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Rillaerts K, Verlinden L, Doms S, Carmeliet G, Verstuyf A. A comprehensive perspective on the role of vitamin D signaling in maintaining bone homeostasis: Lessons from animal models. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2025; 250:106732. [PMID: 40122304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2025.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2025] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
1,25(OH)2D3 is well known for its role in maintaining normal serum calcium levels. Through its receptor, 1,25(OH)2D3 enhances intestinal calcium absorption and renal calcium reabsorption, thereby ensuring serum calcium levels are within physiological range, which is in turn important for normal bone development and mineralization. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) achieves this via transcriptional induction of genes important in calcium transport. When intestinal and renal calcium (re)absorption is impaired, VDR-mediated signaling will stimulate bone resorption and inhibit mineralization in order to maintain normal serum calcium levels, as evidenced in mice with a systemic or intestine-specific deletion of the VDR. However, VDR signaling in bone is also reported to have anabolic effects. In this review we will discuss the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated VDR signaling on bone homeostasis and provide an overview of the in vitro experiments and various transgenic mice models that have been generated to unravel the role of VDR signaling in different bone cell types such as chondrocytes, (pre)osteoblasts, osteocytes, and (pre)osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Rillaerts
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 902, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 902, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Doms
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 902, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 902, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Verstuyf
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 902, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Perrotta C, Carnovale C, Pozzi M, De Palma C, Cervia D, Nobile M, Clementi E. Antipsychotics and dietary interventions: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and synergisms in therapy. Pharmacol Rev 2025; 77:100061. [PMID: 40412008 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmr.2025.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2025] [Accepted: 04/19/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic (AP) medications are the primary treatment for severe mental illnesses, including schizophrenia and severe mood disorders. APs are currently categorized into typical or first-generation APs and atypical or second-generation APs. Although both first-generation and second-generation APs are considered effective in treating psychotic symptoms in severe mental disorders, they differ in their mechanisms, treatment strategies, and side effect profiles. Because of their potential motor and metabolic side effects, which often compromise patient adherence and clinical outcomes, whether and how to use APs remains controversial. The use of dietary interventions in combination with APs is emerging as a viable strategy to reduce AP adverse effects while maintaining their efficacy and enhance patient adherence to treatment. In contrast to drugs that possess a well defined molecular mechanism of action, dietary interventions act in pleiotropic ways by nature. While providing a holistic approach to patient care this pleiotropy needs to be analyzed and systematized to enhance the efficacy and safety of the combination of them with APs. Guidelines for this type of treatment are still needed. In this review, we explore the pharmacological properties, therapeutic applications, and limitations of APs, and discuss the potential benefits and limitations of those dietary interventions that are employed to improve the efficacy and counteract side effects of APs discussing also their mechanisms of action. Finally, we critically discuss the main results of clinical studies combining APs and dietary interventions and provide a view on future directions in terms of research and clinical use of these combinations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Antipsychotic drugs are useful in a variety of psychiatric conditions, yet their use is hampered by issues of efficacy and safety. An important step toward therapy optimization is their use in combination with dietary interventions (ie, dietary supplements and nutraceuticals) that have shown promising results in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Carla Carnovale
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pozzi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, Italy
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Hany M, Wuyts S, Abouelnasr AA, Zidan A, Demerdash HM, Hussein HASM, Arida RE, Elsharkawi SM, Kramers C, Torensma B. Comparison of calcium citrate and calcium carbonate absorption in patients with a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and one-anastomosis gastric bypass: a double-blind, randomized cross-over trial. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2025; 21:471-481. [PMID: 39603923 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2024.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the efficacy of calcium (Ca) citrate and Ca carbonate supplementation on Ca absorption following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) surgeries. SETTING A single specialized bariatric center. METHODS A randomized, double-blinded, crossover study between October 2023 and February 2024. One hundred fifty participants 6 months postmetabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) were randomly selected from the electronic patient record system to create a pool of patients to randomize for the study. The intestinal absorption of Ca carbonate and Ca citrate among groups divided by surgical procedure was compared over 8 hours of testing. Measurements included serum and urine Ca concentrations for peak values (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0-8h), along with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels to calculate minimum PTH (PTHmin) and cumulative PTH decline (AUC0-8h). RESULTS In total, 50 per each surgery group were included with an average age of 40.5 ± 7.6 years, of whom 128 (85.3%) were female. The participants' average BMI was 30.3 ± 2.0 kg/m2. The average time elapsed after MBS was 9.8 ± 1.0 months. Ca citrate intake significantly lowered PTH levels and showed enhanced relative Ca bioavailability compared to Ca carbonate. Specifically, PTH levels were notably reduced from 3 to 6 hours postadministration with Ca citrate, with significant differences (P < .001). Ca citrate also demonstrated superior relative bioavailability, as evidenced by a higher AUC0-8h of 76.1 mg/dL·h versus 74.7 mg/dL·h for carbonate (P = .001) and a Cmax of 9.8 mg/dL compared to 9.5 mg/dL for carbonate (P < .001). Additionally, urinary Ca excretion over 9 hours was significantly greater in the citrate group at 83.7 mg/dL compared to 68.6 mg/dL for carbonate (P < .001). CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that Ca citrate was significantly better than carbonate in reducing PTH levels, enhancing relative Ca bioavailability, and increasing urinary Ca excretion. Additionally, Ca citrate resulted in higher cumulative urinary Ca excretion, indicating better Ca absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hany
- Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Surgery, Bariatric Surgery at Madina Women's Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Stephanie Wuyts
- Research Centre for Digital Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ahmed Zidan
- Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ramy E Arida
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Cees Kramers
- Departments of Pharmacy, and Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Torensma
- Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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Chen F, Zhao L, Huang L, Zhuo Y, Xu S, Lin Y, Che L, Feng B, Wu D, Fang Z. Synergistic effects of multi-enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestion and absorption in the foregut and hindgut. Front Vet Sci 2025; 12:1554919. [PMID: 40070914 PMCID: PMC11893834 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1554919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary multi-enzyme (MCPC) supplementation on synergistically enhancing the functions of both the foregut and hindgut, ultimately improving the nutrient digestion and utilization throughout the gastrointestinal tract. In vitro results demonstrated that MCPC increased the phosphorus and reducing sugar levels in the supernatant during enzymatic hydrolysis. Furthermore, during the fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolysis products, MCPC significantly increased the FRD0 value of the enzymatic hydrolysis products from both the positive control (PC) and negative control 1 (NC1) diets (p < 0.05). MCPC reduced the T1/2 value of in vitro fermentation products from the PC diet (p < 0.01), and decreased the VF (p = 0.082) and K (p < 0.05) values for the NC1 diet. Additionally, 72 crossbred barrows [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)], weighing 25 kg, were fed one of six diets until their live weight approached 50 kg. The basal diets consisted of PC, NC1 and negative control 2 (NC2), while the remaining three diets were prepared by adding 100 mg/kg MCPC to the respective basal diets. The results showed that MCPC supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of solute carrier family 17 member 4 (SLC17A4) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes in the duodenum (p < 0.05), while downregulating the expression of Calbindin-D28k (CaBP-D28K) and solute carrier family 1 member 4 (SLC1A4) genes (p < 0.05) in growing pigs. Moreover, MCPC supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of VDR, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (FABP2) genes in the jejunum of growing pigs. Furthermore, MCPC supplementation significantly increased the relative abundances of Bacteroidota, Prevotella and Phascolarctobacterium (p < 0.05), while reducing the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobiota and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (p < 0.05) in the colon of growing pigs. In conclusion, MCPC enhances nutrient digestion and absorption in the foregut, provides fermentable substrates for hindgut microbial fermentation, and improves gut microbiota composition. This improves hindgut fermentation and supports the synergistic interaction between the foregut and hindgut, ultimately improving nutrient utilization and benefiting animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianpeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingjie Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
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X M. A synthetic review: natural history of amniote reproductive modes in light of comparative evolutionary genomics. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2025; 100:362-406. [PMID: 39300750 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
There is a current lack of consensus on whether the ancestral parity mode was oviparity (egg-laying) or viviparity (live-birth) in amniotes and particularly in squamates (snakes, lizards, and amphisbaenids). How transitions between parity modes occur at the genomic level has primary importance for how science conceptualises the origin of amniotes, and highly variable parity modes in Squamata. Synthesising literature from medicine, poultry science, reproductive biology, and evolutionary biology, I review the genomics and physiology of five broad processes (here termed the 'Main Five') expected to change during transitions between parity modes: eggshell formation, embryonic retention, placentation, calcium transport, and maternal-fetal immune dynamics. Throughout, I offer alternative perspectives and testable hypotheses regarding proximate causes of parity mode evolution in amniotes and squamates. If viviparity did evolve early in the history of lepidosaurs, I offer the nucleation site hypothesis as a proximate explanation. The framework of this hypothesis can be extended to amniotes to infer their ancestral state. I also provide a mechanism and hypothesis on how squamates may transition from viviparity to oviparity and make predictions about the directionality of transitions in three species. After considering evidence for differing perspectives on amniote origins, I offer a framework that unifies (i) the extended embryonic retention model and (ii) the traditional model which describes the amniote egg as an adaptation to the terrestrial environment. Additionally, this review contextualises the origin of amniotes and parity mode evolution within Medawar's paradigm. Medawar posited that pregnancy could be supported by immunosuppression, inertness, evasion, or immunological barriers. I demonstrate that this does not support gestation or gravidity across most amniotes but may be an adequate paradigm to explain how the first amniote tolerated internal fertilization and delayed egg deposition. In this context, the eggshell can be thought of as an immunological barrier. If serving as a barrier underpins the origin of the amniote eggshell, there should be evidence that oviparous gravidity can be met with a lack of immunological responses in utero. Rare examples of two species that differentially express very few genes during gravidity, suggestive of an absent immunological reaction to oviparous gravidity, are two skinks Lampropholis guichenoti and Lerista bougainvillii. These species may serve as good models for the original amniote egg. Overall, this review grounds itself in the historical literature while offering a modern perspective on the origin of amniotes. I encourage the scientific community to utilise this review as a resource in evolutionary and comparative genomics studies, embrace the complexity of the system, and thoughtfully consider the frameworks proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggs X
