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Gupta I, Pedersen S, Vranic S, Al Moustafa AE. Implications of Gut Microbiota in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Progression: A Concise Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2964. [PMID: 35740629 PMCID: PMC9221329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancement in the development of molecular sequencing platforms has identified infectious bacteria or viruses that trigger the dysregulation of a set of genes inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) event. EMT is essential for embryogenesis, wound repair, and organ development; meanwhile, during carcinogenesis, initiation of the EMT can promote cancer progression and metastasis. Recent studies have reported that interactions between the host and dysbiotic microbiota in different tissues and organs, such as the oral and nasal cavities, esophagus, stomach, gut, skin, and the reproductive tract, may provoke EMT. On the other hand, it is revealed that certain microorganisms display a protective role against cancer growth, indicative of possible therapeutic function. In this review, we summarize recent findings elucidating the underlying mechanisms of pathogenic microorganisms, especially the microbiota, in eliciting crucial regulator genes that induce EMT. Such an approach may help explain cancer progression and pave the way for developing novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Shona Pedersen
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.P.); (S.V.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Mathews J, Malik P, Rai A, Lin J, Kim RS, Pan DH. A single centre experience of treatment outcomes for Helicobacter pylori infection among inner-city children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1860-1866. [PMID: 31880339 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study assessed treatment outcomes of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection among inner-city children. METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients aged 1-21 years who underwent initial treatment for H pylori infection from 2011 to 2015. We included patients who completed 2 weeks of treatment with documented adequate compliance after H pylori infection was diagnosed. Treatment outcomes were measured based on stool H pylori antigen and/or histology. RESULTS Of the total 261 patients diagnosed with H pylori, 239 completed the first-line treatment. The regimens used included amoxicillin/clarithromycin/proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in 207/239 patients (86.6%), amoxicillin/metronidazole/PPI in 14/239 patients (5.8%) and other regimens in 18/239 patients (7.5%). H pylori eradication status was tested in 111/207 (53.6%) patients treated with amoxicillin/clarithromycin/PPI, and the eradication was achieved in 84/111(75.7%) patients. The treatment success rates for amoxicillin/metronidazole/PPI and other regimens were 71.4% (5/7) and 63.6% (7/11), respectively. There was no statistical significance of post-treatment stool H pylori antigen results between PPI (n = 31) and no PPI (n = 43) users. CONCLUSION The study showed an eradication rate of 75.7% with the regimen amoxicillin/clarithromycin/PPI suggesting significant antibiotic resistance in our population. The use of PPI did not influence post-treatment stool H pylori antigen results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubin Mathews
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Preeti Malik
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Anjali Rai
- The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Juan Lin
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ryung S Kim
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Debra H Pan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
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3
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Abstract
As one of the most prevalent infections globally, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) continues to present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians worldwide. Diagnostically, the "test-and-treat" strategy is the recommended approach for healthcare practitioners when managing this potentially curable disease. The choice of testing method should be based on several factors including patient age, presenting symptoms, and medication use, as well as test reliability, availability, and cost. With rising antibiotic resistance, particularly of macrolides, care must be taken to ensure that therapy is selected based on regional resistance patterns and prior antibiotic exposure. In the USA, macrolide antibiotic resistance rates in some areas have reached or exceeded a generally accepted threshold, such that clarithromycin triple therapy may no longer be an appropriate first-line empiric treatment. Instead, bismuth quadruple therapy should be considered, while levofloxacin-based or alternative macrolide-containing therapies are also options. Once treated, it is essential to test for eradication as untreated H. pylori is associated with serious complications including peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer. This review article aims to consolidate current knowledge of H. pylori infection with a particular emphasis on diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Guevara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 1100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Asha Gupta Cogdill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis Medical Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Fusi-Rubiano W, Saedon H, Patel V, Yang YC. Oral medications for central serous chorioretinopathy: a literature review. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:809-824. [PMID: 31527760 PMCID: PMC7182569 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterised by acute or chronic neurosensory detachments of the retina, usually in the posterior pole, with or without associated detachments of retinal pigment epithelium. Although the condition often resolves spontaneously, chronic and recurrent cases can lead to significant visual loss in the working population and it is thus increasingly recognised as an important public health issue. The uncertainty regarding the underlying cause of CSCR has led to a wide range of therapies being tried for this condition including photodynamic therapy, laser photocoagulation, anti-VEGF injections and a multitude of oral agents. This article aims to review the current evidence for oral agents that have been used for treatment of CSCR. A systematic literature search was conducted for articles published between 1980 to July 2018. A total of 73 articles were included. These studied the following oral medications: eplerenone, spironolactone, beta blockers, H. pylori agents, omeprazole, rifampicin, methotrexate, aspirin, acetazolamide, mifepristone, melatonin, finasteride, ketoconazole, antioxidants and curcumin phospholipid. Although none of the studies showed robust evidence of efficacy, the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, particularly eplerenone, appear to demonstrate the highest quality evidence for use in this condition. The review aims to give the reader an overview of the current available evidence for oral medications used in the treatment of CSCR in order to provide an evidence-based discussion with the patient and guide through possible options for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Fusi-Rubiano
- Ophthalmology Department, New Cross Hospital, Wednesfield Road, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK.
