343-2350. [PMID: 32868318 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) is obscure, and no previous studies have evaluated the role of diet. METHODS In the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, a prospective cohort of 463,049 participants ages 50 to 71 years at baseline (1995-1996), we identified 490 MPN cases after a median follow-up of 15.5 years, including 190 with polycythemia vera (PV) and 146 with essential thrombocythemia (ET). We examined possible associations between various dietary factors and the risk of MPN as a group, as well as PV and ET, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and adjust for potential confounding variables. RESULTS An increased risk was observed between fruit consumption and the risk of MPN overall (third tertile vs. first tertile, HR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.04-1.67; P trend = 0.02) and PV (third tertile vs. first tertile, HR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.35-2.95; P trend < 0.01). Increased risk of PV was also observed among those with high intake of sugar (HR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.12-2.79), sugar from natural sources (HR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.16-2.71), sugar from natural beverage sources (HR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.08-2.29), and fructose (HR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.21-2.79). CONCLUSIONS The intake of fat and protein did not appear to influence PV risk-neither did meat or vegetable consumption. None of the dietary factors studied was associated with the risk of ET. The role of sugar intake in the etiology of PV in older individuals warrants further investigation. IMPACT Our results indicate that high sugar intake is associated with an increased risk of polycythemia vera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai A Podoltsev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ruben A Mesa
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.
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22
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Chang JW, Shin DW, Han KD, Jeon KH, Yoo JE, Cho IY, Choi YJ, Hong JY. Obesity Has a Stronger Relationship with Colorectal Cancer in Postmenopausal Women than Premenopausal Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2277-2288. [PMID: 32868317 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the relationship between obesity measured by waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of colorectal cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS A total of 1,418,180 premenopausal and 4,854,187 postmenopausal women without cancer at baseline and ages over 40 were identified using the Korean National Health Insurance System Cohort during 2009 to 2014. The hazard ratio (HR) for colorectal cancer incidence was assessed according to menopausal state using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During a mean follow-up period of 7.2 years, 7,094 and 57,449 colorectal cancer cases occurred in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. Compared with the reference group (WC 65-75), the HRs [95% confidence interval (CI)] of colorectal cancer in WC <65, 75-85, 85-95, and >95 groups were 1.01 (0.91-1.11), 1.02 (0.97-1.07), 1.09 (1.00-1.18), and 1.31 (1.12-1.52), respectively, in premenopausal women and 1.01 (0.95-1.17), 1.09 (1.07-1.12), 1.19 (1.00-1.18), and 1.30 (1.25-1.35), respectively, in postmenopausal women. Compared with the reference group (BMI 18.5-22.9), HRs (95% CI) for colorectal cancer in BMI <18.5, 23-25, 25-30, and >30 groups were 0.99 (0.87-1.14), 0.99 (0.94-1.06), 0.98 (0.92-1.04), and 1.06 (0.92-1.20), respectively, in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, those values were 0.99 (0.93-1.05), 1.05 (1.03-1.08), 1.11 (1.09-1.13), and 1.20 (1.16-1.25), respectively. CONCLUSIONS WC is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer in both groups of women, but this association was stronger in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. BMI increased the incidence of colorectal cancer only in postmenopausal women IMPACT: Obesity has a stronger relationship with colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Chang
- Department of Family Medicine and Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine and Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun Hye Jeon
- Department of Family Medicine and Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Economics and Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, and RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California
| | - In Young Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yong Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Cho H, Budhathoki S, Kanehara R, Goto A, Yamaji T, Kakugawa Y, Saito Y, Matsuda T, Iwasaki M, Tsugane S. Association between dietary sugar intake and colorectal adenoma among cancer screening examinees in Japan. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3862-3872. [PMID: 32741012 PMCID: PMC7540999 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although intake of highly sugary foods is considered to be a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer through hyperinsulinemia, the association of sugar intake and colorectal adenoma, a precursor lesion to most colorectal cancer, is poorly understood, particularly in Asian populations. We undertook a cross‐sectional study in a Japanese population to investigate the association between dietary sugar intake and the prevalence of colorectal adenoma. Study subjects were selected from participants who underwent magnifying colonoscopy with dye spraying as part of a cancer screening program and who responded to a self‐administered questionnaire before the colonoscopy. A total of 738 cases with colorectal adenoma and 697 controls were enrolled. Dietary intakes of glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, and total sugars (sum of these six mono‐ or disaccharides) were calculated from a food frequency questionnaire, and divided into quartiles based on the distribution among controls. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of colorectal adenoma were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models, with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Total sugar intake was not significantly associated with the prevalence of colorectal adenoma (odds ratio for the highest intake group compared to reference group = 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.81‐1.73; P for trend = .34). Furthermore, no statistically significant positive associations were observed for any of the six mono‐ or disaccharides. Findings were similar on additional analyses by site, size, and number of adenomas. Our findings do not support an association between high sugar intake and increased odds ratios of colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourin Cho
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Japan.,Cancer Medicine, Cooperative Graduate Program, The Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Japan.,Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Sanjeev Budhathoki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Rieko Kanehara
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kakugawa
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan.,Screening Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Takahisa Matsuda
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan.,Screening Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Japan.,Cancer Medicine, Cooperative Graduate Program, The Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Japan
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24