- Richard Gilder Graduate School at The American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center at the University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Building A08, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Vanwersch IL, Rousian M, Schoenmakers S, Willemsen SP, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Rossem LV. Developing an effective and simple digital screening tool to identify inadequate calcium intake in pregnant women: A prediction model in the Rotterdam periconception cohort. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2025; 305:31-36. [PMID: 39637521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An inadequate intake of calcium in pregnancy is associated with higher risks of maternal hypertensive pregnancy disorders, premature birth and intrauterine growth restriction. An evidence based and clinically applicable tool to efficiently estimate the adequacy of calcium intake in pregnant women currently does not exist. The aim of this study is to develop an effective and simple digital screening tool for calcium intake in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN We extracted all data from the Rotterdam Periconceptional cohort (PREDICT study) conducted at the Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, between November 2014 and December 2020. Data was extracted from food frequency questionnaires. The estimated average requirement of 750 m/day was defined as the lower limit for an adequate calcium intake. We created a prediction model, using multivariable binary logistic regression with backward stepwise selection, predicting the probability of adequate calcium intake. We developed a simple screening tool based on the prediction model. RESULTS 694 participants are included, of which 201 (29 %) had an adequate calcium intake. Total daily or weekly intakes of cheese, milk, and yogurt or curd were selected as predictors for the prediction model. The model had excellent discrimination (AUC 0.858), a good fit (Brier score 0.136, HL statistic p = 0.499) and satisfactory calibration. The test accuracy measures were: sensitivity 80.9 %, specificity 77.1 %, PPV 89.7 %, NPV 62.2 %. A colour coded digital screening tool was developed for use in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS This evidence-based and simple screening tool is a reliable and efficient instrument to predict inadequate calcium intakes in pregnancy, which can easily be incorporated in daily clinical practice and existing pregnancy coaching platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez L Vanwersch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melek Rousian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sten P Willemsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lenie Van Rossem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Passman JE, Ginzberg S, Gasior JA, Krumeich L, Brensinger C, Bader A, Hwang J, Kelz R, Wachtel H. Gastrointestinal surgery, malabsorptive conditions, and postoperative hypocalcemia after neck surgery. Surgery 2025; 177:108905. [PMID: 39472261 PMCID: PMC11649444 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2024.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative hypocalcemia is a common complication of thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Patients with prior gastric bypass face increased risk of postoperative hypocalcemia, but the impact of other malabsorptive conditions is not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between multiple medical and surgical malabsorptive states and hypocalcemia after thyroid and parathyroid surgery. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and/or parathyroidectomy in Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database (2004-2022). Patients were categorized as having surgical (foregut/midgut: gastrectomy, intestinal bypass, enterectomy, enterostomy, pancreatectomy, or hindgut: colectomy/colostomy) or medical (Crohn or Celiac disease) malabsorptive conditions. The primary outcomes were early (<7 days) and late (7-365 days) postoperative hypocalcemia. Logistic regression was performed to determine the associations between malabsorptive conditions and outcomes. RESULTS Of 25,400 patients (56.9% total thyroidectomy, 40.8% parathyroidectomy, and 2.4% both procedures), 4.0% had a pre-existing malabsorptive condition. Early postoperative hypocalcemia occurred in 8.8% of patients, and late hypocalcemia in 18.3%. Thyroidectomy was associated with a greater likelihood of hypocalcemia than parathyroidectomy (odds ratio: 1.22; P < .001). Pancreatectomy was associated with twice the adjusted odds of postoperative hypocalcemia (odds ratio: 2.27; P = .031) across both procedures. Patients with prior foregut/midgut surgery were at higher risk after total thyroidectomy (odds ratio: 1.65, P = .002). This association was significant in late (odds ratio: 1.82, P < .001) rather than early hypocalcemia (odds ratio: 1.33, P = .175). Hindgut surgery and medical malabsorption did not demonstrate such associations. CONCLUSION Prior foregut and midgut resections may predispose patients to postoperative hypocalcemia, particularly in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse E Passman
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Sara Ginzberg
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. https://twitter.com/SaraGinzbergMD
| | - Julia A Gasior
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. https://twitter.com/JuliaAGasior
| | - Lauren Krumeich
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. https://twitter.com/LaurenNorell
| | - Colleen Brensinger
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amanda Bader
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. https://twitter.com/AmandaBader4l
| | - Jasmine Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rachel Kelz
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Heather Wachtel
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Ribeiro AG, Silva RDS, da Silva DA, Nascimento JCDS, de Souza LFA, da Silva EG, Ribeiro JES, Campos DB, Alves CVBDV, Saraiva EP, Costa FGP, Guerra RR. Heat Stress in Japanese Quails ( Coturnix japonica): Benefits of Phytase Supplementation. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:3599. [PMID: 39765504 PMCID: PMC11672450 DOI: 10.3390/ani14243599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
In tropical and subtropical climate regions, heat stress is one of the main causes of production losses in laying quails, aggravated by the antinutritional effects of the phytate in diet ingredients, which negatively affect the bioavailability of minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. This situation results in a reduction in production and the quality of eggs from commercial laying quails. Several nutritional strategies are utilized to reduce the adverse effects of high temperatures and antinutritional factors such as phytate. Among these strategies, the use of exogenous enzymes, such as phytase, stands out as a viable alternative. Phytase breaks down phytate molecules, optimizing the absorption of essential minerals and improving productive performance and egg quality under unfavorable conditions. Specifically, it is recommended to use 1500 FTU of phytase, as it not only reduces the effects of thermal stress but also enhances eggshell thickness and calcium absorption. In this context, this bibliographic review sought to produce a document demonstrating the beneficial effects of the phytase enzyme on the hydrolysis of the phytate molecule, the availability of calcium for Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), and its implications in thermal stress due to heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolônio Gomes Ribeiro
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (E.P.S.); (F.G.P.C.)
| | - Raiane dos Santos Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (E.P.S.); (F.G.P.C.)
| | - Dayane Albuquerque da Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (D.A.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.N.); (L.F.A.d.S.)
| | - Júlio Cézar dos Santos Nascimento
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (D.A.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.N.); (L.F.A.d.S.)
| | - Lilian Francisco Arantes de Souza
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (D.A.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.N.); (L.F.A.d.S.)
| | - Edijanio Galdino da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (E.G.d.S.); (D.B.C.); (C.V.B.d.V.A.)
| | - José Evangelista Santos Ribeiro
- Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rua João Pessoa s/n, Bananeiras 58220-000, PB, Brazil;
| | - Danila Barreiro Campos
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (E.G.d.S.); (D.B.C.); (C.V.B.d.V.A.)
| | | | - Edilson Paes Saraiva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (E.P.S.); (F.G.P.C.)
| | - Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (E.P.S.); (F.G.P.C.)
| | - Ricardo Romão Guerra
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (E.P.S.); (F.G.P.C.)
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Lee YJ, Jung JH, Chung JW. The Relationship Between Lower Vitamin D Levels and Hearing Loss in Older Adults. J Audiol Otol 2024; 28:252-259. [PMID: 38973327 PMCID: PMC11540969 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2023.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a sensorineural disease that is associated with a number of factors. In addition to age, sex, environment, lifestyle, and comorbidities are all known to be related to ARHL as well. The prevalence of ARHL can be reduced by controlling the adjustable factors that cause it. Vitamin D levels are strongly related to calcium metabolism, which can affect ARHL. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D and ARHL. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 1,104 subjects aged >65 years were enrolled from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted from 2010-2012. Every participant received both an audiological assessment and a nutritional survey. The association between ARHL and serum vitamin D concentration was analyzed using logistic regression analyses with complex sampling adjusted for confounding factors such as alcohol consumption, smoking status, mobility, and bone mineral density. RESULTS Our multivariable analysis revealed that males in the group with lower serum levels of vitamin D (< 20 ng/mL) had a higher prevalence of ARHL (odds ratio, 1.638, 95% confidence interval, 1.058-2.538, p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests that lower serum levels of vitamin D are associated with ARHL in the older male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Jung
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Woo Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Fisher M, Weiler HA, Kuiper JR, Borghese M, Buckley JP, Shutt R, Ashley-Martin J, Subramanian A, Arbuckle TE, Potter BK, Little J, Morisset AS, Jukic AM. Vitamin D and Toxic Metals in Pregnancy - a Biological Perspective. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2024; 11:153-163. [PMID: 39156920 PMCID: PMC11329583 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-024-00348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To discuss the potential biological mechanisms between vitamin D and toxic metals and summarize epidemiological studies examining this association in pregnant women. Recent Findings We identified four plausible mechanisms whereby vitamin D and toxic metals may interact: nephrotoxicity, intestinal absorption of metals, endocrine disruption, and oxidative stress. Few studies have examined the association between vitamin D and toxic metals in pregnant women. North American studies suggest that higher vitamin D status early in pregnancy are associated with lower blood metals later in pregnancy. However, a trial of vitamin D supplementation in a pregnant population, with higher metal exposures and lower overall nutritional status, does not corroborate these findings. Summary Given ubiquitous exposure to many toxic metals, nutritional intervention could be a means for prevention of adverse outcomes. Future prospective studies are needed to establish a causal relationship and clarify the directionality of vitamin D and metals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40471-024-00348-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Hope A. Weiler
- Nutrition Research Division, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Jordan R. Kuiper
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Michael Borghese
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Jessie P. Buckley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health Sciences, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
| | - Robin Shutt
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | | | - Anita Subramanian
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Duram, North Carolina USA
| | - Tye E. Arbuckle
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Beth K. Potter
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health (SEPH), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health (SEPH), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | | | - Anne Marie Jukic
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Duram, North Carolina USA
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11
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Eom T, Nam TJ. Calcium absorption by Alaska pollock surimi protein hydrolysate promotes osteoblast differentiation. J Food Sci 2024; 89:2482-2493. [PMID: 38369943 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The calcium-binding capacity and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were studied in Alaska pollock surimi hydrolysate (APSH) using a system that mimics the gastrointestinal digestive system. Evaluation of the calcium absorption-promoting ability of APSH revealed that the best calcium-binding ability was achieved after hydrolysis with a combination of pepsin, α-chymotrypsin, and trypsin, and separation into <3 kDa (APSH-I), 3-5 kDa (APSH-II), 5-10 kDa (APSH-III), and <10 kDa (APSH-IV) fractions. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the hydrolysate and calcium ions formed a complex. Comparison of the calcium absorption capacity using Caco-2 cells showed that calcium absorption was promoted by these hydrolysates. Measurement of the osteoblast activation revealed higher alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization effect for the low-molecular-weight hydrolysate (LMH) than for the other hydrolysates. In addition, LMH promoted the expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -4, which are hormones related to bone formation. Expression of the Runx2 transcription factor, which regulates the expression of these hormones, also increased. These results suggest that Alaska pollock surimi protein hydrolysates prepared using a system that mimics gastrointestinal hydrolysis may result in better osteoblast proliferation and bone health than those prepared using other proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeKil Eom