| | - Habiba Saedon
- Ophthalmology Department, New Cross Hospital, Wednesfield Road, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK
| | - Vijay Patel
- Ophthalmology Department, New Cross Hospital, Wednesfield Road, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK
| | - Yit C Yang
- Ophthalmology Department, New Cross Hospital, Wednesfield Road, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common worldwide infections, which can affect both adults and children. The prevalence of this bacterium is variable in different countries, depending on various hygienic and socioeconomic conditions and living customs. The major damaged tissues of the infection are in the upper gastrointestinal tract, causing gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer and gastrointestinal malignancy. Nevertheless, other disorders are associated with this pathogen, including several hematological diseases, such as iron deficiency anemia, immune thrombocytopenia and vitamin B12 deficiency. A huge of data in literature support these associations, enough to recognize them in the last Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report by European Study Group. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying the linkage between H. pylori and these hematological disorders are not clearly identified, but certainly the good hematological response reaches after eradication therapy confirm a central role of the bacterium in this scenario. Instead, the pathogenic mechanisms of H. pylori infection, which lead to the occurrence of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma are clearer and more consolidated; so much that nowadays eradication therapy alone represents the only treatment in this disorder, when localized and with a concomitant H. pylori infection. This review focuses on the hematologic diseases related to H. pylori, particularly on iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, immune thrombocytopenia and gastric MALT lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorella Orsucci
- Unit of Hematology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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Benites J, Toledo H, Salas F, Guerrero A, Rios D, Valderrama JA, Calderon PB. In Vitro Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori Growth by Redox Cycling Phenylaminojuglones. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1618051. [PMID: 29849864 PMCID: PMC5941820 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1618051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection by Helicobacter pylori increases 10 times the risk of developing gastric cancer. Juglone, a natural occurring 1,4-naphthoquinone, prevents H. pylori growth by interfering with some of its critical metabolic pathways. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of a series of juglone derivatives, namely, 2/3-phenylaminojuglones, as potential H. pylori growth inhibitors. Results show that 5 out of 12 phenylaminojuglones (at 1.5 μg/mL) were 1.5-2.2-fold more active than juglone. Interestingly, most of the phenylaminojuglones (10 out of 12) were 1.1-2.8 fold more active than metronidazole, a known H. pylori growth inhibitor. The most active compound, namely, 2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)amino)-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione 7, showed significant higher halo of growth inhibitions (HGI = 32.25 mm) to that of juglone and metronidazole (HGI = 14.50 and 11.67 mm). Structural activity relationships of the series suggest that the nature and location of the nitrogen substituents in the juglone scaffold, likely due in part to their redox potential, may influence the antibacterial activity of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Benites
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, 1100000 Iquique, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, 1100000 Iquique, Chile
| | - Héctor Toledo
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Salas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, 1100000 Iquique, Chile
| | - Angélica Guerrero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, 1100000 Iquique, Chile
| | - David Rios
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, 1100000 Iquique, Chile
| | - Jaime A. Valderrama
- Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, 1100000 Iquique, Chile
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, 1100000 Iquique, Chile
- Research Group in Metabolism and Nutrition, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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An Audit of Endoscopic RUT and Treatment for Helicobacter Pylori in Clinical Practice. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ma J, Wu D, Hu X, Li J, Cao M, Dong W. Associations between cytokine gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection and Helicobacter pylori related gastric cancer, peptic ulcer disease: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176463. [PMID: 28453551 PMCID: PMC5409176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to clarify the associations between IL-1B31C/T, IL-1B-511C/T, IL-8-251T/A gene polymorphisms and the risk of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection together with H. pylori-related gastric cancer (GC), peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Methods All eligible literature published up to July 2016 were identified by searching Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using a fixed or random effects model. Results 29 case-control studies were eligible, and each of them may focus on more than one gene polymorphism. Ultimately, there were 21 studies (3159 cases and 2816 controls) for IL-1B-31C/T, 16 studies (2486 cases and 1989 controls) for IL-1B-511C/T polymorphisms, 9 studies (1963 cases and 1205 controls) for IL-8-251T/A polymorphisms. Overall, an increased risk of H. pylori infection was found for IL-1B-31C/T polymorphisms in total population [OR = 1.134, 95%CI = 1.008–1.275 for recessive model; OR = 1.145, 95%CI = 1.007–1.301 for TT vs CC model]. While, for IL-1B-511C/T and IL8-251T/A polymorphisms, no evidence indicated that they were associated with the risk of H. pylori infection in all genetic models. Furthermore, we found an increased risk of H. pylori-related GC with IL-1B-511C/T polymorphisms [OR = 1.784, 95%CI = 1.289–2.469 for recessive model; OR = 1.772, 95%CI = 1.210–2.594 for TT vs CC model] and IL8-251A/T polymorphisms [OR = 1.810, 95%CI = 1.229–2.667 for recessive model; OR = 1.717, 95%CI = 1.143–2.580 for TT vs AA model], an increased risk of H. pylori-related PUD with IL8-251T/A polymorphisms [OR = 1.364, 95%CI = 1.010–1.843 for recessive model; OR = 1.427, 95%CI = 1.039–1.959 for AA vs TT model]. Conclusions IL-1B-31C/T gene polymorphisms might increase H. pylori infection risk. IL-1B-511-C/T and IL-8-251T/A gene polymorphisms might act as a risk factor to H. pylori-related diseases including GC or PUD
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mingwei Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Interleukin 8 (-251 T>A) polymorphism in children and teenagers infected with Helicobacter pylori. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017; 23:23. [PMID: 28405201 PMCID: PMC5385065 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-017-0113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and causes a variety of gastric diseases. This study evaluated the correlations between the -251 (T>A) (rs4073) polymorphism of interleukin-8 (IL-8), the etiology of gastric disease, and H. pylori infection in pediatric and adolescent patients. Methods DNA samples were obtained from 285 gastric biopsies from pediatric patients. H. pylori was detected by PCR, whereas PCR-RFLP was used to characterize the -251 (T>A) polymorphism of IL-8. Results The histological analysis revealed the presence of gastritis in 158 patients (55.44%). H. pylori was found in 71 samples (24.9%). The -251 (T>A) polymorphism revealed that 58 (29.47%) samples were TT, 143 (50.18%) samples were TA, and 84 (20.35%) samples were AA. Conclusions Our findings suggest that IL8-251 A allele may be an important risk factor for the development of gastric disease when associated with H. pylori infection.
