Russian clinical research policy does not guarantee results availability

Table 2 Publication of the registered studies that enrolled Russian subjects

Study characteristics	Published	Unpublished	Total	Percent published
Age
Adult	26	183	209	12.4
Adult/senior	327	1234	1561	20.9
Child	7	92	99	7.1
Child/adult	3	40	43	7.0
Child/adult/senior	18	127	145	12.4
Senior	2	3	5	40.0
Sex
Both	352	1477	1829	19.2
Female	23	130	153	15.0
Male	8	72	80	10.0
Sponsorship
Industry	354	1534	1888	18.8
Industry/National Institutes of Health	0	2	2	0.0
Industry/other	14	42	56	25.0
Industry/other/ National Institutes of Health	0	1	1	0.0
Industry/United States Fed	1	1	2	50.0
Other/industry	0	13	13	0.0
Other/National Institutes of Health/industry	0	1	1	0.0
National Institutes of Health	4	6	10	40.0
National Institutes of Health/other	0	1	1	0.0
Other	10	70	80	12.5
Other/National Institutes of Health	0	8	8	0.0
Interventions
Behavioral	2	7	9	22.2
Biological	10	119	129	7.8
Device	1	16	17	5.9
Dietary supplement	1	3	4	25.0
Drug	359	1424	1783	20.1
Genetic	0	1	1	0.0
Other	2	20	22	9.1
Procedure	5	26	31	16.1
Radiation	0	1	1	0.0
Phases of clinical trials
Phase 1	0	43	43	0.0
Phase 1/phase 2	3	31	34	8.8
Phase 2	68	419	487	14.0
Phase 2/phase 3	5	46	51	9.8
Phase 3	257	900	1157	22.2
Phase 4	40	131	171	23.4
Recruitment
Active, not recruiting	51	313	364	14.0
Approved for marketing	1	1	2	50.0
Completed	285	747	1032	27.6
No longer available	1	0	1	100
Suspended	0	3	3	0.0
Temporarily not available	0	1	1	0.0
Terminated	23	99	122	18.9
Withdrawn	0	8	8	0.0
Study type
Interventional	375	1576	1951	19.2
Observational	6	98	104	5.8
Posting the results in clinicaltrials.gov
Has results	143	192	335	42.7
No results available	240	1487	1727	13.9