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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12
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Wang M, Xie H, Tang BZ, Wang WX. Novel Near-Infrared-II In Vivo Visualization Revealed Rapid Calcium Intestine Turnover in Daphnia magna with Delayed Impact by Cadmium and Acidification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4558-4570. [PMID: 38408313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Calcium is a highly demanded metal, and its transport across the intestine of Daphnia magna remains a significant unresolved question. Due to technical constraints, the visualization of the kinetic process of Ca passage through D. magna has been challenging. Here, we developed the second near-infrared Ca sensor (NIR-II Ca) and conducted real-time in vivo imaging of Ca in daphnids with a high signal-to-noise ratio, deep tissue penetration, and minimal damage. Through the utilization of the NIR-II Ca sensor, we for the first time visualized and quantified the kinetic process of Ca passage in the intestine in real time. The results revealed that trophically available Ca passed through the intestines in 24 h, whereas waterborne Ca required only 35 min. This rapid "flushing through" mechanism established waterborne Ca as the primary source of Ca absorption. However, environmental stressors such as water acidification and cadmium significantly delayed the Ca passage and absorption. The development of NIR imaging and sensors allows for real-time dynamic visualization of contaminants/nutrients in organisms and holds great potential as a powerful tool for future studies into material kinetic processes in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Huilin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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13
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Yu YL, Huang QF, An DW, Raad J, Martens DS, Latosinska A, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Van Cleemput J, Feng YQ, Mischak H, Allegaert K, Verhamme P, Janssens S, Nawrot TS, Staessen JA. OSTEO18, a novel urinary proteomic signature, associated with osteoporosis in heart transplant recipients. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24867. [PMID: 38312576 PMCID: PMC10835361 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immunosuppressive treatment in heart transplant (HTx) recipient causes osteoporosis. The urinary proteomic profile (UPP) includes peptide fragments derived from the bone extracellular matrix. Study aims were to develop and validate a multidimensional UPP biomarker for osteoporosis in HTx patients from single sequenced urinary peptides identifying the parent proteins. Methods A single-center HTx cohort was analyzed. Urine samples were measured by capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. Cases with osteoporosis and matching controls were randomly selected from all available 389 patients. In derivation case-control dataset, 1576 sequenced peptides detectable in ≥30 % of patients. Applying statistical analysis on these, an 18-peptide multidimensional osteoporosis UPP biomarker (OSTEO18) was generated by support vector modeling. The 2 replication datasets included 118 and 94 patients. For further validation, the whole cohort was analyzed. Statistical methods included logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results In derivation dataset, the AUC, sensitivity and specificity of OSTEO18 were 0.83 (95 % CI: 0.76-0.90), 74.3 % and 87.1 %, respectively. In replication datasets, results were confirmatory. In the whole cohort (154 osteoporotic patients [39.6 %]), the ORs for osteoporosis increased (p < 0.0001) across OSTEO18 quartiles from 0.39 (95 % CI: 0.25-0.61) to 3.14 (2.08-4.75). With full adjustment for known osteoporosis risk factors, OSTEO18 improved AUC from 0.708 to 0.786 (p = 0.0003) for OSTEO18 categorized (optimized threshold: 0.095) and to 0.784 (p = 0.0004) for OSTEO18 as continuously distributed classifier. Conclusion OSTEO18 is a clinically meaningful novel biomarker indicative of osteoporosis in HTx recipients and is being certified as in-vitro diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Yu
- The Research Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Qi-Fang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Wei An
- The Research Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Julia Raad
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dries S. Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Ying-Qing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- The Research Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jan A. Staessen
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium
- The Biomedical Sciences Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Liesegang A, Burger B, de Vries de Heekelingen T, Schroeter-Vogt C, Hatt JM, Kowalewski MP, Clauss M. Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) increase caecal calcium absorption at increasing dietary calcium levels. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:185-193. [PMID: 37664966 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Hindgut fermenting herbivores from different vertebrate taxa, including tortoises, and among mammals some afrotheria, perissodactyla incl. equids, several rodents as well as lagomorphs absorb more calcium (Ca) from the digesta than they require, and excrete the surplus via urine. Both proximate and ultimate causes are elusive. It was suggested that this mechanism might ensure phosphorus availability for the hindgut microbiome by removing potentially complex-building Ca from the digesta. Here we use Ussing chamber experiments to show that rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) maintained on four different diets (six animals/diet) increase active Ca absorption at increasing Ca levels. This contradicts the common assumption that at higher dietary levels, where passive uptake should be more prevalent, active transport can relax and hence supports the deliberate removal hypothesis. In the rabbits, this absorption was distinctively higher in the caecum than in the duodenum, which is unexpected in mammals. Additional quantification of the presence of two proteins involved in active Ca absorption (calbindin-D9K CB; vitamin D receptor, VDR) showed higher presence with higher dietary Ca. However, their detailed distribution across the intestinal tract and the diet groups suggests that other factors not investigated in this study must play major roles in Ca absorption in rabbits. Investigating strategies of herbivores to mitigate potential negative effects of Ca in the digesta on microbial activity and growth might represent a promising area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Burger
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Tetens I, Hare MH, Petersen CF, Stanstrup J, Hitz MF. The Postprandial Calcium Absorption of a Milk-Derived Calcium Permeate - The Acute RENEW Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:3430-3438. [PMID: 37844839 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that dairy-derived calcium supplements have additional beneficial properties compared with other calcium supplements in relation to bone health. OBJECTIVES We investigated the postprandial calcium absorption from a milk-derived calcium permeate (CP) compared with calcium carbonate (CC). METHODS In this randomized double-blinded cross-over study, 10 healthy postmenopausal females (age 50-65 y) received maltodextrin (placebo), 800 mg calcium from CP or from CC provided in 6 capsules on separate days. A fasting blood sample was collected at baseline, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min after ingestion. At baseline and 360 min, spot-urine samples were collected. Serum-ionized calcium, intact parathyroid hormone, phosphorus, and magnesium were analyzed, as were urinary calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. A linear mixed model was applied. RESULTS Serum-ionized calcium concentration after the CC supplement was higher at 240 min compared with the CP supplement [between-group difference; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.039 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.017-0.061; P = 0.00078]. Serum-ionized calcium concentration after the CC supplement was significantly higher than placebo at all postprandial time points except at 60 min. Urinary calcium concentration in 360 min spot urine was higher after intake of CC compared with CP [between-group difference; 95% CI: 2.47 mmol/L; 95% CI: 1.90-3.03; P = 0.0042]. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial calcium absorption from CP was lower than that of CC, and concurrently, urinary concentration reflected increased serum appearance by CC compared with CP, highlighting different metabolic responses. The long-term and clinical implications should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Tetens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Majbritt Hybholt Hare
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; National Research Center for Bone Health, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Stanstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mette Friberg Hitz
- National Research Center for Bone Health, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
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16
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Langendijk PL, Soede NM. Physiology and management of the peri-parturient sow in the context of changing production conditions. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58 Suppl 2:84-92. [PMID: 37212671 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetic selection has resulted in a considerable increase in litter size, paralleled by an increase in farrowing duration and perinatal mortality. This paper describes some of the physiological changes around farrowing, and how genetic trends and sow management interact with these. Compromised farrowing can be related to nutritional management, or to housing conditions and handling of periparturient sows. Transition diets, for example, can be formulated to support calcium homeostasis and alleviate constipation. The opportunity to express natural behaviours and minimize stress around farrowing can further optimize farrowing conditions and reduce piglet mortality. Loose farrowing systems are part of the answer to the challenges around farrowing; however, current systems do not perform consistently. In conclusion, increased farrowing duration and increased perinatal mortality may to some extent be inevitably related to trends in pig production; however, they can be improved by nutritional measures, housing conditions and farrowing management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N M Soede
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Wi YJ, Na SY. [Calcium, Vitamin D, and Colorectal Cancer]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2023; 82:47-55. [PMID: 37621239 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2023.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has a high incidence and mortality worldwide, with Westernized lifestyles and diet being significant contributing factors. Vitamin D and calcium have been known to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer by affecting cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Despite observational studies which have suggested that a higher serum vitamin D level can lower the risk of colorectal cancer and improve survival rates, no large-scale randomized controlled trials to establish these benefits have been conducted to date. Calcium intake has also been found to have a beneficial role in reducing the incidence and improving survival rates of colorectal cancer in several observational studies. Moreover, intervention studies have proved its effect in preventing colorectal adenomas. However, there are few intervention studies that have identified the relationship of vitamin D and calcium with colon cancer. To elucidate the impact of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on colorectal cancer, well-designed and large-scale randomized controlled trials are necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jo Wi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Huang J, Jin J, Gu L, Sun Y, Zhang L, Huang Y, Yang Z. Persistent and sex-independent effects of decreased calcium concentration inhibiting morphological defense of Daphnia: Evidences from morphological traits and expression of the associated genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162909. [PMID: 36934936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The continuous decline in calcium concentration in freshwater as a widespread environmental stress can have complex effects on the interspecific relationships of organisms, such as interference with the anti-predation defenses of Daphnia with high calcium demand. The natural population of Daphnia includes individuals with different developmental stages and sexes. Here, we measured the effects of decreased calcium concentration on morphological defense of Daphnia after different numbers of molts or under various sexes and the expression of genes related to signal recognition, carapace formation, reproductive allocation, and stress defense. Results showed that decreased Ca concentration resulted in the altered effects of fish kairomone on the change rates of body size, change rates of spine length, and change rates of relative spine length disappear. Furthermore, male Daphnia also developed morphological defense under fish predation risk, which was also inhibited by decreased Ca concentration, but no significant difference was observed in the intensity of induced defense between male and female Daphnia at low Ca concentrations. Importantly, decreased Ca concentrations did not alter the increase in expressions of genes related to neural signaling by fish kairomone. Fish kairomone promoted the expression of reproduction-related genes, whereas decreased Ca concentration inhibited their expression. Fish kairomone altered the expression of carapace-related genes, but most were disturbed by decreased Ca concentration. Decreased Ca concentration inhibited the increased expression of stress defense-related genes by fish kairomone. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of environmental changes on interspecific relationships among aquatic organisms of different developmental stages and different sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Gan J, Xiao Z, Wang K, Kong X, Du M, Wang Z, Xu B, Cheng Y. Isolation, characterization, and molecular docking analyses of novel calcium-chelating peptide from soy yogurt and the study of its calcium chelation mechanism. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2939-2948. [PMID: 36460619 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium is an essential dietary mineral nutrient for humans. Digestive instability limits the bioavailability of calcium ions. Peptide-calcium chelate has been proven to excite higher calcium absorption than amino acid-calcium chelate, organic and inorganic calcium. Soy yogurt, which is produced via liquid-state fermentation using lactic acid bacteria, has a high amount of bioavailable calcium. In this study, a novel peptide with high calcium binding affinity was purified and identified from soy yogurt. The binding mechanism of peptide and calcium was then analyzed by bioinformatics and spectral analysis. Furthermore, the effect of the novel peptide on gastrointestinal stability by the Caco-2 cell model and calcium bioavailability in vivo were investigated by the zebrafish model. RESULTS The results showed that a novel peptide was purified and identified as DEDEQIPSHPPR (CBP). Calcium ions probably coordinate with Glu-2 and Glu-4 carboxyl groups via salt bridges and interact with Asp-1, Asp-3, and Arg-12 in CBP via charge pairing. The calcium binding activity of the CBP was 36.64 ± 0.04 mg g-1 . Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that calcium spontaneously bound to the amino group nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the carboxyl group. The binding mode is either bidentate or unidentate, depending on the circumstances. More importantly, the CBP peptide substantially increased the bone mass in a zebrafish osteoporosis model. CONCLUSION The more glutamic acid and aspartic acid, the high was the calcium affinity with peptide. Soy yogurt-derived peptides can be used as carriers of calcium ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract, which may be clinically useful for osteoporosis therapy. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gan