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Taye B, Enquselassie F, Tsegaye A, Amberbir A, Medhin G, Fogarty A, Robinson K, Davey G. Effect of early and current Helicobacter pylori infection on the risk of anaemia in 6.5-year-old Ethiopian children. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:270. [PMID: 26168784 PMCID: PMC4501201 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological and clinical studies in high income countries have suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may cause anaemia, but evidence is lacking from low income countries.We examined associations between H. pylori infection in early childhood and anaemia at the age of 6.5 years in an Ethiopian birth cohort. METHODS In 2011/12, 856 children (85.1 % of the 1006 original singletons in a population-based birth cohort) were followed up at age six and half. An interviewer-led questionnaire administered to mothers provided information on demographic and lifestyle variables. Haemoglobin level and red cell indices were examined using an automated haematological analyzer (Cell Dyn 1800, Abbott, USA), and stool samples analyzed for H. pylori antigen. The independent effects of H. pylori infection (measured at age 3.5 and 6.5 years) on anaemia, haemoglobin level, and red cell indices (measured at age 6.5 years) were determined using multiple logistic and linear regression. RESULTS The prevalence of anemia was 34.8 % (257/739), and the mean (SD) haemoglobin concentration was 11.8 (1.1) gm/dl. Current H. pylori infection at age 6.5 years was positively, though not significantly related to prevalence of anaemia (adjusted OR, 95 % CI, 1.15; 0.69, 1.93, p = 0.59). Any H. pylori infection up to age 6.5 years was significantly associated with an increased risk of anaemia at age 6.5 (adjusted OR, 95 % CI, 1.68; 1.22, 2.32, p = 0.01). A significant reduction in haemoglobin concentration and red cell indices was also observed among children who had any H. pylori infection up to age 6.5 (Hb adjusted β = -0.19, 95 % CI, -0.35 to -0.03, p = 0.01; MCV adjusted β = -2.22, 95 % CI, -3.43 to -1.01, p = 0.01; MCH adjusted β = -0.63, 95 % CI, -1.15 to - 0.12, p = 0.01; and MCHC adjusted β = -0.67, 95 % CI, -1.21 to -0.14, p = 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence from a low income country that any H. pylori infection up to age 6.5 is associated with higher prevalence of anaemia, and reduction of haemoglobin level and red cell indices at age 6.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bineyam Taye
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 80596, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .,School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Fikre Enquselassie
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 80596, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Aster Tsegaye
- School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Alemayehu Amberbir
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Girmay Medhin
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Andrew Fogarty
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Karen Robinson
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Gail Davey
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Nottingham, UK.