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Imad FE, Drissi H, Tawfiq N, Bendahhou K, Benider A, Radallah D. [A case-control study on dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer in Morocco]. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 35:59. [PMID: 32537063 PMCID: PMC7250211 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.59.18214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction given its frequency and severity, colorectal cancer is a major public health problem. Diet plays a key role in preventing this type of cancer. The purpose of our study was to determine dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer in our Moroccan context. Methods we conducted a case-control study including patients with colorectal cancer compared with controls. The statistical analysis of results was carried out using R software. Results our study included 225 patients treated for cancer at the Mohammed VI Hospital Center and 225 controls. The average age of our study population at the time of diagnosis was 55.49±14.06 years, including 119 men (52.9%) and 106 women (47.1%) with a sex ratio of 1.12. Associations were found between the highest intakes of red meats, cold meats, sausages and the risk of colorectal cancer (p = 0.0001) with F4 (4-7 times / week) vs F1 (never): OR = 4.4 (1.6-11.9); (p = 0.001), OR = 1.7 (0.5-5.7); (p = 0.003), OR = 5.7 (1.2-27.4)). On the other hand, consumption of fish was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (p = 0.0001; OR = 0.3 (0.11-0.7)), while consumption of poultry and grilled eggs was not associated with colorectal cancer. We also found that consumption of fresh vegetables and cooked vegetables was low in patients compared to controls (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, a high intake of black coffee was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (p = 0.0001; F4 vs F1: OR = 0.2 (0.1-0.4)). Conclusion our study highlights that dietary changes can prevent or impede the growth of colorectal cancer. It is essential to promote balanced diet, rich in fish, vegetables, fruits and fibers without exceeding recommended levels of red meat and avoiding cold meats and sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Houda Drissi
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, Unité de Recherche Associée, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Urac-34, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Nezha Tawfiq
- Centre Mohammed VI pour le Traitement des Cancers, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Ibn Rochd, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc
| | | | - Abdellatif Benider
- Centre Mohammed VI pour le Traitement des Cancers, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Ibn Rochd, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Driss Radallah
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, Unité de Recherche Associée, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Urac-34, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Casablanca, Maroc
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25
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Yuan C, Giovannucci EL. Epidemiological Evidence for Dietary Sugars and Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-020-00453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhao L. Omega-3 PUFA intake and the risk of digestive system cancers: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20119. [PMID: 32384489 PMCID: PMC7440169 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of epidemiological studies have suggested a possible association between long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and the risk of cancers, but the results have been inconsistent. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the association of omega-3 PUFA consumption with digestive system cancers. METHODS Relevant observational studies were identified through a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science through December 2019 and by reviewing the references of the retrieved articles. The relative risks (RRs) of digestive system cancers associated with omega-3 PUFA intake were estimated using a random-effect model and were stratified by region, sex, study design, type of omega-3 PUFAs, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI, and physical activity. RESULTS Twenty-five studies (8 case-control studies and 17 cohort studies) involving 1,247,271 participants and 23,173 patients with digestive system cancers were included in this analysis. The risk of digestive system cancers decreased by 17% in individuals who consumed omega-3 PUFAs (RR = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76-0.91). The risk estimates of digestive system cancers varied by cancer sites, study location, study design, type of omega-3 PUFAs, and other confounders (smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and physical activity). Visual inspection of funnel plots and the Begg's and Egger's tests revealed no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSION The findings show that omega-3 PUFAs should be as a healthy dietary component for the prevention of digestive system cancers. Cancer incidence decreases with increasing omega-3 PUFAs intake for most digestive system cancer sites. The relation between omega-3 PUFAs and digestive system cancers RR is similar among different populations.
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27
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Processed meat intake and incidence of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1132-1148. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Kim Y, Kim J. Intake or Blood Levels of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 29:288-299. [PMID: 31767566 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous results of the association between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and colorectal cancer were inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. METHODS The PubMed and Embase databases were searched through July 10, 2019, followed by a manual search. A random-effects model was used. RESULTS Twenty prospective studies, including 18,102 cases and 1,360,046 participants, were included. The pooled RR of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest category of n-3 PUFA intake was 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90-1.04]. Regarding the type of n-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intakes were inversely associated with 11% (RR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.99) and 12% (RR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.96) lower colorectal cancer risks, respectively, in the comparison of the highest versus lowest category. Increments of 0.1 g/day of EPA (RR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.98) and DHA (RR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99) intakes were associated with a lower colorectal cancer risk. Regarding the blood levels of n-3 PUFAs, the pooled RR of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest category of blood levels of n-3 PUFAs was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.64-0.98). The risk of colorectal cancer decreased by 4% for every 1% increase in blood n-3 PUFA levels (RR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-1.00). CONCLUSIONS High blood n-3 PUFA levels are inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk, and high n-3 PUFA intake is suggestively associated with lower colorectal cancer risk. IMPACT Our findings suggest that high blood n-3 PUFA levels may be associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngyo Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
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29
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Crowe W, Elliott CT, Green BD. A Review of the In Vivo Evidence Investigating the Role of Nitrite Exposure from Processed Meat Consumption in the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2673. [PMID: 31694233 PMCID: PMC6893523 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) 2007 stated that the consumption of processed meat is a convincing cause of colorectal cancer (CRC), and therefore, the public should avoid it entirely. Sodium nitrite has emerged as a putative candidate responsible for the CRC-inducing effects of processed meats. Sodium nitrite is purported to prevent the growth of Clostridium botulinum and other food-spoiling bacteria, but recent, contradictory peer-reviewed evidence has emerged, leading to media reports questioning the necessity of nitrite addition. To date, eleven preclinical studies have investigated the effect of consuming nitrite/nitrite-containing meat on the development of CRC, but the results do not provide an overall consensus. A sizable number of human clinical studies have investigated the relationship between processed meat consumption and CRC risk with widely varying results. The unique approach of the present literature review was to include analysis that limited the human studies to those involving only nitrite-containing meat. The majority of these studies reported that nitrite-containing processed meat was associated with increased CRC risk. Nitrite consumption can lead to the formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC), some of which are carcinogenic. Therefore, this focused perspective based on the current body of evidence links the consumption of meat containing nitrites and CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian D. Green
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (W.C.); (C.T.E.)