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ziqun Xiao
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuaitian Wang
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Kong
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Mengdi Du
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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Sprayed microcapsules of minerals for fortified food. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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21
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Wu KC, Cao S, Weaver CM, King NJ, Patel S, Kim TY, Black DM, Kingman H, Shafer MM, Rogers SJ, Stewart L, Carter JT, Posselt AM, Schafer AL. Intestinal Calcium Absorption Decreases After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Despite Optimization of Vitamin D Status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:351-360. [PMID: 36196648 PMCID: PMC10091486 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), now the most commonly performed bariatric operation, is a highly effective treatment for obesity. While Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is known to impair intestinal fractional calcium absorption (FCA) and negatively affect bone metabolism, LSG's effects on calcium homeostasis and bone health have not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE We determined the effect of LSG on FCA, while maintaining robust 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and recommended calcium intake. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Prospective pre-post observational cohort study of 35 women and men with severe obesity undergoing LSG. MAIN OUTCOMES FCA was measured preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively with a gold-standard dual stable isotope method. Other measures included calciotropic hormones, bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography. RESULTS Mean ± SD FCA decreased from 31.4 ± 15.4% preoperatively to 16.1 ± 12.3% postoperatively (P < 0.01), while median (interquartile range) 25OHD levels were 39 (32-46) ng/mL and 36 (30-46) ng/mL, respectively. Concurrently, median 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level increased from 60 (50-82) pg/mL to 86 (72-107) pg/mL (P < 0.01), without significant changes in parathyroid hormone or 24-hour urinary calcium levels. Bone turnover marker levels increased substantially, and areal BMD decreased at the proximal femur. Those with lower postoperative FCA had greater areal BMD loss at the total hip (ρ = 0.45, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS FCA decreases after LSG, with a concurrent rise in bone turnover marker levels and decline in BMD, despite robust 25OHD levels and with recommended calcium intake. Decline in FCA could contribute to negative skeletal effects following LSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin C Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Sisi Cao
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Nicole J King
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Sheena Patel
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Tiffany Y Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Dennis M Black
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hillary Kingman
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Martin M Shafer
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stanley J Rogers
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lygia Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Surgical Services, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Jonathan T Carter
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Andrew M Posselt
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anne L Schafer
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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22
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Almuradova E, Cicin I. Cancer-related hypercalcemia and potential treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1039490. [PMID: 37033238 PMCID: PMC10073684 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1039490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related hypercalcemia is a common finding typically seen in patients with advanced cancer and occurs in about 20 to 30 percent of cases. The most common cause of hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients is hypercalcemia due to malignancy.This clinical problem is seen in patients with both solid tumors and patients with hematologic malignancies. Hypercalcemia is associated with a poor prognosis in oncology patients. This pathologic condition can occur due to many different mechanisms but is usually caused by abnormal calcium use resulting from bone resorption, intestinal absorption, or renal excretion. Hypercalcemia may present with a wide range of symptoms ranging from gastrointestinal system symptoms to neurologic symptoms. Timely diagnosis and initiation of treatment by the physician significantly reduce the risk of complications. Treatment aims to decrease serum calcium by increasing calciuresis, decreasing bone resorption, and decreasing intestinal calcium absorption. The mainstays of treatment are IV hydration, bisphosphonates and calcitonin, denosumab, and in some patients, prednisone, and cinacalcet. Patients with underlying advanced kidney disease and refractory severe hypercalcemia should be evaluated for hemodialysis. Every physician dealing with oncology patients should know the fastest and most effective management of hypercalcemia. We aimed to contribute in this sense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irfan Cicin
- Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Trakya, Türkiye
- *Correspondence: Irfan Cicin,
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23
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Walker V, Vuister GW. Biochemistry and pathophysiology of the Transient Potential Receptor Vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) calcium channel. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 113:43-100. [PMID: 36858649 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
TRPV6 is a Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) cation channel with high selectivity for Ca2+ ions. First identified in 1999 in a search for the gene which mediates intestinal Ca2+ absorption, its far more extensive repertoire as a guardian of intracellular Ca2+ has since become apparent. Studies on TRPV6-deficient mice demonstrated additional important roles in placental Ca2+ transport, fetal bone development and male fertility. The first reports of inherited deficiency in newborn babies appeared in 2018, revealing its physiological importance in humans. There is currently strong evidence that TRPV6 also contributes to the pathogenesis of some common cancers. The recently reported association of TRPV6 deficiency with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis suggests a role in normal pancreatic function. Over time and with greater awareness of TRPV6, other disease-associations are likely to emerge. Powerful analytical tools have provided invaluable insights into the structure and operation of TRPV6. Its roles in Ca2+ signaling and carcinogenesis, and the use of channel inhibitors in cancer treatment are being intensively investigated. This review first briefly describes the biochemistry and physiology of the channel, and analytical methods used to investigate these. The focus subsequently shifts to the clinical disorders associated with abnormal expression and the underlying pathophysiology. The aims of this review are to increase awareness of this channel, and to draw together findings from a wide range of sources which may help to formulate new ideas for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Walker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Geerten W Vuister
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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24
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Chen X, An Z, Wei L, Zhang J, Li J, Wang Z, Gao C, Wei D. Vitamin D 3 Metabolic Enzymes in Plateau Zokor ( Myospalax baileyi) and Plateau Pika ( Ochotona curzoniae): Expression and Response to Hypoxia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182371. [PMID: 36139230 PMCID: PMC9495108 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (D3) is produced endogenously from 7-dehydrocholesterol by irradiation and is an important secosteroid for the absorption of calcium and phosphate. Lithocholic acid (LCA) increases intestinal paracellular calcium absorption in a vitamin D receptor-dependent manner in vitamin D-deficient rats. The plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi), a strictly subterranean species, and plateau pika are endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To verify whether the zokors were deficient in D3 and reveal the effects of hypoxia on D3 metabolism in the zokors and pikas, we measured the levels of 25(OH)D3, calcium, and LCA, and quantified the expression levels of D3 metabolism-related genes. The results showed an undetectable serum level of 25(OH)D3 and a significantly higher concentration of LCA in the serum of plateau zokor, but its calcium concentration was within the normal range compared with that of plateau pika and Sprague-Dawley rats. With increasing altitude, the serum 25(OH)D3 levels in plateau pika decreased significantly, and the mRNA and protein levels of CYP2R1 (in the liver) and CYP27B1 (in the kidney) in plateau pika decreased significantly. Our results indicate that plateau zokors were deficient in D3 and abundant in LCA, which might be a substitution of D3 in the zokor. Furthermore, hypoxia suppresses the metabolism of D3 by down-regulating the expression of CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 in plateau pika.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Chen
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhifang An
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Linna Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jimei Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Conghui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Dengbang Wei
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-971-531-0695
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25
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Fisher M, Potter B, Little J, Oulhote Y, Weiler HA, Fraser W, Morisset AS, Braun J, Ashley-Martin J, Borghese MM, Shutt R, Kumarathasan P, Lanphear B, Walker M, Arbuckle TE. Blood metals and vitamin D status in a pregnancy cohort: A bidirectional biomarker analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113034. [PMID: 35240110 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), a biomarker of vitamin D status, is associated with reduced immune function and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth. Observational studies indicate that long-term, high level exposure to metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) can impact a person's vitamin D status. However, the directionality of the association is uncertain, particularly for low-level exposures. We used three distinct longitudinal data analysis methods to investigate cross-sectional, longitudinal and bidirectional relationships of Cd and Pb biomarkers with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in a Canadian pregnancy cohort. Maternal whole blood Cd and Pb and plasma 25OHD concentrations were measured in the 1st (n = 1905) and 3rd (n = 1649) trimester and at delivery (25OHD only, n = 1542). Our multivariable linear regression analysis showed weak inverse associations between Cd and 25OHD concentrations cross-sectionally and longitudinally while the latent growth curve models showed weak associations with Pb on the 25OHD intercept. In the bidirectional analysis, using cross lagged panel models, we found no association between 1st trimester metals and 3rd trimester 25OHD. Instead, 1st trimester 25OHD was associated with 9% (-15%, -3%) lower 3rd trimester Cd and 3% (-7, 0.1%) lower Pb. These findings suggest the 25OHD may modify metal concentrations in pregnancy and demonstrates the value of controlling for contemporaneous effects and the persistence of a biomarker over time, in order to rule out reverse causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health, Canada; University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health (SEPH), Canada.