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Khosravi Y, Seow SW, Amoyo AA, Chiow KH, Tan TL, Wong WY, Poh QH, Sentosa IMD, Bunte RM, Pettersson S, Loke MF, Vadivelu J. Helicobacter pylori infection can affect energy modulating hormones and body weight in germ free mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8731. [PMID: 25736205 PMCID: PMC4348668 DOI: 10.1038/srep08731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, is an invariably commensal resident of the gut microbiome associated with gastric ulcer in adults. In addition, these patients also suffered from a low grade inflammation that activates the immune system and thus increased shunting of energy to host defense mechanisms. To assess whether a H. pylori infection could affect growth in early life, we determined the expression levels of selected metabolic gut hormones in germ free (GF) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice with and without the presence of H. pylori. Despite H. pylori-infected (SPFH) mice display alteration in host metabolism (elevated levels of leptin, insulin and peptide YY) compared to non-infected SPF mice, their growth curves remained the same. SPFH mice also displayed increased level of eotaxin-1. Interestingly, GF mice infected with H. pylori (GFH) also displayed increased levels of ghrelin and PYY. However, in contrast to SPFH mice, GFH showed reduced weight gain and malnutrition. These preliminary findings show that exposure to H. pylori alters host metabolism early in life; but the commensal microbiota in SPF mice can attenuate the growth retarding effect from H. pylori observed in GF mice. Further investigations of possible additional side effects of H. pylori are highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Khosravi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Kher Hsin Chiow
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Tuan Lin Tan
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Whye Yen Wong
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Qian Hui Poh
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
| | | | | | - Sven Pettersson
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [2] LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore [3] SCELSE Microbiome Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jang KM, Choe BH, Choe JY, Hong SJ, Park HJ, Chu MA, Cho SM, Kim JM. Changing Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infections in Korean Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2015; 18:10-16. [PMID: 25866728 PMCID: PMC4391995 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2015.18.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the changing prevalence rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in children, of different age groups, with recurrent abdominal pain over a 10-year period. METHODS Children with recurrent abdominal pain who visited the pediatric outpatient clinic at university hospital were screened for H. pylori. Children were divided into 3 age categories of 4-5, 6-11, and 12-16 years. To study the changes in the annual prevalence rates of H. pylori infection, the study period was divided into 3 time periods: 2004-2007, 2008-2010, and 2011-2014. Urea breath test was performed for all children aged 4-16 years, with a cut-off value of 4.0‰ for children aged ≥6 years and 7‰ for children aged <6 years. RESULTS A total of 2,530 children (1,191 boys) with a mean age of 10.0±3.0 years (range, 4.0-16.9 years) were included in the study. The total prevalence of H. pylori infection was 7.4% (187/2,530). The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in children with recurrent abdominal pain was 8.0% (70/873) in 2004-2007, 7.7% (51/666) in 2008-2010, and 6.7% (66/991) in the 2011-2014. Nevertheless, a significant difference was observed in the prevalence rate between children <12 years old and ≥12 years of age (p=0.018). CONCLUSION The prevalence of H. pylori infection in Korean children with recurrent abdominal pain was 7.4%, showing no significant decrease in the last 11 years; however, the prevalence rate in children <12 years old was significantly lower than that in those ≥12 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Mi Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Young Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Suk Jin Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Ae Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Man Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Campuzano-Maya G. Hematologic manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12818-12838. [PMID: 25278680 PMCID: PMC4177465 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common infection in humans, with a marked disparity between developed and developing countries. Although H. pylori infections are asymptomatic in most infected individuals, they are intimately related to malignant gastric conditions such as gastric cancer and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and to benign diseases such as gastritis and duodenal and gastric peptic ulcers. Since it was learned that bacteria could colonize the gastric mucosa, there have been reports in the medical literature of over 50 extragastric manifestations involving a variety medical areas of specialization. These areas include cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gynecology and obstetrics, hematology, pneumology, odontology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology and pediatrics, and they encompass conditions with a range of clear evidence between the H. pylori infection and development of the disease. This literature review covers extragastric manifestations of H. pylori infection in the hematology field. It focuses on conditions that are included in international consensus and management guides for H. pylori infection, specifically iron deficiency, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency, immune thrombocytopenia, and MALT lymphoma. In addition, there is discussion of other conditions that are not included in international consensus and management guides on H. pylori, including auto-immune neutropenia, antiphospholipid syndrome, plasma cell dyscrasias, and other hematologic diseases.
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Xie XQ, Zheng KC, Wu BS, Chen TH, Lai SR, Lin ZS, Aoki K. Differences in the levels of gastric cancer risk factors between Nanjing and Minqing counties, China. J Prev Med Public Health 2014; 47:281-7. [PMID: 25284200 PMCID: PMC4186548 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.14.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Fujian Province, China, gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among all malignant tumors. Nanjing county and Minqing county are located in inland Fujian and have similar general demographics. However, the adjusted mortality rate of gastric cancer in Minqing was found to be much higher than that in Nanjing. We sought to explore factors associated with this increased risk of gastric cancer between the two counties. METHODS We recruited 231 and 224 residents from Nanjing and Minqing, respectively, and analyzed differences between their dietary habits, Helicobacter pylori infection rates, and concentrations of serum pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin-17, and ratio of pepsinogen I:II. RESULTS Subjects in Minqing had more first-degree relatives who had been diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal tumor, more unhealthy dietary habits, a higher Helicobacter pylori positive rate, and greater proportion of abnormal serum gastrin-17 than those in Nanjing did. CONCLUSIONS The factors that differed between these two counties might indicate that residents in Minqing have a higher risk for developing gastric cancer than those in Nanjing do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Quan Xie
