Hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin and corrected QT prolongation in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review

Table 1 The baseline details of studies included in meta-analysis

Ref.	Study design	Population	Mean age	Male/female	HTN	DM	Medication
Afsin et al[12], Turkey	Retrospective	76	61 ± 14	32/44	41	26	Hydroxychloroquine plus Moxifloxacin
Bakhshaliyev et al[13], Turkey	Retrospective	109	57 ± 14	48/61	49	32	Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin
Bernardini et al[14], Italy	Retrospective	53	67 ± 12	37/16	21	6	Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin
Bun et al[15], France	Prospective	73	62 ± 14	49/24	33	19	Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin
Chorin et al[16], United States	Retrospective	251	64 ± 13	75/176	54	27	Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin
Cipriani et al[17], Italy	Retrospective	22	64 ± 11	18/4	12	6	Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin
Hsia et al[18], United States	Retrospective	105	67 ± 15	58/47	51	41	Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin
Maraj et al[19], United States	Retrospective	91	62 ± 15	51/40	42	26	Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin
Mercuro et al[20], United States	Prospective	90	60 ± 16	46/44	48	26	Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin
Ramireddy et al[21], United States	Retrospective	98	62 ± 17	60/38	59	22	Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin
Rodrıguez et al[22], Spain	Retrospective	161	63 ± 14	103/42	71	25	Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin
Saleh et al[23], United States	Prospective	201	58 ± 9	115/86	84	65	Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin
Saleh et al[24], United States	Retrospective	6476	64 ± 15	3980/2496	3184	2161	Hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin
Sinkeler et al[25], Netherlands	Retrospective	397	67 ± 12	262/135	---	---	Hydroxychloroquine
van den Broek et al[26], Netherlands	Retrospective	95	65 ± 12	63/32	---	---	Hydroxychloroquine

Table 2 The change in QTc interval and pooled prevalence of QT prolongation following medication

Ref.	Mean QTc (base)	Mean QTc (treatment)	QT prolongation	Overall mortality	Torsades de pointes	Other ventricular arrhythmias	Sudden cardiac death	Stopped medication	Arrhythmogenic death	Special considerations
Afsin et al[12], Turkey	424 ± 28	442 ± 42	6	5	0	0	0	0	0	N/A
Bakhshaliyev et al[13], Turkey	435 ± 32	459 ± 38	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	N/A
Bernardini et al[14], Italy	424 ± 24	452 ± 26	4	20	0	0	0	0	0	Atrial tachyarrhythmia: n = 9 (8%); Premature atrial or ventricular ectopies: n = 17 (15.2%); First-degree AV block: n = 3 (2.6%)
Bun et al[15], France	436 ± 44	460 ± 39	9	0	0	0	0	1	0	Counterclockwise atrial flutter: n = 1 (1.3%)
Chorin et al[16], United States	439 ± 29	473 ± 36	57	20	1	0	0	8	0	N/A
Cipriani et al[17], Italy	426 ± 26	450 ± 22	4	0	0	Non-sustained VT, n = 1	0	0	0	N/A
Hsia et al[18], United States	439 ± 28	459 ± 32	13	29	0	VT, n = 1	0	21	0	N/A
Maraj et al[19], United States	437 ± 25	473 ± 31	21	8	1	VF, n = 1	0	0	6	Bradyarrhythmia, n = 9 (10%)
Mercuro et al[20], United States	442 ± 26	473 ± 32	7	4	1	0	0	10	0	N/A
Ramireddy et al[21], United States	448 ± 29	459 ± 36	12	0	0	0	0	0	0	N/A
Rodrıguez et al[22], Spain	435 ± 25	443 ± 30	37	7	0	0	0	0	0	N/A
Saleh et al[23], United States	439 ± 24	463 ± 42	7	0	0	Non-sustained monomorphic VT, n = 1; Sustained monomorphic VT, n = 1	0	7	0	Atrial fibrillation: n = 17 (8.4%)
Saleh et al[24], United States	473 ± 35	532 ± 31	67	0	1	Non-sustained monomorphic VT, n = 18; Sustained monomorphic VT, n = 5; VF, n = 4 Sustained polymorphic VT, n = 1	0	58	0	N/A
Sinkeler et al[25], Netherlands	448 ± 34	468 ± 38	19	0	0	Non-sustained monomorphic VT, n = 1	0	27	0	N/A
van den Broek et al[26], Netherlands	444 ± 32	479 ± 42	22	0	0	0	0	0	0	N/A