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30
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Pacheco LS, Anderson CAM, Lacey JV, Giovannucci EL, Lemus H, Araneta MRG, Sears DD, Talavera GA, Martinez ME. Sugar-sweetened beverages and colorectal cancer risk in the California Teachers Study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223638. [PMID: 31596902 PMCID: PMC6785057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains unclear and published data are limited. METHODS The analytic cohort included 99,798 women, free of cancer at baseline, from the California Teachers Study, a longitudinal cohort comprised of 133,477 female teachers and administrators who were active or recently retired members of the California State Teachers Retirement System in 1995. SSB consumption constituted caloric soft drinks, sweetened bottled waters and teas, and fruit drinks, derived from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Consumption was divided into four categories: Rare or never, >rare/never to <1 serving/week, ≥1 serving/week to <1 serving/day, and ≥1 serving/day. CRC endpoints were based on annual linkage with California Cancer Registry, defined as first diagnosis of CRC, and classified following the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program coding system. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to generate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for assessing the association between SSB consumption and incident CRC. RESULTS A total of 1,318 incident CRC cases were identified over 20 years of follow-up (54.5% proximal colon and 45.5% distal colorectum). Compared with rare/never consumers, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 1.14 (0.86, 1.53) for total CRC; 1.11 (0.73, 1.68) for proximal colon; and 1.22 (0.80, 1.86) for distal colorectum cancers among women consuming ≥ 1 serving/day of SSBs. CONCLUSION SSBs were not significantly associated with CRC risk. The biological effects of high SSB consumption make it important to continue to evaluate whether SSBs are associated with CRC. Additionally, future studies should further assess SSBs in large, racial/ethnically diverse cohorts of males and females, and, if feasible, address changes in SSB consumption over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S. Pacheco
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. M. Anderson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - James V. Lacey
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hector Lemus
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Rosario G. Araneta
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dorothy D. Sears
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- College of Health Solution, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Talavera
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between height and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the results were inconsistent. Thus, a meta-analysis of observational studies was carried out to clarify this association. A literature search was performed in PubMed and Web of Science databases for all relevant studies up to 25 May 2016. The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) and restricted cubic spline model was adopted for the dose-response analysis. A total of 31 studies involving 13 077 848 participants with 93 818 cases were included. The pooled RR (95% confidence interval) of CRC for the highest versus the lowest category of height was 1.25 (1.18-1.32); the pooled RR was 1.32 (1.22-1.43) for colon cancer and 1.12 (1.05-1.19) for rectal cancer for the highest versus the lowest category of height. A nonlinear relationship was found between height and the risk of CRC in the dose-response analysis (Pnonlinearity=0.0024). This meta-analysis indicates that height is associated with an increased risk of CRC.
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Goncalves MD, Hopkins BD, Cantley LC. Dietary Fat and Sugar in Promoting Cancer Development and Progression. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The uncontrolled cellular growth that characterizes tumor formation requires a constant delivery of nutrients. Since the 1970s, researchers have wondered if the supply of nutrients from the diet could impact tumor development. Numerous studies have assessed the impact of dietary components, specifically sugar and fat, to increased cancer risk. For the most part, data from these trials have been inconclusive; however, this does not indicate that dietary factors do not contribute to cancer progression. Rather, the dietary contribution may be dependent on tumor, patient, and context, making it difficult to detect in the setting of large trials. In this review, we combine data from prospective cohort trials with mechanistic studies in mice to argue that fat and sugar can play a role in tumorigenesis and disease progression. We find that certain tumors may respond directly to dietary sugar (colorectal and endometrial cancers) and fat (prostate cancer) or indirectly to the obese state (breast cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D. Goncalves
- Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;, ,
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Hopkins
- Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;, ,
| | - Lewis C. Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;, ,
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Oyeyemi SO, Braaten T, Licaj I, Lund E, Benjaminsen Borch K. Physical activity patterns and the risk of colorectal cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study: a population-based prospective study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1216. [PMID: 30514263 PMCID: PMC6280381 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Physical activity (PA) has been associated with reduced risk of CRC; however, this has been demonstrated more consistently in men, while results of studies in women have been largely equivocal. We aimed to further examine the relationship between PA patterns and the risk of CRC in women, using repeated measurements. Methods We followed participants of the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Study - a nationally representative cohort. Baseline information was available for 79,184 women, and we used this information in addition to follow-up information collected 6–8 years later, for repeated measurement analysis. At enrollment, participants were cancer-free and aged 30–70 years, with a median age of 51 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During an average of 14.6 years of follow-up and 1.16 million person-years, 885 cases of colon and 426 cases of rectal cancer were identified through linkage to the Norwegian Cancer Registry (median age at diagnosis: 65 years). We found no association between PA level and the risk of colon cancer in baseline or repeated measurements analyses when comparing women with PA level 1–2 to those with PA level 5–6 (reference) (baseline: HR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.66–1.23, p-trend = 0.76; repeated measurements: HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.55–1.10, p-trend = 0.27). Results were the same when comparing PA level 9–10 to the reference level (baseline: HR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.56–1.12, p-trend = 0.76; repeated measurements: HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.58–1.16, p-trend = 0.27). Similarly, we found no association between PA levels and the risk of rectal cancer. Conclusions Women may need to look beyond PA in order to reduce their risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Oluwafemi Oyeyemi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Idlir Licaj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1086, Caen, France