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University School of Public Health, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kui-Cheng Zheng
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University School of Public Health, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Fuzhou,China
| | - Bing-Shan Wu
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tie-Hui Chen
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shan-Rong Lai
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zai-Sheng Lin
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kazuo Aoki
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Caleman Neto A, Rasmussen LT, de Labio RW, de Queiroz VF, Smith MDA, Viani GA, Payão SL. Gene polymorphism of interleukin 1 and 8 in chronic gastritis patients infected with Helicobacter pylori. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2014; 20:17. [PMID: 24803922 PMCID: PMC4011515 DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-20-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological investigations have indicated that Helicobacter pylori induces inflammation in the gastric mucosa regulated by several interleukins. The genes IL1B and IL8 are suggested as key factors in determining the risk of gastritis. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the association of gene polymorphism of interleukin-1 and interleukin-8 with chronic gastrits in H. pylori infected patients. A total of 60 patients underwent endoscopic procedure. Biopsy samples were collected for urease test, histopathological and molecular exams. The DNA of theses samples was extracted for detection of H. pylori and analysis of the genes mentioned above. Patients with gastritis had a higher frequency of H. pylori-positive samples. Results H. pylori was detected in 30/60 patients (50%) by PCR. As for polymorphism of interleukin 8 (-251) gene we observed a statistical difference when analyzed TA (p = 0.039) and TT (p = 0.047) genotypes. In the IL1B31 there was a statistical difference in TT (p = 0.01) genotype and in the IL1B-511 there wasn’t any statistical difference. Conclusion Our results suggest a strong correlation between the presence of chronic gastritis and infection by H. pylori and that IL1B-31TT and IL8-251TT genotypes appear to act as protective factors against H. pylori infection while IL8-251TA genotype may comprise a risk factor for infection with this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostinho Caleman Neto
- Department of Genetics, FAMEMA Blood Center, Marília Medical School (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | - Roger W de Labio
- Department of Genetics, FAMEMA Blood Center, Marília Medical School (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Valdeir F de Queiroz
- Department of Digestive System Surgery, Marília Medical School (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Marília de Ac Smith
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Viani
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Marília Medical School (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Spencer Lm Payão
- Department of Genetics, FAMEMA Blood Center, Marília Medical School (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil ; Sacred Heart University (USC), Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil ; Laboratório de Genética, Hemocentro, FAMEMA, Rua Lourival Freire, 240, Bairro Fragata, Marília, São Paulo CEP 17519-050, Brazil
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Deng B, Li Y, Zhang Y, Bai L, Yang P. Helicobacter pylori infection and lung cancer: a review of an emerging hypothesis. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1189-95. [PMID: 23568955 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is one of the most common bacteria infecting humans. Recently, certain extragastric manifestations, linked to Hp infection, have been widely investigated, suggesting that Hp infection might be a 'systemic' disease. Accumulating, yet limited, evidence points to a potential association between Hp infection and lung cancer risk. Epidemiologic studies have shown that odds ratios (estimated relative risks) of lung cancer with Hp infection range from 1.24 to 17.78 compared with the controls, suggesting an increased lung cancer risk in the population exposed to Hp infection although far from supporting a causal relationship between Hp and lung cancer. Many studies have demonstrated the existence of Hp in the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract with no direct evidence of Hp-localization in lung tissue in the published literatures, rendering the possible functional mechanism underlying the association an open question. We followed the classic hypothesis-generating path, where we have thoroughly reviewed the publications on lung cancer and Hp infection from serological association to possible mechanisms as: (i) p130cas activated by Src kinase following Hp-host communication and p130cas-related carcinogenesis as in various malignancies; and (ii) gastroesophageal reflux and inhalation of urease or gastrin, which are Hp-related carcinogenic factors and present in lung tissues. We propose rigorous investigations regarding the Hp-lung cancer association and, if confirmed, the mechanisms of Hp infection leading to lung cancer development and progression. Clarification on Hp-lung cancer association is important for the understanding of lung cancer beyond tobacco-smoking-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Deng
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Casella AMB, Berbel RF, Bressanim GL, Malaguido MR, Cardillo JA. Helicobacter pylori as a potential target for the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:1047-52. [PMID: 23018302 PMCID: PMC3438245 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(09)11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the treatment of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection and changes in best-corrected visual acuity and macular detachment in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. METHODS Seventeen patients diagnosed with central serous chorioretinopathy were examined for gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori using the urease test and gastric biopsy. Helicobacter pylory-positive patients were treated with the appropriate medication. The response to therapy was monitored by evaluating the best-corrected visual acuity and optical coherence tomography. The data were analyzed using Student's t-test before and after treatment. RESULTS Fourteen patients (15 eyes) aged 30-56 years (mean 43.4 ± 8.3 years) were positive for Helicobacter pylori. Most of the positive patients had gastric symptoms (78.5%); one had bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy. The mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity was 20/98 (logMAR = 0.53 ± 0.28). Three months after starting treatment with antibiotics, the serous detachment had resolved in 14 of 15 eyes, but two cases required laser treatment. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 27 months. The mean final best-corrected visual acuity differed significantly from baseline. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Helicobacter pylori infection may be present in many chronic central serous chorioretinopathy patients and that treatment for the infection may have a favorable effect on the outcome of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Due to the possibility of the spontaneous regression of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and the high prevalence of the infection in the general population, prospective and masked clinical trials are necessary to confirm that treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection may benefit patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.