| | - Beth Potter
- University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health (SEPH), Canada
| | - Julian Little
- University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health (SEPH), Canada
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hope A Weiler
- Nutrition Research Division, Health Products and Food Branch, Health, Canada
| | | | | | - Joseph Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, USA
| | | | | | - Robin Shutt
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health, Canada
| | | | | | - Mark Walker
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health, Canada
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26
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Nutritional Calcium Supply Dependent Calcium Balance, Bone Calcification and Calcium Isotope Ratios in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147796. [PMID: 35887143 PMCID: PMC9322359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum calcium isotopes (δ44/42Ca) have been suggested as a non-invasive and sensitive Ca balance marker. Quantitative δ44/42Ca changes associated with Ca flux across body compartment barriers relative to the dietary Ca and the correlation of δ44/42CaSerum with bone histology are unknown. We analyzed Ca and δ44/42Ca by mass-spectrometry in rats after two weeks of standard-Ca-diet (0.5%) and after four subsequent weeks of standard- and of low-Ca-diet (0.25%). In animals on a low-Ca-diet net Ca gain was 61 ± 3% and femur Ca content 68 ± 41% of standard-Ca-diet, bone mineralized area per section area was 68 ± 15% compared to standard-Ca-diet. δ44/42Ca was similar in the diets, and decreased in feces and urine and increased in serum in animals on low-Ca-diet. δ44/42CaBone was higher in animals on low-Ca-diet, lower in the diaphysis than the metaphysis and epiphysis, and unaffected by gender. Independent of diet, δ44/42CaBone was similar in the femora and ribs. At the time of sacrifice, δ44/42CaSerum inversely correlated with intestinal Ca uptake and histological bone mineralization markers, but not with Ca content and bone mineral density by µCT. In conclusion, δ44/42CaBone was bone site specific, but mechanical stress and gender independent. Low-Ca-diet induced marked changes in feces, serum and urine δ44/42Ca in growing rats. δ44/42CaSerum inversely correlated with markers of bone mineralization.
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27
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Naciu AM, Tabacco G, Bilezikian JP, Santonati A, Bosco D, Incognito GG, Gaspa G, Manfrini S, Falchetti A, Trimboli P, Mazziotti G, Napoli N, Sanson G, Cesareo R, Vescini F, Palermo A. Calcium Citrate Versus Calcium Carbonate in the Management of Chronic Hypoparathyroidism: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Clinical Trial. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1251-1259. [PMID: 35466449 PMCID: PMC9542059 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT), calcium supplementation is virtually always required, although the disease is likely to be associated with an increased risk of nephrolithiasis. The use of calcium citrate (Ca-Cit) theoretically could have a positive impact on the nephrolithiasis risk because citrate salts are used to reduce this risk. Our objective was to evaluate the potential therapeutic advantage of Ca-Cit in comparison with calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) in HypoPT, on nephrolithiasis risk factors, as well as to their ability to maintain desirable serum calcium levels. We also evaluated these preparations on quality of life (QOL). This randomized, double-blind, crossover trial recruited 24 adults with postsurgical chronic hypoparathyroidism at Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome. Participants were randomized 1:1 to Ca-Cit or CaCO3 for 1 month and then crossed over to the other treatment for another month. The primary outcomes were changes in albumin-adjusted serum calcium and in ion activity product of calcium oxalate levels (AP[CaOx] index). Secondary efficacy outcomes included changes in SF-36 survey score, fatigue score, constipation, and adverse events. No difference in terms of AP(CaOx) index was observed between the two groups. However, Ca-Cit was associated with a significant reduction in the oxalate/creatinine ratio compared with CaCO3 (-2.46 mmol/mol [SD 11.93] versus 7.42 mmol/mol [SD 17.63], p = 0.029). Serum calcium and phosphorus concentration was not different between the two calcium preparations. Ca-Cit was associated with less constipation (p = 0.047). No difference was found in QOL scores. Although Ca-Cit did not modify the AP(CaOx) index when compared with CaCO3, it was associated with a reduction in urinary oxalate excretion that could have a potential beneficial effect on nephrolithiasis risk. These results are likely to have clinical implications in HypoPT, particularly those who do not tolerate CaCO3 and those affected by nephrolithiasis. A longer-term experience is needed to confirm these findings. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Mihaela Naciu
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Disorders, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome.,Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome
| | - Gaia Tabacco
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Disorders, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome.,Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Assunta Santonati
- Department of Endocrinology, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosco
- Department of Endocrinology, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gianluigi Gaspa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Trimboli
- Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lugano Regional Hospital, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicola Napoli
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Disorders, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome.,Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome
| | - Gianfranco Sanson
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Cesareo
- UOS Malattie Metaboliche, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Fabio Vescini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, University-Hospital S. M. Misericordia of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Disorders, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome.,Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome
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28
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Schappacher-Tilp G, Kotanko P, Pirklbauer M. Mathematical Models of Parathyroid Gland Biology: Complexity and Clinical Use. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2022; 2:893391. [PMID: 37674998 PMCID: PMC10479576 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2022.893391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Altered parathyroid gland biology is a major driver of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) in patients with chronic kidney disease. CKD-MBD is associated with a high risk of vascular calcification and cardiovascular events. A hallmark of CKD-MBD is secondary hyperparathyroidism with increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) synthesis and release and reduced expression of calcium-sensing receptors on the surface of parathyroid cells and eventually hyperplasia of parathyroid gland cells. The KDIGO guidelines strongly recommend the control of PTH in hemodialysis patients. Due to the complexity of parathyroid gland biology, mathematical models have been employed to study the interaction of PTH regulators and PTH plasma concentrations. Here, we present an overview of various model approaches and discuss the impact of different model structures and complexities on the clinical use of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Schappacher-Tilp
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Applied Science FH Joanneum, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Mathematics and Scientific Computing, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Kotanko
- Renal Research Institute New York, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Markus Pirklbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV - Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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29
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Cereal and Juice, Lead and Arsenic, Our Children at Risk: A Call for the FDA to Re-Evaluate the Allowable Limits of Lead and Arsenic That Children May Ingest. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105788. [PMID: 35627325 PMCID: PMC9140990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eliminating heavy metal contamination of foods is a goal yet to be achieved in the U.S. In recent months, efforts have been underway to have the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) re-evaluate the permissible limits of lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) allowable in cereals and juices aimed for consumption by children. This report discusses the recent scientific literature that support proposed revisions in these limits. It presents proactive suggestions for the FDA to consider in its response to concerns of ongoing Pb and As exposures in food and drinks. While more scientific studies are needed to better define ‘safe’ levels of Pb and As exposures and ingestion of these elements in general are neurotoxic, the higher sensitivity of children to these toxic elements makes it imperative that the FDA adjust standards to be most protective of infants, toddlers, and children.
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30
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Khattar V, Wang L, Peng JB. Calcium selective channel TRPV6: Structure, function, and implications in health and disease. Gene 2022; 817:146192. [PMID: 35031425 PMCID: PMC8950124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-selective channel TRPV6 (Transient Receptor Potential channel family, Vanilloid subfamily member 6) belongs to the TRP family of cation channels and plays critical roles in transcellular calcium (Ca2+) transport, reuptake of Ca2+ into cells, and maintaining a local low Ca2+ environment for certain biological processes. Recent crystal and cryo-electron microscopy-based structures of TRPV6 have revealed mechanistic insights on how the protein achieves Ca2+ selectivity, permeation, and inactivation by calmodulin. The TRPV6 protein is expressed in a range of epithelial tissues such as the intestine, kidney, placenta, epididymis, and exocrine glands such as the pancreas, prostate and salivary, sweat, and mammary glands. The TRPV6 gene is a direct transcriptional target of the active form of vitamin D and is efficiently regulated to meet the body's need for Ca2+ demand. In addition, TRPV6 is also regulated by the level of dietary Ca2+ and under physiological conditions such as pregnancy and lactation. Genetic models of loss of function in TRPV6 display hypercalciuria, decreased bone marrow density, deficient weight gain, reduced fertility, and in some cases alopecia. The models also reveal that the channel plays an indispensable role in maintaining maternal-fetal Ca2+ transport and low Ca2+ environment in the epididymal lumen that is critical for male fertility. Most recently, loss of function mutations in TRPV6 gene is linked to transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism and early onset chronic pancreatitis. TRPV6 is overexpressed in a wide range of human malignancies and its upregulation is strongly correlated to tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor survival in selected cancers. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the expression, structure, biophysical properties, function, polymorphisms, and regulation of TRPV6. The aberrant expression, polymorphisms, and dysfunction of this protein linked to human diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Khattar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ji-Bin Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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31
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Wu KC, Cao S, Weaver CM, King NJ, Patel S, Kingman H, Sellmeyer DE, McCauley K, Li D, Lynch SV, Kim TY, Black DM, Shafer MM, Özçam M, Lin DL, Rogers SJ, Stewart L, Carter JT, Posselt AM, Schafer AL. Prebiotic to Improve Calcium Absorption in Postmenopausal Women After Gastric Bypass: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1053-1064. [PMID: 34888663 PMCID: PMC8947782 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The adverse skeletal effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are partly caused by intestinal calcium absorption decline. Prebiotics, such as soluble corn fiber (SCF), augment colonic calcium absorption in healthy individuals. OBJECTIVE We tested the effects of SCF on fractional calcium absorption (FCA), biochemical parameters, and the fecal microbiome in a post-RYGB population. METHODS Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 20 postmenopausal women with history of RYGB a mean 5 years prior; a 2-month course of 20 g/day SCF or maltodextrin placebo was taken orally. The main outcome measure was between-group difference in absolute change in FCA (primary outcome) and was measured with a gold standard dual stable isotope method. Other measures included tolerability, adherence, serum calciotropic hormones and bone turnover markers, and fecal microbial composition via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Mean FCA ± SD at baseline was low at 5.5 ± 5.1%. Comparing SCF to placebo, there was no between-group difference in mean (95% CI) change in FCA (+3.4 [-6.7, +13.6]%), nor in calciotropic hormones or bone turnover markers. The SCF group had a wider variation in FCA change than placebo (SD 13.4% vs 7.0%). Those with greater change in microbial composition following SCF treatment had greater increase in FCA (r2 = 0.72, P = 0.05). SCF adherence was high, and gastrointestinal symptoms were similar between groups. CONCLUSION No between-group differences were observed in changes in FCA or calciotropic hormones, but wide CIs suggest a variable impact of SCF that may be due to the degree of gut microbiome alteration. Daily SCF consumption was well tolerated. Larger and longer-term studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin C Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Sisi Cao
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Human Sciences, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nicole J King
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Sheena Patel
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Hillary Kingman
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Deborah E Sellmeyer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kathryn McCauley
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Danny Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tiffany Y Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Dennis M Black
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Martin M Shafer
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mustafa Özçam
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Din L Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stanley J Rogers
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lygia Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Surgical Services, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Jonathan T Carter
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Andrew M Posselt
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anne L Schafer
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Colonic expression of calcium transporter TRPV6 is regulated by dietary sodium butyrate. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:293-302. [PMID: 34997297 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers have been shown to increase the intestinal absorption of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). However, the mechanisms that explain the enhanced electrolyte absorption remain unknown. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the short-term and long-term effects of 5% (w/w) sodium butyrate (Na-butyrate), an important end-metabolite of bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers, on Ca2+ and Mg2+ homeostasis in mice. Serum Ca2+ levels were only significantly increased in mice treated with Na-butyrate for 1 day. This was associated with a twofold increase in the mRNA expression levels of Trpv6 in the proximal and distal colon. Contrary, Na-butyrate did not affect serum Mg2+ concentrations at either of the intervention periods. However, we observed a reduction in urinary Mg2+ excretion, although not significantly, after 1 day of treatment. A significant reduction of 2.5-fold in urinary Mg2+ excretion was observed after 14 days of treatment. Indeed, 14-day Na-butyrate supplementation increased colonic Trpm7 expression by 1.2-fold compared to control mice. In conclusion, short-term Na-butyrate supplementation increases serum Ca2+ levels in mice. This was associated with increased mRNA expression levels of Trpv6 in the colon, suggesting that Na-butyrate regulates the expression of genes involved in active intestinal Ca2+ absorption.