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristin Benjaminsen Borch
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Makarem N, Bandera EV, Nicholson JM, Parekh N. Consumption of Sugars, Sugary Foods, and Sugary Beverages in Relation to Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Annu Rev Nutr 2018; 38:17-39. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High sugar intake may increase cancer risk by promoting insulin–glucose dysregulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and body adiposity, but epidemiologic evidence is unclear. Associations between dietary sugars and lifestyle-related cancer risk from longitudinal studies were evaluated. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL and identified 37 prospective cohort studies (1990–2017) reporting multivariable adjusted risk estimates for dietary sugars in relation to cancer. Of 15 and 14 studies on total sugar and sucrose respectively, 11 reported a null association in relation to cancer. Of 14 studies on fructose, 8 reported null associations, and 2 reported protective and 4 reported detrimental associations. In two of five studies on added sugars, a 60–95% increased cancer risk was observed with higher intakes. In 8 of 15 studies on sugary foods and beverages, a 23–200% higher cancer risk was observed with higher sugary beverage consumption. In conclusion, most studies were indicative of a null association, but suggestive detrimental associations were reported for added sugars and sugary beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Makarem
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Rutgers School of Public Health, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-2681, USA
| | - Joseph M. Nicholson
- NYU Health Sciences Library, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Niyati Parekh
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Abar L, Vieira AR, Aune D, Sobiecki JG, Vingeliene S, Polemiti E, Stevens C, Greenwood DC, Chan DSM, Schlesinger S, Norat T. Height and body fatness and colorectal cancer risk: an update of the WCRF-AICR systematic review of published prospective studies. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:1701-1720. [PMID: 29080978 PMCID: PMC6060816 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is no published dose-response meta-analysis on the association between height and colorectal cancer risk (CRC) by sex and anatomical sub-site. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies on the association between height and CRC risk with subgroup analysis and updated evidence on the association between body fatness and CRC risk. METHODS PubMed and several other databases were searched up to November 2016. A random effects model was used to calculate dose-response summary relative risks (RR's). RESULTS 47 studies were included in the meta-analyses including 50,936 cases among 7,393,510 participants. The findings support the existing evidence regarding a positive association of height, general and abdominal body fatness and CRC risk. The summary RR were 1.04 [95% (CI)1.02-1.05, I² = 91%] per 5 cm increase in height, 1.02 [95% (CI)1.01-1.02, I² = 0%] per 5 kg increase in weight, 1.06 [95% (CI)1.04-1.07, I² = 83%] per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, 1.02 [95% (CI)1.02-1.03, I² = 4%] per 10 cm increase in waist circumference, 1.03 [95% (CI)1.01-1.05, I² = 16%] per 0.1 unit increase in waist to hip ratio. The significant association for height and CRC risk was similar in men and women. The significant association for BMI and CRC risk was stronger in men than in women. CONCLUSION The positive association between height and risk of CRC suggests that life factors during childhood and early adulthood might play a role in CRC aetiology. Higher general and abdominal body fatness during adulthood are risk factors of CRC and these associations are stronger in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Abar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Ana Rita Vieira
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jakub G Sobiecki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Snieguole Vingeliene
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Elli Polemiti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Christophe Stevens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Doris S M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
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Makarem N, Bandera EV, Lin Y, Jacques PF, Hayes RB, Parekh N. Consumption of Sugars, Sugary Foods, and Sugary Beverages in Relation to Adiposity-Related Cancer Risk in the Framingham Offspring Cohort (1991-2013). Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:347-358. [PMID: 29674390 PMCID: PMC7225083 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Higher sugar consumption may increase cancer risk by promoting insulin-glucose dysregulation, oxidative stress, hormonal imbalances, and excess adiposity. This prospective study investigates the association between dietary sugars (fructose and sucrose) and sugary foods and beverages in relation to combined and site-specific (breast, prostate, colorectal) adiposity-associated cancers.Methods: The analytic sample consisted of 3,184 adults, aged 26-84 years, from the Framingham Offspring cohort. Diet data were first collected between 1991 and 1995 using a food frequency questionnaire. Intakes of fructose, sucrose, sugary foods, and sugary beverages (fruit juice and sugar-sweetened beverages) were derived. Participants were followed up until 2013 to ascertain cancer incidence; 565 doctor-diagnosed adiposity-related cancers, including 124 breast, 157 prostate, and 68 colorectal cancers occurred. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations. Tests for interaction with BMI and waist circumference were conducted.Results: No associations were observed between fructose, sucrose, sugary food consumption, and combined incidence of adiposity-related cancers or the examined site-specific cancers. While total consumption of sugary beverages was not associated with site-specific cancer risk, higher intakes of fruit juice were associated with 58% increased prostate cancer risk (HR: 1.58; 95% CI, 1.04-2.41) in multivariable-adjusted models. In exploratory stratified analyses, higher sugary beverage intakes increased overall adiposity-related cancer risk by 59% in participants with excessive central adiposity (HR: 1.59; 95% CI, 1.01-2.50; Ptrend = 0.057).Conclusions: In this cohort of American adults, higher sugary beverage consumption was associated with increased cancer risk among participants with central adiposity.Impact: These analyses suggest that avoiding sugary beverages represents a simple dietary modification that may be used as an effective cancer control strategy. Cancer Prev Res; 11(6); 347-58. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Makarem
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Yong Lin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Niyati Parekh
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York.
