Paradigm shift in clubfoot care strategies in Pakistan: A meta-analysis over three decades

doi:10.13105/wjma.v14.i2.118716

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis

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2308-3840

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Meta-Analysis

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Meta-Anal. Jun 18, 2026; 14(2): 118716
Published online Jun 18, 2026. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v14.i2.118716

Table 6 Follow-up duration for surgical and conservative studies, n (%)

Follow-up duration	Surgical studies	Conservative studies	Total studies
< 1 year	18 (69.2)	54 (71.1)	72 (70.6)
1-3 years	7 (26.9)	20 (26.3)	27 (26.5)
3-5 years	1 (3.8)	2 (2.6)	3 (2.9)
> 5 years	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Total	26 (100)	76 (100)	102 (100)

Excluded (n = 23): Nonclinical or no follow-up reported; limitation: 18% (23/125) missing follow-up; none > 5 years = relapse likely underestimated.

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Citation: Bhatti A, Mazar Baloch S, Morcuende JA, Jaffri K, Bhatti MY. Paradigm shift in clubfoot care strategies in Pakistan: A meta-analysis over three decades. World J Meta-Anal 2026; 14(2): 118716
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2308-3840/full/v14/i2/118716.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.13105/wjma.v14.i2.118716

Bhatti A, Mazar Baloch S, Morcuende JA, Jaffri K, Bhatti MY. Paradigm shift in clubfoot care strategies in Pakistan: A meta-analysis over three decades. World J Meta-Anal 2026; 14(2): 118716 [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v14.i2.118716]

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