Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer: A systematic review

Table 1 Selected details of the 102 studies in publication date order

Study ref	Main ref	Other ref	Location	Study design1	Study dates2			Total cases	Never smoker criteria3
GARFI1	[75]	[104]	United States	P	1959 -	1960,	1971	153	Dur 6 mo
CHAN	[105]	[106,107]	Hong Kong	CC	1976 -	1977		84
CORREA	[67]		United States	CC	1979 -	1982		32
TRICHO	[27]	[108,109]	Greece	CC	1978 -	1982		77
BUFFLE	[110]		United States	CC	1976 -	1980		52
HIRAYA	[28]	[111-120]	Japan	P	1965 -	1966,	1981	264
KABAT1	[53]		United States	CC	1971 -	1980		76
GARFI2	[121]	[122]	United States	CC	1971 -	1981		134
LAMW	[29]		Hong Kong	CC	1981 -	1984		75
WU	[123]		United States	CC	1981 -	1982		31
AKIBA	[68]		Japan	CC	1971 -	1980		113
LEE	[124]		United Kingdom	CC	1979 -	1982		47
BROWN1	[125]		United States	CC	1979 -	1982		19
GAO	[126]		China	CC	1984 -	1986		246
HUMBL1	[127]		United States	CC	1980 -	1984		28	Dur 6 mo
KOO	[128]	[129-133]	Hong Kong	CC	1981 -	1983		88	N20
LAMT	[30]		Hong Kong	CC	1983 -	1986		199	Occ (1 yr)
PERSHA	[134]	[135]	Sweden	CC	1961 -	1980		77
BUTLER	[136]		United States	P	1976 -	1976,	1982	8
GENG	[31]	[137]	China	CC	1983 -	1983		54
INOUE	[138]		Japan	CC	1973 -	1983		28
SHIMIZ	[70]		Japan	CC	1982 -	1985		90
CHOI	[139]		South Korea	CC	1985 -	1988		88
HOLE	[140]	[141]	Scotland	P	1972 -	1976,	1985	9
SCHOEN	[142]		United States	CC	1982 -	1983		116
SVENSS	[143]	[144]	Sweden	CC	1983 -	1985		34	Occ
JANERI	[72]	[145]	United States	CC	1982 -	1985		191	N100
KALAND	[32]		Greece	CC	1987 -	1989		91
SOBUE	[146]	[147]	Japan	CC	1986 -	1988		144
WU-WIL	[46]		China	CC	1985 -	1987		417
LIUZ	[148]	[149,150]	China	CC	1985 -	1986		54	1sm
BROWN2	[151]	[152-155]	United States	CC	1986 -	1991		432
STOCKW	[58]	[156]	United States	CC	1987 -	1991		210	N100, Dur 6 mo
DU	[52]	[157-159]	China	CC	1986 -	1986		75
LIUQ	[160]		China	CC	1983 -	1984		38
FONTHA	[33]	[161-164]	United States	CC	1986 -	1988		653	N100, Dur 6 mo
LAYARD	[165]		United States	CC	1986 -	1986		60
DEWAAR	[166]	[167]	Netherlands	CC	1977 -	1991		23	Cot
KABAT2	[168]	[169,170]	United States	CC	1983 -	1990		110
SCHWAR	[57]		United States	CC	1984 -	1987		257
SUN	[60]		China	CC	NA			230
WANGS	[34]		China	CC	NA			82
WANGT	[171]		China	CC	1992 -	1994		135
CARDEN	[73]	[172,173]	United States	P	1982 -	1982,	1989	362
ZHENG	[35]		China	CC	1990 -	1993		94	Non
AUVINE	[174]		Finland	CC	1986 -	1992		44
BOFFET	[66]	[175-180]	West Europe	CC	1988 -	1994		640	N400
SHEN	[181]	[182-185]	China	CC	1993 -	1993		70
ZARIDZ	[36]	[186-188]	Russia	CC	1991 -	1993		189
BOFFE2	[189]		Europe	CC	1994 -	1996		70	N400
JEE	[190]		South Korea	P	1992 -	1994,	1997	79	Occ, Dur 1 yr
RAPITI	[61]		India	CC	1991 -	1992		58	N400
SPEIZE	[191]		United States	P	1982 -	1982,	1992	35
ZHONG	[54]		China	CC	1992 -	1994		504	Dur 6 mo
LEECH	[37]	[192-194]	Taiwan	CC	1992 -	1998		268	N400
MALATS	[195]	[196]	Europe/Brazil	CC	NA			122	Occ
