Treatment options for rumination syndrome: A systematic review

Table 2 Summary of treatment options for rumination syndrome

Treatment	Strength of evidence	Treatment outcome
Diaphragmatic Breathing	RCT[8]	Regurgitation episodes decreased by 74% in the biofeedback group compared to 1% in placebo (P < 0.001)
	Prospective cohort with controls[9]	Regurgitation events decreased by 70% (P < 0.001).
	Prospective observational[10]	Median rumination episodes reduced from 5 (2–10) to 1 (0–2) (P < 0.001)
	Retrospective observational[12]	Not reported
	Prospective observational[11]	Complete improvement in rumination in 43%. Partial improvement in 28%
Baclofen	RCT[14]	Median regurgitation events lower with baclofen compared to placebo [4 (0–14) vs 6 (0–19), P = 0.04]
	Prospective observational[13]	Median regurgitation events significantly reduced from 9 (0-11) to 1 (0-13) (P 0.01)
Surgery	Prospective observational[15]	100% (5/5) resolution of symptoms
Psychotherapy	Prospective observational[17]	38.1% showed improvement. 47.6% unchanged.
	Retrospective observational[16]	100% (5/5) resolution of symptoms