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Li N, Han L, Chen J, Lin X, Chen H, She F. Proliferative and apoptotic effects of gastric epithelial cells induced by coccoid Helicobacter pylori. J Basic Microbiol 2012; 53:147-55. [PMID: 22581720 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori exhibit morphology convertion in a spiral or coccoid form. This study aims to reveal the impact of coccoid H. pylori on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells. The cagA and vacA genes of H. pylori were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by the CCK-8 colorimetric method and TUNEL assay, respectively. Egr-1 mRNA and PCNA expression affected by the ERK1/2-specific inhibitor were detected by RT-PCR and immunochemistry. At low density of infection (MOI < 125:1), coccoid H. pylori exerted a stronger effect on proliferation and a weaker effect on apoptosis than did spiral form. The ERK1/2-specific inhibitor significantly blocked the increased expression in Egr-1 and PCNA induced by coccoid H. pylori. Expression of vacA and cagA in coccoid H. pylori decreased compared with the spiral form, whereas vacA decreased more than cagA. The difference of proliferation and apoptosis may be related to the unequal decreased expression of vacA and cagA in coccoid H. pylori. Activation of the ERK1/2-Egr-1-PCNA signal transduction pathway may play an important role in coccoid H. pylori-induced cell proliferation. Long latency of the coccoid form of H. pylori in gastric tissue may be associated with gastric cancer caused by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, College for Preclinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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ANKOLEKAR CHANDRAKANT, JOHNSON KEVIN, PINTO MARCIA, JOHNSON DAVID, LABBE RONALDG, GREENE DUANE, SHETTY KALIDAS. FERMENTATION OF WHOLE APPLE JUICE USINGLACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUSFOR POTENTIAL DIETARY MANAGEMENT OF HYPERGLYCEMIA, HYPERTENSION, AND MODULATION OF BENEFICIAL BACTERIAL RESPONSES. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ankolekar C, Pinto M, Greene D, Shetty K. Phenolic Bioactive Modulation byLactobacillus acidophilusMediated Fermentation of Cherry Extracts for Anti-Diabetic Functionality,Helicobacter pyloriinhibition and ProbioticBifidobacterium longumStimulation. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2011.617255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Peters C, Schablon A, Harling M, Wohlert C, Costa JT, Nienhaus A. The occupational risk of Helicobacter pylori infection among gastroenterologists and their assistants. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:154. [PMID: 21627778 PMCID: PMC3123572 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a widely spread bacterium that mainly inhabits the gastric mucosa and can lead to serious illnesses such as peptic ulcer disease, gastric carcinoma and gastric MALT lymphoma. The oral-oral route seems to be the main transmission route. The fact that endoscopes are contaminated after being used to perform a gastroscopy leads one to question whether gastroenterologists and endoscopy nurses and assistants run a higher risk of infection. METHODS A systematic search for literature was conducted in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and further publications were found in reference lists of relevant articles. Epidemiological studies on the occupational exposure of endoscopy personnel were collected and their quality was assessed. Pooled effect estimates were identified in a meta-analysis. RESULTS Of the 24 studies included in the analysis, 15 were considered to be methodologically good. Of these 15 studies, eight single studies showed a statistically significant increased risk of infection for gastroenterologists, and five for their assistants. Meta-analysis across all methodologically good studies found a statistically significant risk of 1.6 (95%CI 1.3-2.0) for doctors. The pooled effect estimates also indicated a statistically significant risk of Helicobacter pylori infection (RR 1.4; 95%CI 1.1-1.8) for assistants too.When studies are stratified by medical and non-medical control groups, statistically significant risks can only be recognised in the comparison with non-medical controls. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results demonstrated an increased risk of Helicobacter pylori infection among gastroenterological personnel. However, the choice of control group is important for making a valid assessment of occupational exposure risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Peters
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Schablon
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Harling
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Wohlert
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing, Hamburg, Germany
| | - José Torres Costa
- Occupational Health Division, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Albert Nienhaus
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing, Hamburg, Germany
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Assumpção MB, Martins LC, Melo Barbosa HP, Barile KADS, Almeida SSD, Assumpção PP, Corvelo TCDO. Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque and stomach of patients from Northern Brazil. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:3033-9. [PMID: 20572307 PMCID: PMC2890944 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i24.3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To establish whether virulence factor genes vacA and cagA are present in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) retrieved from gastric mucosa and dental plaque in patients with dyspepsia.
METHODS: Cumulative dental plaque specimens and gastric biopsies were submitted to histological examination, rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect the presence of cagA and vacA polymorphisms.
RESULTS: Detection of H. pylori from dental plaque and gastric biopsy samples was greater by PCR compared to histological examination and the rapid urease test. DNA from H. pylori was detected in 96% of gastric mucosa samples and in 72% of dental plaque samples. Sixty-three (89%) of 71 dental plaque samples that were H. pylori-positive also exhibited identical vacA and cagA genotypes in gastric mucosa. The most common genotype was vacAs1bm1 and cagA positive, either in dental plaque or gastric mucosa. These virulent H. pylori isolates were involved in the severity of clinical outcome.
CONCLUSION: These pathogenic strains were found simultaneously in dental plaque and gastric mucosa, which suggests that gastric infection is correlated with the presence of H. pylori in the mouth.