WANGL	[62]	[197]	China	CC	1994 -	1998		233	Dur 6 mo
JOHNSO	[198]	[199-201]	Canada	CC	1994 -	1997		71	N100
LAGARD	[202]	[203]	Sweden	CC	1980 -	1995		433	Occ (1 yr)
NISHIN	[204]		Japan	P	1984 -	1984,	1992	24
OHNO	[205]		Japan	CC	NA			191	N365
RACHTA	[63]	[206]	Poland	CC	1991 -	1997		54	Dur 6 mo
ENSTRO	[207]	[208]	United States	P	1959 -	1960,	1998	256
ZATLOU	[64]	[209,210]	Czech Republic	CC	1998 -	2002		84	N100
IARCKR	[1]	[180]	Germany	CC	1990 -	1996		123	Dur 6 mo, N400
MCGHEE	[211]		Hong Kong	CC	1998 -	1998		324
EPICA	[212]	[213-216]	Western Europe	P	1993 -	1998,	2000	59
FANG	[38]	[216]	China	CC	2001 -	2004		157
FRANCO	[71]	[216]	Mexico	CC	2000 -	2002		94
GORLOV	[55]	[217-222]	United States	CC	1995 -	2003		193	N100
NEUBER	[49]		United States	CC	1994 -	1997		56	N100, Dur 6 mo
RYLAND	[223]		Sweden	CC	1989 -	1994		49
WEN	[56]	[224-227]	China	P	1997 -	2000,	2004	106
YU	[228]	[228-230]	Hong Kong	CC	2002 -	2004		213	N400, Dur 1 yr
ZEKA	[59]		East Europe, United Kingdom	CC	1998 -	2002		223	N100
HILL1	[231]		New Zealand	P	1981 -	1981,	1984	147	Occ
HILL2	[231]		New Zealand	P	1996 -	1996,	1999	234	Occ
LOPEZC	[232]		Spain	CC	2000 -	2005		36	N100
ASOMAN	[233]		United States	CC	1992 -	NA		138	Occ (1 yr)
GALLEG	[51]		Mexico	CC	2003 -	2007		32
KURAHA	[234]		Japan	P	1990 -	1993,	2004	109
PANDEY	[50]		Nepal	CC	NA			268
YANG	[39]	[65,221,235,236]	United States	CC	1997 -	2008		297	N100
OLIVOM	[65]	[237]	United States	CC	NA			45	N100
TSE	[238]	[239]	China	CC	2004 -	2006		132	N400, Dur 1 yr
LIANG	[40]		China	CC	2004 -	2007		226
BRENNE	[47]		Canada	CC	1997 -	2002		156	N100
JIANG	[41]		China	CC	2009 -	2009		145
EPICC	[240]	[212]	Western Europe	P	1992 -	1998,	2006	98
KIYOHA	[241]		Japan	CC	1996 -	2008		153
HE	[242]	[243]	China	P	1976 -	1994,	2011	16	N100
LIM	[74]	[244-246]	China	CC	1996 -	2008		433	Occ (1 yr)
LIN	[42]		China	CC	2006 -	2010		226
FERREC	[247]		Chile	CC	2007 -	2010		59
ALZOUG	[48]	[248,249]	Canada	CC	1996 -	2000		44	N100
GELAC	[43]		Taiwan	CC	2002 -	2009		1540	Occ
MASJED	[44]	[250]	Iran	CC	2002 -	2005		81	Dur 6 mo
REN	[251]		China	CC	2002 -	2012		764
SEKI	[252]		Japan	CC	1997 -	2009		431
WHIOS	[253]	[254]	United States	P	1993 -	1998,	2009	200
ILCCO	[45]	[69]	International	CC	1984 -	2014		2504	N100
TORRES	[255]	[256]	Spain	CC	2011 -	2013		192	N100

¹Study design is coded as P: Prospective; CC: Case control;

²Study dates are given as Start year, End year, Final follow-up year (prospective studies only);

³Inclusion of “near equivalents” to never smokers, coded as Dur: Includes those who smoked up to a number of months (mo) or years (yr); N: Includes those who smoked up to a number of cigarettes in their lifetime; Occ: Includes occasional smokers; Occ (1 yr): Includes those who smoked occasionally for up to 1 year; Non: Described as “non-smokers” and assumed from context to mean never smokers; 1sm: Study included 1 smoker; Cot: Excluded self-reported never smokers with urinary cotinine > 100 ng/mg.