Different types of mechanical complications after surgical correction of adult spine deformity with osteotomy

Table 6 Risk factors for mechanical complications (all types: Failure of spine and/or instrumentation) after surgical correction of adult spine deformity with osteotomy

Risk factor(s)	OR (95%Cl: min; max)	P value	Predictive values
			Sn	Sp	+PV	-PV
Preoperative SVA > 110 mm	4.5 (1.3; 15.4)	0.011	0.27	0.92	0.73	0.62
Postoperative SVA > 75 mm	5.4 (1.4; 21.1)	0.014	0.24	0.94	0.77	0.62
Preoperative LL< 20°	5.5 (1.8; 16.9)	0.002	0.37	0.91	0.75	0.65
Postoperative change of LL > 34° (absolute values)	4.7 (1.2; 18.0)	0.028	0.22	0.94	0.75	0.61
Postoperative change of PI-LL > 34° (absolute values)	6.4 (1.2; 33.2)	0.033	0.29	0.94	0.80	0.62
Type of osteotomy SPO vs PSO	0.42 (0.18; 1.0)	0.045	0.34	0.45	0.33	0.47
Fall after operation before mechanical complication	6.1 (1.6; 23.7)	0.007	0.27	0.94	0.79	0.63
Fixation to sacrum or pelvic if number of fused levels > 4	2.4 (0.9; 6.4)	0.068	0.74	0.46	0.53	0.68
Fixation to sacrum or pelvic if number of fused levels > 4 with PSO	3.6 (0.92; 13.9)	0.053	0.78	0.50	0.67	0.64
Postoperative pseudarthrosis	14.6 (1.8; 120.9)	0.002	0.22	0.98	0.90	0.62
Integral index based on parameters presented above by results of multiple regression modeling (1) ≥ 0.46	31.7 (6.7; 149.3)	< 0.001	0.79	0.89	0.86	0.83

SVA: Sagittal vertical axis; LL: Lumbar lordosis; PI-LL: Pelvic incidence (PI) - lumbar lordosis (LL) mismatch; PSO: Pedicle subtraction osteotomy; SPO: Smith-Peterson osteotomy; OR: Odds ratio; 95%Cl: min; max: 95% confidence limits, maximum and minimum values; Sn: Sensitivity; Sp: Specificity; +PV: Positive predictive value; -PV: Negative predictive value.