Hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin and corrected QT prolongation in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review

Table 2 The change in QTc interval and pooled prevalence of QT prolongation following medication

Ref.	Mean QTc (base)	Mean QTc (treatment)	QT prolongation	Overall mortality	Torsades de pointes	Other ventricular arrhythmias	Sudden cardiac death	Stopped medication	Arrhythmogenic death	Special considerations
Afsin et al[12], Turkey	424 ± 28	442 ± 42	6	5	0	0	0	0	0	N/A
Bakhshaliyev et al[13], Turkey	435 ± 32	459 ± 38	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	N/A
Bernardini et al[14], Italy	424 ± 24	452 ± 26	4	20	0	0	0	0	0	Atrial tachyarrhythmia: n = 9 (8%); Premature atrial or ventricular ectopies: n = 17 (15.2%); First-degree AV block: n = 3 (2.6%)
Bun et al[15], France	436 ± 44	460 ± 39	9	0	0	0	0	1	0	Counterclockwise atrial flutter: n = 1 (1.3%)
Chorin et al[16], United States	439 ± 29	473 ± 36	57	20	1	0	0	8	0	N/A
Cipriani et al[17], Italy	426 ± 26	450 ± 22	4	0	0	Non-sustained VT, n = 1	0	0	0	N/A
Hsia et al[18], United States	439 ± 28	459 ± 32	13	29	0	VT, n = 1	0	21	0	N/A
Maraj et al[19], United States	437 ± 25	473 ± 31	21	8	1	VF, n = 1	0	0	6	Bradyarrhythmia, n = 9 (10%)
Mercuro et al[20], United States	442 ± 26	473 ± 32	7	4	1	0	0	10	0	N/A
Ramireddy et al[21], United States	448 ± 29	459 ± 36	12	0	0	0	0	0	0	N/A
Rodrıguez et al[22], Spain	435 ± 25	443 ± 30	37	7	0	0	0	0	0	N/A
Saleh et al[23], United States	439 ± 24	463 ± 42	7	0	0	Non-sustained monomorphic VT, n = 1; Sustained monomorphic VT, n = 1	0	7	0	Atrial fibrillation: n = 17 (8.4%)
Saleh et al[24], United States	473 ± 35	532 ± 31	67	0	1	Non-sustained monomorphic VT, n = 18; Sustained monomorphic VT, n = 5; VF, n = 4 Sustained polymorphic VT, n = 1	0	58	0	N/A
Sinkeler et al[25], Netherlands	448 ± 34	468 ± 38	19	0	0	Non-sustained monomorphic VT, n = 1	0	27	0	N/A
van den Broek et al[26], Netherlands	444 ± 32	479 ± 42	22	0	0	0	0	0	0	N/A