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Tourky M, Issa M, Salman MA, Salman A, Shaaban HED, Safina A, Elias AAK, Elewa A, Noureldin K, Mahmoud AA, Dorra A, Farah M, Gebril M, Gasemelseed Fadlallah Elhaj M, Barbary H. Nutritional Complications After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass: A Comparative Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2022; 14:e21114. [PMID: 35036236 PMCID: PMC8752406 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out involving studies that compared the nutritional complications of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB); these included the incidence of malnutrition as well as deficiencies of other nutritional elements, such as total protein, albumin, calcium and iron. A comprehensive search strategy was implemented in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Effect sizes included the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), as well as mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs of the percentage total weight loss (%TWL) and excess weight loss percentage (%EWL). Thirteen studies were included (12,964 patients, 66.27% females, 53.82% underwent OAGB). At the longest follow-up period (≥3 years), OAGB was associated with significantly higher %TWL (MD=5.41%, 95%CI, 1.52 to 9.29) and %EWL (MD=13.81%, 95%CI, 9.60 to 18.02) compared to RYGB. However, OAGB procedures were associated with malnutrition (OR=3.00, 95%CI, 1.68 to 5.36, p<0.0001), hypoalbuminemia (OR=2.38, 95%CI, 1.65 to 3.43, p<0.0001), hypoproteinemia (OR=1.85, 95%CI, 1.09 to 3.14, p=0.022), anemia (OR=1.38, 95%CI, 1.08 to 1.77, p=0.011), and hypocalcemia (OR=1.78, 95%CI, 1.01 to 3.12, p=0.046). On subgroup analyses, the proportions of anemia and hypoalbuminemia remained significantly higher at longer follow-up periods and in studies published in Asia. Despite the favorable weight loss profile, the unfavorable nutritional consequences of OAGB merits further investigations to explore the malabsorptive element, ethnic variation, and the role of biliopancreatic limb length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tourky
- General Surgery, Great Western Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, GBR
| | - Mohamed Issa
- Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birkenhead, GBR
- Surgery, Prince Charles Hospital, Myrther Tydfil, GBR
| | - Mohamed A Salman
- Surgery, KasrAlainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
| | - Ahmed Salman
- Internal Medicine, KasrAlainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
| | - Hossam El-Din Shaaban
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, EGY
| | - Ahmed Safina
- General Surgery, KasrAlainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
| | - Abd Al-Kareem Elias
- General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit Branch, Kafr El-Sheikh, EGY
| | - Ahmed Elewa
- General Laparoscopic and Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HBP) Surgery, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, EGY
| | - Khaled Noureldin
- General Surgery, KasrAlainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
- Colorectal Surgery, Southend University Hospital, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, GBR
| | | | - Ahmed Dorra
- Surgery, Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Crewe, GBR
| | - Mohamed Farah
- Urology, Sunderland Royal Hospital, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, GBR
| | - Mahmoud Gebril
- General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Al Qabary Specialized Oncology Center, Alexandria, EGY
| | | | - Hesham Barbary
- General and Laparoscopic Surgery, El Zaitoun Specialized Hospital, Cairo, EGY
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Christakos S. Vitamin D: A Critical Regulator of Intestinal Physiology. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10554. [PMID: 34950825 PMCID: PMC8674771 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is required for the functioning of numerous biological processes and is essential for skeletal health. The major source of new calcium is from the diet. The central role of vitamin D in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis is to increase the absorption of ingested calcium from the intestine. The critical importance of vitamin D in this process is noted in the causal link between vitamin D deficiency and rickets, as well as in studies using genetically modified mice including mice deficient in the vitamin D receptor (Vdr null mice) or in the cytochrome P‐450 enzyme, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3‐1α‐ hydroxylase (CYP27B1) that converts 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 to the hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] (Cyp27b1 null mice). When these mice are fed diets with high calcium and lactose, rickets is prevented. The studies using mouse models provide supporting evidence indicating that the major physiological function of 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR is intestinal calcium absorption. This review summarizes what is known about mechanisms involved in vitamin D‐regulated intestinal calcium absorption. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D does not affect a single entity, but that a complex network of calcium‐regulating components is involved in the process of 1,25(OH)2D3‐mediated active intestinal calcium absorption. In addition, numerous 1,25(OH)2D3 actions in the intestine have been described independent of calcium absorption. Although the translatability to humans requires further definition, an overview is presented that provides compelling evidence from the laboratory of 1,25(OH)2D3 intestinal effects, which include the regulation of adhesion molecules to enhance barrier function, the regulation of intestinal stem cell function, cellular homeostasis of other divalent cations, the regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes, and anti‐inflammatory effects. © 2021 The Author. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ USA
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Safety Assessment of Vitamin D and Its Photo-Isomers in UV-Irradiated Baker's Yeast. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123142. [PMID: 34945693 PMCID: PMC8701098 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency due to, e.g., nutritional and life style reasons is a health concern that is gaining increasing attention over the last two decades. Vitamin D3, the most common isoform of vitamin D, is only available in food derived from animal sources. However, mushrooms and yeast are rich in ergosterol. This compound can be converted into vitamin D2 by UV-light, and therefore act as a precursor for vitamin D. Vitamin D2 from UV-irradiated mushrooms has become an alternative source of vitamin D, especially for persons pursuing a vegan diet. UV-irradiated baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for the production of fortified yeast-leavened bread and baked goods was approved as a Novel Food Ingredient in the European Union, according to Regulation (EC) No. 258/97. The Scientific Opinion provided by the European Food Safety Authority Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies has assessed this Novel Food Ingredient as safe under the intended nutritional use. However, recent findings on the formation of side products during UV-irradiation, e.g., the photoproducts tachysterol and lumisterol which are compounds with no adequate risk assessment performed, have only been marginally considered for this EFSA opinion. Furthermore, proceedings in analytics can provide additional insights, which might open up new perspectives, also regarding the bioavailability and potential health benefits of vitamin D-fortified mushrooms and yeast. Therefore, this review is intended to give an overview on the current status of UV irradiation in mushrooms and yeast in general and provide a detailed assessment on the potential health effects of UV-irradiated baker’s yeast.
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Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Their Association with Kidney Stone Disease: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124363. [PMID: 34959915 PMCID: PMC8707627 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease is a multifactorial condition influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as lifestyle and dietary habits. Although different monogenic polymorphisms have been proposed as playing a causal role for calcium nephrolithiasis, the prevalence of these mutations in the general population and their complete pathogenetic pathway is yet to be determined. General dietary advice for kidney stone formers includes elevated fluid intake, dietary restriction of sodium and animal proteins, avoidance of a low calcium diet, maintenance of a normal body mass index, and elevated intake of vegetables and fibers. Thus, balanced calcium consumption protects against the risk for kidney stones by reducing intestinal oxalate availability and its urinary excretion. However, calcium supplementation given between meals might increase urinary calcium excretion without the beneficial effect on oxalate. In kidney stone formers, circulating active vitamin D has been found to be increased, whereas higher plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol seems to be present only in hypercalciuric patients. The association between nutritional vitamin D supplements and the risk for stone formation is currently not completely understood. However, taken together, available evidence might suggest that vitamin D administration worsens the risk for stone formation in patients predisposed to hypercalciuria. In this review, we analyzed and discussed available literature on the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on the risk for kidney stone formation.