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37
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Mo A, Wu R, Grady JP, Hanley MP, Toro M, Swede H, Devers TJ, Hartman TJ, Rosenberg DW. Associations of dietary fat with risk of early neoplasia in the proximal colon in a population-based case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2018; 29:667-674. [PMID: 29846845 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Excess dietary fat consumption is strongly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer, but less is known about its role in the earliest stages of carcinogenesis, particularly within the proximal colon. In the following case-control study, we evaluated the relationship between the intake of dietary fats and the frequency of early proximal neoplasia [aberrant crypt foci (ACF) or polyps], detectable by high-definition colonoscopy with contrast dye-spray. METHODS Average-risk screening individuals underwent a high-definition colonoscopy procedure as part of larger ongoing clinical study of precancerous lesions in the proximal colon. Dietary fat intake was assessed using the Block Brief Food Frequency Questionnaire, which estimates average dietary intake based on 70 food items. The diets of individuals with no endoscopically identifiable lesions (n = 36) were compared to those with either ACF or polyps detected in the proximal colon. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, high dietary intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and intake of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids were positively associated with neoplastic lesions in the proximal colon. When comparing ACF and polyp groups separately, a positive association was observed for both proximal polyps (OR 2.28; CI 1.16-7.09) and ACF (OR 2.86; CI 1.16-7.09) for total PUFA intake. Furthermore, the prevalence of proximal ACF was increased with higher intake of omega-6 (OR 3.54; CI 1.32-9.47) and omega-3 fatty acids (OR 2.29; CI 1.02-5.13), although there was no discernible difference in the omega-6/omega-3 ratio. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that dietary PUFAs may be positively associated with risk of early neoplasia in the proximal colon. This study provides further evidence that dietary PUFA composition may play an important role in altering the microenvironment within the human colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Mo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030-3101, USA.,Colon Cancer Prevention Program, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rong Wu
- Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - James P Grady
- Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Matthew P Hanley
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030-3101, USA.,Colon Cancer Prevention Program, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Margaret Toro
- Clinal Trials Office, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Helen Swede
- Community Medicine and Health Care, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Thomas J Devers
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Terryl J Hartman
- Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel W Rosenberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030-3101, USA. .,Colon Cancer Prevention Program, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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38
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Vieira AR, Abar L, Chan DSM, Vingeliene S, Polemiti E, Stevens C, Greenwood D, Norat T. Foods and beverages and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, an update of the evidence of the WCRF-AICR Continuous Update Project. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1788-1802. [PMID: 28407090 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective As part of the World Cancer Research Fund International Continuous Update Project, we updated the systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to quantify the dose-response between foods and beverages intake and colorectal cancer risk. Data sources PubMed and several databases up to 31 May 2015. Study selection Prospective studies reporting adjusted relative risk estimates for the association of specific food groups and beverages and risk of colorectal, colon and rectal cancer. Data synthesis Dose-response meta-analyses using random effect models to estimate summary relative risks (RRs). Results About 400 individual study estimates from 111 unique cohort studies were included. Overall, the risk increase of colorectal cancer is 12% for each 100 g/day increase of red and processed meat intake (95% CI = 4-21%, I2=70%, pheterogeneity (ph)<0.01) and 7% for 10 g/day increase of ethanol intake in alcoholic drinks (95% CI = 5-9%, I2=25%, ph = 0.21). Colorectal cancer risk decrease in 17% for each 90g/day increase of whole grains (95% CI = 11-21%, I2 = 0%, ph = 0.30, 6 studies) and 13% for each 400 g/day increase of dairy products intake (95% CI = 10-17%, I2 = 18%, ph = 0.27, 10 studies). Inverse associations were also observed for vegetables intake (RR per 100 g/day =0.98 (95% CI = 0.96-0.99, I2=0%, ph = 0.48, 11 studies) and for fish intake (RR for 100 g/day = 0.89 (95% CI = 0.80-0.99, I2=0%, ph = 0.52, 11 studies), that were weak for vegetables and driven by one study for fish. Intakes of fruits, coffee, tea, cheese, poultry and legumes were not associated with colorectal cancer risk. Conclusions Our results reinforce the evidence that high intake of red and processed meat and alcohol increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Milk and whole grains may have a protective role against colorectal cancer. The evidence for vegetables and fish was less convincing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Vieira
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London
| | - L Abar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London
| | - D S M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London
| | - S Vingeliene
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London
| | - E Polemiti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London
| | - C Stevens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London
| | - D Greenwood
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - T Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London
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Yang J, Yu J. The association of diet, gut microbiota and colorectal cancer: what we eat may imply what we get. Protein Cell 2018; 9:474-487. [PMID: 29713943 PMCID: PMC5960467 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of colonoscopy screening and recent advances in cancer treatment, colorectal cancer (CRC) still remains one of the most commonly diagnosed and deadly cancers, with a significantly increased incidence in developing countries where people are adapting to Western lifestyle. Diet has an important impact on risk of CRC. Multiple epidemiological studies have suggested that excessive animal protein and fat intake, especially red meat and processed meat, could increase the risk of developing CRC while fiber could protect against colorectal tumorigenesis. Mechanisms have been investigated by animal studies. Diet could re-shape the community structure of gut microbiota and influence its function by modulating the production of metabolites. Butyrate, one of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which act as a favorable source for colonocytes, could protect colonic epithelial cells from tumorigenesis via anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic properties through cell metabolism, microbiota homeostasis, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory and genetic/epigenetic regulation ways. In contrast, protein fermentation and bile acid deconjugation, which cause damage to colonic cells through proinflammatory and proneoplastic ways, lead to increased risk of developing CRC. In conclusion, a balanced diet with an increased abundance of fiber should be adopted to reduce the risk and prevent CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.
