Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage vs endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for malignant distal obstruction: Randomized-trial meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of the included randomized trials

Ref.	Setting	EUS/ERCP	Population	Ultrasound-guided route	Stents	Follow-up
Bang et al[9], 2018	United States	33/34	Pancreatic cancer	Choledochoduodenostomy	Tubular covered metal/covered metal	At least 6 months
Park et al[10], 2018	South Korea	14/14 analyzed	Predominantly pancreatic cancer	Transmural drainage	Partially covered tubular metal/metal	Median 95/147 days
Paik et al[8], 2018	South Korea; multicenter	64/61	Unresectable distal obstruction	Choledochoduodenostomy or hepaticogastrostomy	Tubular covered metal/covered metal	To death or dysfunction
Chen et al[11], 2023	Canada/France; multicenter	73/71	Borderline, locally advanced, or unresectable	Choledochoduodenostomy	Lumen-apposing metal/metal	1 year
Teoh et al[12], 2023	International; multicenter	79/76	Unresectable distal obstruction	Choledochoduodenostomy	Lumen-apposing metal/covered metal	1 year
Anderloni et al[13], 2026	Italy; multicenter	111/109	Distal obstruction; common bile duct at least 15 mm	Choledochoduodenostomy	Lumen-apposing metal/covered metal	6 months

EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.