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Rasmussen LT, Labio RWD, Gatti LL, Silva LCD, Queiroz VFD, Smith MDAC, Payão SLM. Helicobacter pylori detection in gastric biopsies, saliva and dental plaque of Brazilian dyspeptic patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:326-30. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Broussard CS, Goodman KJ, Phillips CV, Smith MA, Fischbach LA, Day RS, Aragaki CC. Antibiotics taken for other illnesses and spontaneous clearance of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009; 18:722-9. [PMID: 19455592 DOI: 10.1002/pds.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Factors that determine persistence of untreated Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in childhood are not well understood. We estimated risk differences for the effect of incidental antibiotic exposure on the probability of a detected clearance at the next test after an initial detected H. pylori infection. METHODS The Pasitos Cohort Study (1998-2005) investigated predictors of H. pylori infection in children from El Paso, Texas, and Juarez, Mexico. Children were screened for infection at 6-month target intervals from 6 to 84 months of age, using the 13C-urea breath test corrected for body-size-dependent variation in CO2 production. Exposure was defined as courses of any systemic antibiotic (systemic) or those with anti-H. pylori action (HP-effective) reported for the interval between initial detected infection and next test. Binomial regression models included country of residence, mother's education, adequacy of prenatal care, age at infection, and interval between tests. RESULTS Of 205 children with a test result and antibiotic data following a detected infection, the number of children who took > or =1 course in the interval between tests was 74 for systemic and 33 for HP-effective. The proportion testing negative at the next test was 66% for 0 courses, 72% for > or =1 systemic course, and 79% for > or =1 HP-effective course. Adjusted risk differences (95%CI) for apparent clearance, comparing > or =1 to 0 courses were 10% (1-20%) for systemic and 11% (0-21%) for HP-effective. CONCLUSIONS Incidental antibiotic exposure appears to influence the duration of childhood H. pylori infection but seems to explain only a small portion of spontaneous clearance.
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Zhang L, Su P, Henriksson A, O'Rourke J, Mitchell H. Investigation of the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis on Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2008; 13:183-190. [PMID: 18466393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species have shown beneficial effects in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection; however, the mechanisms behind such effects are not fully understood. In this study, we have investigated the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in a mouse model of H. pylori infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS H. pylori-infected C57BL/6 mice were treated with L. casei L26, B. lactis B94, or no probiotics for 5 weeks, respectively. Mice not infected with H. pylori were included as normal controls. Gastric histology, protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-10, IL-12/23p40, and H. pylori colonization density in the gastric tissues, as well as H. pylori-specific antibodies were examined. RESULTS In mice receiving L. casei L26 and B. lactis B94, gastric neutrophil infiltration and IL-1beta were significantly decreased and IL-10 was significantly increased as compared with mice receiving no probiotics. In mice receiving B. lactis B94, IL-12/23p40 was significantly increased and H. pylori IgG was significantly reduced as compared with mice receiving no probiotics. No significant difference of H. pylori colonization was observed among the three groups of mice. CONCLUSION The reduced level of IL-1beta and neutrophil infiltration observed in mice infected with H. pylori following treatment with L. casei L26 and B. lactis B94 resulted from a modulation of immune response rather than a decrease of H. pylori colonization. Furthermore, B. lactis B94 has the intrinsic ability to promote a Th1 immune response through an increase in IL-12/IL-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- The School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Chui SY, Clay TM, Lyerly HK, Morse MA. The Development of Therapeutic and Preventive Vaccines for Gastric Cancer and Helicobacter pylori. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:1883-9. [PMID: 16103431 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most important worldwide public health problems. Convincing epidemiologic and etiologic associations have been made between the development of gastric cancer and infection with Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori not only has adapted to survive within the harsh environment of the stomach but also is able to modulate and avoid endogenous immune responses. The design and creation of efficacious vaccine strategies against H. pylori requires an understanding of the complex interactions that make up mucosal immunity. An effective vaccine strategy against H. pylori has the potential to affect significantly on population health worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Y Chui
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2606, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Vattem D, Lin YT, Ghaedian R, Shetty K. Cranberry synergies for dietary management of Helicobacter pylori infections. Process Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2004.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Kignel S, de Almeida Pina F, André EA, Alves Mayer MP, Birman EG. Occurrence of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque and saliva of dyspeptic patients. Oral Dis 2005; 11:17-21. [PMID: 15641962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2004.01043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach is associated with gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric cancers and gastric lymphoma. The organism is transmitted by ingestion, but the oral-oral route and the fecal-oral route are also suggested. The prevalence of infection with H. pylori in developing countries, including Brazil, is higher than in developed countries. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the role of the oral cavity as a reservoir of this species, by evaluating the occurrence of H. pylori in supragingival dental plaque and in saliva of Brazilian dyspeptic patients, whether harboring the organism or not in the stomach. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-nine patients reporting dyspeptic symptoms were subjected to oral clinical examination and collection of saliva and supragingival dental plaque samples prior to the endoscopic examination. The detection of H. pylori in oral samples was performed by PCR using 16S rRNA primers. The bacteria were detected in stomach by means of the rapid urease test. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori was detected in the stomach of 20 of 49 subjects reporting dyspeptic symptoms. The organism was detected in only one supragingival plaque sample, obtained from a patient positive for the urease test in the stomach and in none of the salivary samples. CONCLUSION Supragingival dental plaque and saliva may not be relevant reservoirs of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kignel
