Paradigm shift in clubfoot care strategies in Pakistan: A meta-analysis over three decades

doi:10.13105/wjma.v14.i2.118716

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis

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2308-3840

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Meta-Analysis

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Meta-Anal. Jun 18, 2026; 14(2): 118716
Published online Jun 18, 2026. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v14.i2.118716

Table 4 Comparison of success rate with conservative approaches

Year range	Method	Number of studies	Total sample size	Average sample size	Success rate (%)	Average follow-up duration
1990-1999	Ponseti	0	0	N/A	N/A	N/A
1990-1999	Hiram Kite, Lovell, French	0	0	N/A	N/A	N/A
2000-2009	Ponseti	3	140	46.7	90.0	1-2 years
2000-2009	Hiram Kite, Lovell, French	2	65	32.5	68.0	12 months
2010-2019	Ponseti	24	3690	136.7	88.2	About 2.2 years (weighted)
2010-2019	Hiram Kite, Lovell, French	0	0	N/A	N/A	N/A
2020-2025	Ponseti	42	7465	177.7	88.0	1-4 years
2020-2025	Hiram Kite, Lovell, French	2	200	100	70.0	1-2 years
Total	Ponseti	72	11295	150.7	87.2 (95%CI: 84.8-89.6)	1.8 years (weighted mean)
Total	Hiram Kite, Lovell, French	4	265	66.3	69.1 (95%CI: 62.3-75.9)	1.1 years

Statistical comparison (exploratory, I² = 88%): Ponseti vs other: RR = 1.26 (95%CI: 1.18-1.35), P < 0.001; limitations: High heterogeneity (I² = 88%); 68% missing; FU < 2 years in most. N/A: Not applicable; CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio; FU: Follow-up.

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Citation: Bhatti A, Mazar Baloch S, Morcuende JA, Jaffri K, Bhatti MY. Paradigm shift in clubfoot care strategies in Pakistan: A meta-analysis over three decades. World J Meta-Anal 2026; 14(2): 118716
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2308-3840/full/v14/i2/118716.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.13105/wjma.v14.i2.118716

Bhatti A, Mazar Baloch S, Morcuende JA, Jaffri K, Bhatti MY. Paradigm shift in clubfoot care strategies in Pakistan: A meta-analysis over three decades. World J Meta-Anal 2026; 14(2): 118716 [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v14.i2.118716]

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