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Chen ST, Wu MC, Hsu TC, Yen DW, Chang CN, Hsu WT, Wang CC, Lee M, Liu SH, Lee CC. Comparison of outcome and cost among open, laparoscopic, and robotic surgical treatments for rectal cancer: A propensity score matched analysis of nationwide inpatient sample data. J Surg Oncol 2017; 117:497-505. [PMID: 29284067 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based studies evaluating outcomes of different approaches for rectal cancer are scarce. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database between 2008 and 2012. We compared the outcomes and costs among rectal cancer patients undergoing robotic, laparoscopic, or open surgeries using propensity scores for adjusted and matched analysis. RESULTS We identified 194 957 rectal cancer patients. Over the 5-year period, the annual admission number decreased by 13.9%, the in-hospital mortality rate decreased by 32.2%, while the total hospitalization cost increased by 13.6%. Compared with laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery had significantly lower length of stay (LOS) (OR 0.69, 95%CI 0.57-0.84), comparable wound complications (OR 1.08, 95%CI 0.70-1.65) and higher cost (OR 1.42, 95%CI 1.13-1.79), while open surgery had significantly longer LOS (OR 1.38, 95%CI 1.19-1.59), more wound complications (OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.08-1.79), and comparable cost (OR 0.92, 95%CI 0.79-1.07). There were no difference in in-hospital mortality among three approaches. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic surgery was associated with better outcomes than open surgery. Robotic surgery was associated with higher cost, but no advantage over laparoscopic surgery in terms of mortality and complications. Studies on cost-effectiveness of robotic surgery may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ta Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meng-Che Wu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Debra W Yen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Chia-Na Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abdominal obesity and colorectal cancer risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170945. [PMID: 29026008 PMCID: PMC5725611 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between abdominal obesity (as measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) and colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully quantified, and the magnitude of CRC risk associated with abdominal obesity is still unclear. A meta-analysis of prospective studies was performed to elucidate the CRC risk associated with abdominal obesity. Pubmed and Embase were searched for studies assessing the association between abdominal obesity and CRC risk. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled using random-effects model of meta-analysis. Nineteen prospective cohort studies from eighteen publications were included in this meta-analysis. A total of 12,837 CRC cases were identified among 1,343,560 participants. Greater WC and WHR were significantly associated with increased risk of total colorectal cancer (WC: RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.30, 1.55; WHR: RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.25, 1.53), colon cancer (WC: RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.36, 1.72; WHR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.18, 1.63), and rectal cancer (WC: RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03, 1.39; WHR: RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05, 1.42). Subgroup analyses further identified the robustness of the association above. No obvious risk of publication bias was observed. In summary, abdominal obesity may play an important role in the development of CRC.