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Li H, Duan S, Yuan P, Liu J, Wang X, Liu Y, Peng Y, Pan C, Xia K. Preparation of casein phosphopeptides calcium complex and the promotion in calcium cellular uptake through transcellular transport pathway. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e14001. [PMID: 34751452 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the stability of casein phosphopeptides (CPP) and obtained peptide-calcium complex by heating and chelating the peptide with CaCl2 in a neutral solution. To assess the bioavailability of various calcium formulations, the calcium transport models were established in Caco-2 cells, and the transcellular transport pathways of various calcium formulations were studied by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results of circular dichroism showed that CPP was a stable polypeptide. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum and Fourier transform-infrared spectrum (FT-IR) indicated that calcium could be chelated by carboxyl oxygen and amino nitrogen atoms of CPP to form peptide calcium chelate, and the calcium bioavailability of peptide calcium chelate was significantly higher than that of CaCl2 , calcium l-aspartate, and casein phosphopeptides mixed with CaCl2 . Four calcium sources increased the expression of TRPV5 and TRPV6 genes and proteins. The study intended to provide a basis for developing a novel calcium supplement. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This paper examined the bioavailability of casein phosphopeptides calcium complex, CaCl2 , calcium l-aspartate, and casein phosphopeptides mixed with CaCl2 in Caco-2 cells, and the mechanisms were detected by western blotting. The results provide theoretical knowledge for the selection of calcium supplement raw materials and lay a foundation for the development of compound calcium preparations and drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglin Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxuan Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Diseases, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
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Bhar S, Bose T, Dutta A, Mande SS. A perspective on the benefits of consumption of parboiled rice over brown rice for glycaemic control. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:615-624. [PMID: 34613432 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rice is a staple food for over 3.5 billion people worldwide. The nutritional content of rice varies with different post-harvest processing techniques. Major varieties include brown rice (BR), white rice (WR) and parboiled rice (PBR). While consumption of BR is advocated due to its higher nutritional content compared to other varieties, some studies have indicated lower post-prandial blood glucose (PPBG) levels when PBR is consumed. This apparent benefit of PBR consumption is not well publicised and no commentaries on underlying mechanisms are available in literature. METHODS In this review, we looked into differential nutrient content of PBR, as compared to BR and WR, and tried to understand how their consumption could be associated with glycaemic control. Various roles played by these nutrients in mechanisms of insulin secretion, insulin resistance, nutrient absorption and T2DM-associated inflammation were reviewed from literature-based evidence. RESULTS We report differential nutritional factors in PBR, with respect to BR (and WR), such as higher calcium and selenium content, lower phytic acids, and enriched vitamin B6 which might aid PBR's ability to provide better glycaemic control than BR. CONCLUSION Our interpretation of reviewed literature leads us to suggest the possible benefits of PBR consumption in glycaemic control and its inclusion as the preferred rice variant in diets of T2DM patients and at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Bhar
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411 013, India
| | - Tungadri Bose
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411 013, India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411 013, India.
| | - Sharmila S Mande
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411 013, India.
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Preventing calcium and vitamin D deficiencies following weight loss and metabolic surgery. BMC Surg 2021; 21:351. [PMID: 34563195 PMCID: PMC8464128 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Uncertain nutritional outcomes following common metabolic surgical techniques are concerning given the long-term potential for postoperative metabolic bone disease. This study aims to investigate the variations in serum calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels following Roux-en-Y Gastric bypass (RYBP) and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG). Methods A retrospective analysis of 370 patients who underwent metabolic surgery at a single-centre group practice in Melbourne, Australia, over 2 years. Results Patients underwent SG (n = 281) or RYGP (n = 89), with 75% and 87% of the cohort being female, respectively. Postoperative mean serum calcium levels and median serum vitamin D levels improved significantly by 24 months within both cohorts. Serum PTH levels within the RYBP group were significantly higher than the SG group across all time points. PTH levels significantly fell from 5.7 (IQR 4.2–7.4) to 5.00 (4.1–6.5) pmol/L by 24 months following SG. However, PTH levels following RYBP remained stable at 24 months, from 6.1 (IQR 4.7–8.7) to 6.4 (4.9–8.1) pmol/L. Furthermore, we failed to notice a significant improvement in PTH levels following RYBP among those with higher PTH levels preoperatively. Conclusion Higher PTH levels following RYBP, compared to SG, may imply we are undertreating patients who are inherently subjected to a greater degree of malabsorption and underlying nutritional deficiencies. This finding calls for a tailored supplementation protocol, particularly for those with high preoperative PTH levels undergoing RYBP, to prevent deficiencies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12893-021-01348-3.
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Betz MV, Coe FL, Chapman AB. Agreement of Food Records and 24-Hour Urine Studies in Clinical Practice. J Ren Nutr 2021; 32:51-57. [PMID: 34429244 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the level of agreement between 3-day food records obtained as part of clinical care with 24-hour urine collections specifically assessing sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, protein, and fluid intake. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected from patients at a nephrology clinic in a metropolitan, academic medical center. Patients who completed both a 3-day food record and a 24-hour urine collection were analyzed. Food record and urine collection measurements were compared using a simple ratio, Pearson's correlation, and general linear models. RESULTS Patients (n = 85) were 47.9 ± 15.2 years of age, 54% were female, with a mean serum creatinine of 1.3 ± 0.7 mg/dL and estimated glomerular filtration rate of 64.2 ± 25.6 mL/min. Patients had autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (48.2%), nephrolithiasis (31.1%), chronic kidney disease (4.7%), or other genetic or cystic conditions impacting the kidney (12.9%). Nutrient intake was measured utilizing a 3-day food record. Food records and urine collections were compared using the values, correlations, and general linear models. Fluid intake demonstrated the highest agreement (ratio 1.01) and calcium demonstrated the least agreement (ratio 6.30). Significant correlations were demonstrated for phosphorus (r = 0.321, P = .003), magnesium (r = 0.256, P = .018), protein (r = 0.555, P < .000), and fluid (r = 0.277, P = .010) intake. Food record intake of potassium (P = .046), protein (P = .004), and fluid (P = .010) were significant predictors of 24-hour urine excretion. CONCLUSION 3-day food records are useful tools to determine patient dietary patterns, but should be used with caution when assessing specific nutrient intake in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie V Betz
- Chronic Kidney Disease Nutrition & Education Specialist, Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Fredric L Coe
- Professor of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Arlene B Chapman
- Chief of Section of Nephrology & Professor of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Atwal J, Stockman J, Gilham M, Allaway D, Renfrew H, Bakke AM, Watson P. No Observed Adverse Effects on Health Were Detected in Adult Beagle Dogs When Fed a High-Calcium Diet for 40 Weeks. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061799. [PMID: 34208630 PMCID: PMC8234157 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Calcium (Ca) is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in many bodily functions. There is evidence that high levels of dietary Ca for puppies and growing dogs can result in adverse growth and health effects, with certain breeds and dog size categories being most susceptible, for example, large breed sizes or beagles. Until recently, little was known about the health consequences of high Ca diets to adult dog, however, a study in the large sized breed Labrador retriever found no adverse health consequences when feeding diets containing levels of Ca near maximum levels set by pet food regulators (2.5 g per 100 g dry matter) for 40 weeks. This current study fed a similar high Ca diet to adult beagles, a medium sized breed for 40 weeks and monitored the dogs’ health using an extensive suite of health parameters. All dogs remained healthy and did not display any clinically relevant signs of adverse health relating to diet at any point during or following completion of the study. Abstract The implications of long-term high calcium (Ca) intake are well documented in growing dogs and in adult dogs of large breed size, however, the consequences on other breeds and breed sizes are yet to be determined. Eighteen neutered adult beagles, nine males and nine females aged 1.4–4.4 years, were randomized to control or test diets providing in g∙4184 kJ−1 (1000 kcal−1): 1.44 and 7.19 total Ca balanced with 1.05 and 4.25 total phosphorus, respectively, for 40 weeks. Health parameters, ultrasound scans, radiographs, glomerular filtration rate, and mineral balance were measured at eight-week intervals. All dogs remained healthy with no measured evidence of orthopedic, urinary, or renal disease. The test diet resulted in a 5.2 fold increase in fecal Ca excretion. Apparent Ca digestibility (%) and Ca balance (g/d) did not significantly (p > 0.05) change from baseline in the test diet group, although dogs displayed a positive Ca balance (maximum at week 8, 1.11 g/d with 95% CI (0.41, 1.80)) before a neutral Ca balance was restored at week 32. Despite an initial positive Ca balance, we can conclude that no measurable adverse health effects were observed as a result of the test diet fed in this study in beagles over a period of 40 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jujhar Atwal
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK; (J.S.); (M.G.); (D.A.); (A.M.B.); (P.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jonathan Stockman
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK; (J.S.); (M.G.); (D.A.); (A.M.B.); (P.W.)
| | - Matthew Gilham
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK; (J.S.); (M.G.); (D.A.); (A.M.B.); (P.W.)
| | - David Allaway
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK; (J.S.); (M.G.); (D.A.); (A.M.B.); (P.W.)
| | - Helen Renfrew
- Renfrew Imaging, Grove Road, Bladon, Woodstock OX20 1RD, UK;
| | - Anne Marie Bakke
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK; (J.S.); (M.G.); (D.A.); (A.M.B.); (P.W.)
| | - Phillip Watson
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK; (J.S.); (M.G.); (D.A.); (A.M.B.); (P.W.)