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wallace RA, Schluter PJ, Duff M, Ouellette-Kuntz H, Webb PM, Scheepers M. A Review of the Risk Factors for, Consequences, Diagnosis, and Management of Helicobacter pylori in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-1130.2004.04029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Morad M, Merrick J, Nasri Y. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in people with intellectual disability in a residential care centre in Israel. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2002; 46:141-143. [PMID: 11869384 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In 1982, Helicobacter pylori (formerly Campylobacter pylori) was identified as a pathogenic factor in peptic ulcer disease by researchers from Australia. Because only a small number of studies of H. pylori infection have been conducted in people with intellectual disability (ID), and none of these were done in Israel, the present authors decided to conduct a pilot study on its prevalence in this population. The Israeli Division for Mental Retardation provides services to over 6000 people in 54 residential care centres (or institutions), and one centre in the south of the country with kibbutz-style living arrangements was selected for this pilot study. The study was performed as part of the yearly routine medical examination of all residents, and blood specimens were drawn for IgG antibodies to H. pylori (ELISA). Out of the 47 individuals screened, 75% (n=36) were seropositive. In addition to the reported high rates of H. pylori infection in residents with ID living in large facilities, the present pilot study suggests that people with ID living in smaller, kibbutz-style arrangements are also at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morad
- Kfar Rafael and Department of Family Medicine, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Wallace RA, Webb PM, Schluter PJ. Environmental, medical, behavioural and disability factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in adults with intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2002; 46:51-60. [PMID: 11851856 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In institutionalized adults with intellectual disability (ID), Helicobacter pylori infection occurs at approximately twice the rate it appears in the general population, and it may be responsible for the twofold higher rates of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer in this population. Medical, behavioural and additional environmental factors, as well as level of ID, may be related to the risk of infection with H. pylori. One hundred and sixty-eight adults with ID who were currently, had previously been or had never been institutionalized underwent a biopsychosocial evaluation. This included assessment of: level of ID using the Adaptive Behaviour Scale (ABS) Part I; levels of maladaptive behaviour using the ABS Part II; demographic, medical and environmental factors; as well as H. pylori tests using serology and faecal antigen. The overall rates of past or current infection with H. pylori in institutionalized and previously institutionalized participants were about twice that of the overall group of never-institutionalized participants, i.e. 87% and 79% compared to 44%, respectively (P < 0.001). The rates of H. pylori infection appeared to increase with age in the never-institutionalized group, but were consistently high across all ages in the other groups. The rate of infection was higher in those institutionalized for more than 5 years (95% versus 76%, P=0.02), in those with flatmates with excessive oral secretions (65% versus 21%, P < 0.001) or faecal incontinence (67% versus 27%, P < 0.001), and in those with more chronic illness and medications. All mean domain scores of the ABS Part I (Intellectual Disability) were significantly lower (indicating more severe ID) in the group currently infected with H. pylori compared to their non-infected counterparts. The majority of mean domain scores of the ABS Part II (Behaviour) were also worse, with half of these score differences reaching statistical significance in the currently infected group. The presence of alarm symptoms (e.g. vomiting, weight loss, haematemesis and melena), iron deficiency and body mass index were not significantly different in currently infected subjects. Adults with ID appear to be particularly at risk of infection with H. pylori. Environmental associations with infection include past or current institutionalization, a longer period of institutionalization, living with flatmates with excessive oral secretions and faecal incontinence. Medical associations include chronic disease and more medications, but not alarm symptoms or body mass index. Demographic associations may include increasing age in never-institutionalized adults, but no age effect in currently or previously institutionalized individuals. Psychosocial associations include more severe ID and maladaptive behaviour with current infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Wallace
- Mater Private Practice Specialist Clinic, Brisbane, Logan Hospital, Loganlea, and School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Nakamura RM. Laboratory tests for the evaluation of Helicobacter pylori infections. J Clin Lab Anal 2001; 15:301-7. [PMID: 11793429 PMCID: PMC6807858 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2000] [Accepted: 01/15/2001] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a highly motile bacterium with multiple unipolar flagella, and it produces the urease enzyme. The flagella and urease are the virulence factors of H. pylori. H. pylori often establishes a chronic infection in the stomach that may lead to gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric cancers, gastric lymphomas, and other gastrointestinal diseases. There are several different invasive and noninvasive clinical laboratory tests for H. pylori. Laboratory testing is not indicated in asymptomatic patients and should be considered only if treatment of H. pylori infection is planned. Invasive tests for H. pylori, such as tissue histology, culture, and rapid urease tests, are used if an endoscopy is performed on the patient. The noninvasive tests for H. pylori, such as enzyme antibody and urea breath tests, are recommended in patients whose symptoms do not warrant endoscopy. The urea breath test is very useful and is recommended to evaluate effectiveness in the eradication and treatment of H. pylori infections. Nucleic acid tests can complement other diagnostic procedures, and are useful in evaluating fixed biopsy tissue, environmental samples, gastric juices, oral secretions, and stool samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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