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Sweeteners as food additives in the XXI century: A review of what is known, and what is to come. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:302-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lee MTG, Chiu CC, Wang CC, Chang CN, Lee SH, Lee M, Hsu TC, Lee CC. Trends and Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Colorectal Cancer between 2004 and 2012- an Analysis using National Inpatient Database. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2006. [PMID: 28515452 PMCID: PMC5435696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited data are available for the epidemiology and outcome of colorectal cancer in relation to the three main surgical treatment modalities (open, laparoscopic and robotic). Using the US National Inpatient Sample database from 2004 to 2012, we identified 1,265,684 hospitalized colorectal cancer patients. Over the 9 year period, there was a 13.5% decrease in the number of hospital admissions and a 43.5% decrease in in-hospital mortality. Comparing the trend of surgical modalities, there was a 35.4% decrease in open surgeries, a 3.5 fold increase in laparoscopic surgeries, and a 41.3 fold increase in robotic surgeries. Nonetheless, in 2012, open surgery still remained the preferred surgical treatment modality (65.4%), followed by laparoscopic (31.2%) and robotic surgeries (3.4%). Laparoscopic and robotic surgeries were associated with lower in-hospital mortality, fewer complications, and shorter length of stays, which might be explained by the elective nature of surgery and earlier tumor grades. After excluding patients with advanced tumor grades, laparoscopic surgery was still associated with better outcomes and lower costs than open surgery. On the contrary, robotic surgery was associated with the highest costs, without substantial outcome benefits over laparoscopic surgery. More studies are required to clarify the cost-effectiveness of robotic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tse Gabriel Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chi Chiu
- Department of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan and Liouying, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Na Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Tzu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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44
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Sellaro R, Colzato LS. High body mass index is associated with impaired cognitive control. Appetite 2017; 113:301-309. [PMID: 28300607 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of weight problems is increasing worldwide. There is growing evidence that high body mass index (BMI) is associated with frontal lobe dysfunction and cognitive deficits concerning mental flexibility and inhibitory control efficiency. The present study aims at replicating and extending these observations. We compared cognitive control performance of normal weight (BMI < 25) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25) university students on a task tapping either inhibitory control (Experiment 1) or interference control (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 replicated previous findings that found less efficient inhibitory control in overweight individuals. Experiment 2 complemented these findings by showing that cognitive control impairments associated with high BMI also extend to the ability to resolve stimulus-induced response conflict and to engage in conflict-driven control adaptation. The present results are consistent with and extend previous literature showing that high BMI in young, otherwise healthy individuals is associated with less efficient cognitive control functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sellaro
- Cognitive Psychology Unit & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Lorenza S Colzato
- Cognitive Psychology Unit & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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45
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Das V, Kalita J, Pal M. Predictive and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer: A systematic review of recent advances and challenges. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 87:8-19. [PMID: 28040600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Since CRC is largely asymptomatic until alarm features develop to advanced stages, the implementation of the screening programme is very much essential to reduce cancer incidence and mortality rates. CRC occurs predominantly from accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes in colon epithelial cells, which later gets transformed into adenocarcinomas. SCOPE OF REVIEW The current challenges of screening paradigm and diagnostic ranges are from semi-invasive methods like colonoscopy to non-invasive stool-based test, have resulted in over-diagnosis and over-treatment of CRC. Hence, new screening initiatives and deep studies are required for early diagnosis of CRC. In this regard, we not only summarise current predictive and prognostic biomarkers with their potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, but also describe current limitations, future perspectives and challenges associated with the progression of CRC. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Currently many potential biomarkers have already been successfully translated into clinical practice eg. Fecal haemoglobin, Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19.9, although these are not highly promising diagnostic target for personalized medicine. So there is a critical need for reliable, minimally invasive, highly sensitive and specific genetic markers of an individualised and optimised patient treatment at the earliest disease stage possible. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Identification of a new biomarker, or a set of biomarkers to the development of a valid, and clinical sensible assay that can be served as an alternative tool for early diagnosis of CRC and open up promising new targets in therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Das
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India.
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46
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Charlton BM, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS, Chan AT, Lee JE, Cao Y, Missmer SA, Rosner BA, Hankinson SE, Willett W, Wu K, Michels KB. A prospective study of oral contraceptive use and colorectal adenomas. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:749-57. [PMID: 27125831 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of reproductive factors on colorectal cancer, including oral contraceptive (OC) use, has been examined, but less research is available on OC use and adenomas. METHODS Participants of the Nurses' Health Study who had a lower bowel endoscopy between 1986 (when endoscopies were first assessed) and 2008 were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression models for clustered data were used to estimate odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals [OR (95 % CIs)]. RESULTS Among 73,058 participants, 51 % (n = 37,382) reported ever using OCs. Ever OC use was associated with a slight increase in non-advanced adenomas [OR 1.11, 95 % CI (1.02, 1.21)] but not with any other endpoints. Duration of OC use was not associated with adenomas, but longer times since last OC use were associated with increased odds of adenomas [e.g., compared to never use, 15+ years since last use: OR 1.17 (1.07, 1.27)]. Shorter times since last OC use were inversely associated [e.g., ≤4 years since last use: OR 0.74 (0.65, 0.84)]. CONCLUSIONS We observed a modest borderline increase in risk of colorectal adenomas with any prior OC use. Additionally, more recent OC use may decrease risk, while exposure in the distant past may modestly increase risk of adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Charlton
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, South Korea
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Reproductive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 45 St. Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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47