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Asowata EO, Olusanya O, Abaakil K, Chichger H, Srai SKS, Unwin RJ, Marks J. Diet-induced iron deficiency in rats impacts small intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13650. [PMID: 33749990 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent reports suggest that iron deficiency impacts both intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption, although the exact transport pathways and intestinal segment responsible have not been determined. Therefore, we aimed to systematically investigate the impact of iron deficiency on the cellular mechanisms of transcellular and paracellular calcium and phosphate transport in different regions of the rat small intestine. METHODS Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on a control or iron-deficient diet for 2 weeks and changes in intestinal calcium and phosphate uptake were determined using the in situ intestinal loop technique. The circulating levels of the hormonal regulators of calcium and phosphate were determined by ELISA, while the expression of transcellular calcium and phosphate transporters, and intestinal claudins were determined using qPCR and western blotting. RESULTS Diet-induced iron deficiency significantly increased calcium absorption in the duodenum but had no impact in the jejunum and ileum. In contrast, phosphate absorption was significantly inhibited in the duodenum and to a lesser extent the jejunum, but remained unchanged in the ileum. The changes in duodenal calcium and phosphate absorption in the iron-deficient animals were associated with increased claudin 2 and 3 mRNA and protein levels, while levels of parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor-23 and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 were unchanged. CONCLUSION We propose that iron deficiency alters calcium and phosphate transport in the duodenum. This occurs via changes to the paracellular pathway, whereby upregulation of claudin 2 increases calcium absorption and upregulation of claudin 3 inhibits phosphate absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans O. Asowata
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology University College London London UK
| | - Oluwatobi Olusanya
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology University College London London UK
| | - Kaoutar Abaakil
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology University College London London UK
| | - Havovi Chichger
- Biomedical Research Group School of Life Sciences Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK
| | - Surjit K. S. Srai
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology University College London London UK
| | - Robert J. Unwin
- Department of Renal Medicine University College London London UK
| | - Joanne Marks
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology University College London London UK
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Satpal D, Kaur J, Bhadariya V, Sharma K. Actinidia deliciosa
(Kiwi fruit): A comprehensive review on the nutritional composition, health benefits, traditional utilization, and commercialization. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Satpal
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | - Vishesh Bhadariya
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | - Kartik Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research‐ Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR‐IHBT) Palampur India
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Takvam M, Wood CM, Kryvi H, Nilsen TO. Ion Transporters and Osmoregulation in the Kidney of Teleost Fishes as a Function of Salinity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:664588. [PMID: 33967835 PMCID: PMC8098666 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.664588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Euryhaline teleosts exhibit major changes in renal function as they move between freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) environments, thus tolerating large fluctuations in salinity. In FW, the kidney excretes large volumes of water through high glomerular filtration rates (GFR) and low tubular reabsorption rates, while actively reabsorbing most ions at high rates. The excreted product has a high urine flow rate (UFR) with a dilute composition. In SW, GFR is greatly reduced, and the tubules reabsorb as much water as possible, while actively secreting divalent ions. The excreted product has a low UFR, and is almost isosmotic to the blood plasma, with Mg2+, SO42–, and Cl– as the major ionic components. Early studies at the organismal level have described these basic patterns, while in the last two decades, studies of regulation at the cell and molecular level have been implemented, though only in a few euryhaline groups (salmonids, eels, tilapias, and fugus). There have been few studies combining the two approaches. The aim of the review is to integrate known aspects of renal physiology (reabsorption and secretion) with more recent advances in molecular water and solute physiology (gene and protein function of transporters). The renal transporters addressed include the subunits of the Na+, K+- ATPase (NKA) enzyme, monovalent ion transporters for Na+, Cl–, and K+ (NKCC1, NKCC2, CLC-K, NCC, ROMK2), water transport pathways [aquaporins (AQP), claudins (CLDN)], and divalent ion transporters for SO42–, Mg2+, and Ca2+ (SLC26A6, SLC26A1, SLC13A1, SLC41A1, CNNM2, CNNM3, NCX1, NCX2, PMCA). For each transport category, we address the current understanding at the molecular level, try to synthesize it with classical knowledge of overall renal function, and highlight knowledge gaps. Future research on the kidney of euryhaline fishes should focus on integrating changes in kidney reabsorption and secretion of ions with changes in transporter function at the cellular and molecular level (gene and protein verification) in different regions of the nephrons. An increased focus on the kidney individually and its functional integration with the other osmoregulatory organs (gills, skin and intestine) in maintaining overall homeostasis will have applied relevance for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Takvam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE Environment, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Harald Kryvi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom O Nilsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE Environment, Bergen, Norway
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Safety and feasibility of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with loop duodenojejunal bypass for obesity. THE JOURNAL OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY 2021; 24:10-17. [PMID: 35601283 PMCID: PMC8965984 DOI: 10.7602/jmis.2021.24.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) with loop duodenojejunal bypass (LDJB) is a combination of SG and one anastomosis gastric bypass surgeries. This study was intended to evaluate the safety and feasibility of SG-LDJB surgery. Methods This was a retrospective study analyzing SG-LDJB surgery using 250-cm length biliopancreatic limbs that was performed between May 2013 and December 2017 in 113 Indians with obesity. All demographic, clinical, operative, and follow-up data were analyzed for weight loss and diabetes remission efficacy. Weight-loss success was defined as percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) ≥ 25%. Diabetes remission was defined as hemoglobin A1c < 6% without the need for antidiabetic medications. Safety and feasibility were analyzed in terms of intraoperative and postoperative complications and serum albumin, iron, and calcium levels. Results The %TWL was 35.0% and 31.0% at the 1-year and 3-year follow-ups, respectively. The weight-loss success rate was 91.3% and 78.1% at the 1-year and 3-year follow-ups, respectively. Sixty-six out of 113 patients had type 2 diabetes. Diabetes remission was 80.0% and 75.4% at the 1-year and 3-year follow-ups, respectively. Major perioperative complications occurred in 0.9% of the patients. The 30-day mortality rate was zero. None of the patients had serum albumin levels of <3 g/dL at the 1-year and 3-year follow-ups or symptoms of hypoproteinemia. Conclusion SG-LDJB surgery using a 250-cm biliopancreatic limb is a safe and effective procedure to treat obesity. It is technically complex but has the advantages of endoscopic access to the stomach and negligible postoperative complications or hypoproteinemia.
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Kayacan AG, Tokay A. Evaluation of the relationship between chronotype and biochemical findings, nutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms in inflammatory bowel patients. Sleep Med 2021; 81:358-364. [PMID: 33812204 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted with 39 inpatients diagnosed with IBD in the gastroenterology department of Samsun Ondokuz Mayis University Health Application and Research Center to evaluate the relationship between chronotype and biochemical findings, nutrition, and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The data were collected using a general information form, Food Frequency Questionnaire, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and Morning-Evening Questionnaire. The biochemical findings of the patients were obtained from the medical records. Statistical analysis of the patients included in the study was performed with the SPSS package program. For all analyses, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and 11 with Crohn's disease. There was a significant relationship between chronotype and daily polyunsaturated fatty acid and vitamin B6 intake in female subjects (p < 0.05). There was also a significant relationship between chronotype and percentage of carbohydrate consumed, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acid intake in male subjects (p < 0.05). A significant relationship was found between chronotype and serum glucose, hematocrit, magnesium, and iron levels (p < 0.05). It was determined that while E-type had higher glucose and magnesium levels; M-type had higher hematocrit and iron levels. It was observed that there was a relationship between chronotype and biochemical findings and nutrition in patients with IBD. Chronotype is easy to determine and these results show that it should be considered as a factor when evaluating nutrition and clinical status in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alper Tokay
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Wang J, Wang WW, Qi GH, Cui CF, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Xu L, Wang J. Effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis supplementation and calcium levels on performance and eggshell quality of laying hens in the late phase of production. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100970. [PMID: 33518333 PMCID: PMC7936213 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis supplementation and calcium (Ca) levels on performance, eggshell quality, intestinal morphology, and relative calbindin-D28k (CALB1) mRNA level of laying hens in the late phase of production. An experiment employing a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of 3 levels of Ca (3.5, 4.0, and 4.5%) and the absence or presence of B. subtilis was carried out with a total of 576 Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 72 to 79 wk. Every group had 8 replicates of 12 birds each. The results showed that 4.0 and 4.5% Ca levels improved (P < 0.05) apparent retention and serum Ca content of aged laying hens. Compared with the 3.5% Ca level, the 4.0% Ca level in diets increased (P < 0.05) thickness, eggshell weight, shell ratio, and eggshell Ca content of aged laying hens. Moreover, breaking strength, thickness, eggshell weight, shell ratio, eggshell Ca content, apparent retention of Ca in g/day, apparent retention of Ca in percent, villus height, villus height/crypt depth, serum Ca level, and relative CALB1 mRNA level of aged laying hens were all increased (P < 0.05) by B. subtilis supplementation in diets. The supplemental B. subtilis decreased feed conversion ratio (P = 0.001) significantly. In addition, there was an interaction effect between increased Ca levels from 3.5 to 4.5% and B. subtilis supplementation on crypt depth in the duodenum (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we found that both the increase in dietary Ca level from 3.5 to 4.5% and B. subtilis supplementation could enhance intestinal Ca absorption and improve eggshell quality of laying hens in the late phase of production (72-79 wk of age). Dietary supplementation of B. subtilis accompanying the 4.0% Ca level was appropriate in enhancement of eggshell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment For Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment For Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment For Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuang-Fei Cui
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment For Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment For Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment For Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment For Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, and National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Zayed RF, Millhouse PW, Kamyab F, Ortiz JF, Atoot A. Calcium-Alkali Syndrome: Historical Review, Pathophysiology and Post-Modern Update. Cureus 2021; 13:e13291. [PMID: 33732556 PMCID: PMC7955894 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk-alkali syndrome or calcium-alkali syndrome (CAS) is the triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis and renal impairment. It is often related to ingestion of high amounts of calcium carbonate, which was used historically for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. The incidence of the syndrome decreased dramatically after the introduction of newer peptic ulcer medications such as proton pump inhibitors and histamine blocking agents. However, a resurgence was seen in the late 1980s with the wide use of over-the-counter calcium supplements, mainly by females for osteoporosis prophylaxis. The modern version of the syndrome continues to evolve along with medical management. This review focuses on the historical context of CAS, pathogenesis, resurgence of the condition with variable presentations, and contemporary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa F Zayed
- Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, USA
| | - Paul W Millhouse
- General Practice, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Farnaz Kamyab
- Architecture, Arts and Humanities, Clemson University, Clemson, USA
| | - Juan Fernando Ortiz
- Neurology, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, ECU.,Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Adam Atoot
- Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, USA
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Lee DY, Oh JH, Uhm JT, Kim IH, Park MJ, Moon SH, Park JW, Kim WS, Shim SM. Impact of acidity regulator and excipient nutrients on digestive solubility and intestinal transport of calcium from calcium phosphate and carbonate. Food Funct 2020; 11:10655-10664. [PMID: 33216090 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02035d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of an acidity regulator (SPORIX®), lactose, and vitamin D3 as excipient ingredients on digestive solubility and intestinal transport of calcium from four different calcium materials (tricalcium phosphate (TCP), fish bone (FB), nano-fish bone (NFB), and algae calcium (AC)) through an in vitro digestion model system combined with Caco-2 cells. The concentration of ionized calcium (Ca2+) in an aqueous fraction after in vitro digestion increased with the addition of SPORIX®, and it was further enhanced by adding SPORIX® + lactose + vitamin D3 into TCP, FB, NFB, and AC, respectively. In particular, FB with SPORIX® + lactose + vitamin D3 enhanced calcium ionization to 33.89 ± 0.69 mg g-1, which was about 11.76 times higher than that of FB only. In the case of intestinal cellular uptake of calcium, there was no significant difference in all the tested calcium materials with SPORIX® + lactose + vitamin D3. However, the absolute amount of intestinal transport of calcium in FB (43.95 ± 3.29 μg) was significantly higher than other calcium materials with the addition of SPORIX® + lactose + vitamin D3 (p < 0.05). This study suggests that the co-consumption of SPORIX®, lactose, and vitamin D3 with FB could enhance the calcium bioavailability by lowering pH as well as improving calcium intestinal transport by modulating the paracellular and transcellular uptake mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Narang BJ, Wallis GA, Gonzalez JT. The effect of calcium co-ingestion on exogenous glucose oxidation during endurance exercise in healthy men: A pilot study. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:1156-1164. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1813336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gareth A. Wallis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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