Different types of mechanical complications after surgical correction of adult spine deformity with osteotomy

Table 9 Risk factors for instrumentation failure (all types) after surgical correction of adult spinal deformity with osteotomy

Factors	OR (95%Cl: min; max)	P value	Predictive values
			Sn	Sp	+PV	-PV
Preoperative SVA ≥ 100 mm	4.1 (1.5; 11.3)	0.007	0.46	0.83	0.48	0.82
Postoperative change of SVA > 76 mm (absolute values)	4.4 (1.1; 18.0)	0.041	0.32	0.90	0.60	0.75
Postoperative SVA < 50 mm, if preoperative SVA≥ 110 mm	9.3 (1.4; 63.2)	0.025	0.67	0.82	0.40	0.93
Preoperative LL 48°-60°	0.15 (0.01; 1.3)	0.043	0.05	0.76	0.07	0.67
Thoracolumbar and/or lumbosacral crossing junction(s)	6.5 (1.4; 30.2)	0.006	0.92	0.37	0.36	0.92
Fixation to sacrum and/or pelvic	4.0 (1.2; 12.8)	0.026	0.83	0.44	0.34	0.89
Maximum rod contouring angle > 60°	4.4 (1.2; 16.1)	0.025	0.62	0.73	0.40	0.87
Precontoured posterior rods vs in situ contouring	0.35 (0.1; 1.3)	0.050	0.38	0.36	0.16	0.65
Domino and/or parallel connectors number > 1	6.3 (0.5; 72.6)	0.063	0.08	0.99	0.67	0.76
Postoperative pseudarthrosis	9.2 (2.1; 39.3)	0.002	0.29	0.96	0.70	0.80
Integral index by multiple regression modeling (1) ≥ 0.46	7.8 (2.0; 29.9)	0.002	0.75	0.72	0.55	0.87

SVA: Sagittal vertical axis; LL: Lumbar lordosis; Sn: Sensitivity; Sp: Specificity; +PV: Positive predictive value; -PV: Negative predictive value.