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Otani K, Ishihara S, Yamaguchi H, Murono K, Yasuda K, Nishikawa T, Tanaka T, Kiyomatsu T, Hata K, Kawai K, Nozawa H, Watanabe T. Adiponectin and colorectal cancer. Surg Today 2016; 47:151-158. [PMID: 27061803 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-016-1334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is an obesity-related malignancy. Adiponectin is an adipokine produced exclusively by adipose tissue, and its concentration in the serum is reduced in obesity. A low serum level of adiponectin is associated with an increased risk of various types of malignancies including colorectal cancer. These facts suggest that the epidemiological link between obesity and cancer may have a significant association with adiponectin. Although numerous studies of colorectal cancer have been reported, the results are conflicting about the anti-cancer effect of adiponectin, and how adiponectin affects carcinogenesis or cancer development remains controversial. Because adiponectin has multiple systemic effects and exists as a high serum concentration protein, the main role of adiponectin should be regulation of homeostasis, and it would not likely act as an anti-cancerous hormone. However, as epidemiological evidence shows, a low adiponectin level may be a basic risk factor for colorectal cancer. We speculate that when the colonic epithelium is stimulated or damaged by another carcinogen under the condition of a low adiponectin level, carcinogenesis is promoted and cancer development is facilitated. In this report, we summarize recent findings of the correlation between adiponectin and colorectal cancer and investigate the effect of adiponectin on colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Otani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Yasuda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Kiyomatsu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Tourassi G, Yoon HJ, Xu S, Han X. The utility of web mining for epidemiological research: studying the association between parity and cancer risk. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2015; 23:588-95. [PMID: 26615183 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocv141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Wide Web has emerged as a powerful data source for epidemiological studies related to infectious disease surveillance. However, its potential for cancer-related epidemiological discoveries is largely unexplored. METHODS Using advanced web crawling and tailored information extraction procedures, the authors automatically collected and analyzed the text content of 79 394 online obituary articles published between 1998 and 2014. The collected data included 51 911 cancer (27 330 breast; 9470 lung; 6496 pancreatic; 6342 ovarian; 2273 colon) and 27 483 non-cancer cases. With the derived information, the authors replicated a case-control study design to investigate the association between parity (i.e., childbearing) and cancer risk. Age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each cancer type and compared to those reported in large-scale epidemiological studies. RESULTS Parity was found to be associated with a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.75-0.82), pancreatic cancer (OR = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.72-0.83), colon cancer (OR = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.60-0.74), and ovarian cancer (OR = 0.58, 95% CI, 0.54-0.62). Marginal association was found for lung cancer risk (OR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.81-0.92). The linear trend between increased parity and reduced cancer risk was dramatically more pronounced for breast and ovarian cancer than the other cancers included in the analysis. CONCLUSION This large web-mining study on parity and cancer risk produced findings very similar to those reported with traditional observational studies. It may be used as a promising strategy to generate study hypotheses for guiding and prioritizing future epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Tourassi
- Health Data Sciences Institute, Biomedical Science and Engineering Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Hong-Jun Yoon
- Health Data Sciences Institute, Biomedical Science and Engineering Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Songhua Xu
- Information Systems Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xuesong Han
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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49
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Ramasamy TS, Ayob AZ, Myint HHL, Thiagarajah S, Amini F. Targeting colorectal cancer stem cells using curcumin and curcumin analogues: insights into the mechanism of the therapeutic efficacy. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:96. [PMID: 26457069 PMCID: PMC4599442 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the commonest cancers in the world and it is also a common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advanced treatment strategies, the disease is rarely cured completely due to recurrence. Evidence shows that this is due to a small population of cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), in the tumour mass that have the self-renewal and differentiation potential to give rise to a new tumour population. Many pre-clinical and clinical studies have used curcumin and its analogues as anti-cancer agents in various types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. Intriguingly, curcumin and its analogues have also recently been shown to be effective in lowering tumour recurrence by targeting the CSC population, hence inhibiting tumour growth. In this review, we highlight the efficacy of curcumin and its analogues in targeting colorectal CSC and also the underlying molecular mechanism involved. Curcumin, in the presence or absence of other anti-cancer agents, has been shown to reduce the size of tumour mass and growth in both in vivo and in vitro studies by affecting many intracellular events that are associated with cancer progression and CSC formation. An insight into the molecular mechanism has unraveled the mode of action via which curcumin could affect the key regulators in CSC, importantly; (1) the signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Notch and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, (2) microRNA and (3) the epithelial-mesenchymal transition at multiple levels. Therefore, curcumin could play a role as chemosensitiser whereby the colorectal CSCs are now sensitised towards the anti-cancer therapy, therefore, combination therapy using anti-cancer agent with curcumin could be much more effective than treatment using a single cancer agent. This potential treatment modality can be further developed by employing an effective delivery system using a nanotechnology based approach to treat colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamil Selvee Ramasamy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ain Zubaidah Ayob
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hsu Hsu Lynn Myint
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Healthy Aging, Medical Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharmanee Thiagarajah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Healthy Aging, Medical Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farahnaz Amini
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Healthy Aging, Medical Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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50
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Lewis C, Xun P, Fly AD, Luo J, He K. Fish Oil Supplementation and Quality of Life in Stage II Colorectal Cancer Patients: A 24-Month Follow-Up Study. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1239-46. [PMID: 26380892 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1078900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that cancer survivors have an interest in lifestyle changes following a diagnosis. However, few studies have prospectively investigated whether these changes result in positive outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between fish oil supplementation and quality of life (QoL), cancer recurrence, and all-cause mortality in Stage 2 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients following diagnosis. Four hundred fifty-three patients were enrolled from the North Carolina Cancer Registry from 2009 to 2011. Data on demography, treatment, and health behaviors were collected at diagnosis, 12-, and 24 mo postdiagnosis. Generalized estimating equations were performed to examine fish oil supplementation in relation to QoL, recurrence, and all-cause mortality. An increase in fish oil supplementation over 24 mo postdiagnosis was associated with an increase in the physical component score of the 12-item Medical Outcomes Short Form (β = 2.43, 95% CI: 0.10-4.76). Supplementation showed no association with the Functional Assessment of Cancer-Colorectal, cancer recurrence or mortality across the 24-mo follow-up. This study suggests that fish oil supplementation may improve symptom-related QoL (i.e., physical functioning) in Stage 2 CRC patients following diagnosis. Future research should address the dose-dependent effects of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari Lewis
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana , USA
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana , USA
| | - Alyce D Fly
- b Department of Applied Health Science (Alyce D. Fly) , School of Public Health, Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana , USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana , USA
| | - Ka He
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana , USA
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