Mercedes incision and risk of incisional hernia following liver transplantation: A systematic review

Figure 3 Subgroup analysis. A: By study design showing the odds of incisional hernia in retrospective vs prospective studies for Mercedes vs alternative incision types. This analysis explores whether study design influences observed effect size; B: By fascial closure technique comparing single-layer vs two-layer closure in patients undergoing liver transplantation with different incision types. The findings suggest that Mercedes incisions may be associated with higher risk when single-layer closure is used; C: By hernia repair approach (open vs mixed techniques) evaluating whether the method of incisional hernia repair modifies the association between incision type and hernia development; D: Suture material (absorbable vs non-absorbable) examining the relationship between suture type and the incidence of incisional hernia with Mercedes vs other incisions. OR: Odds ratio.