Ambient effects on neural stem cells: Insights from Drosophila

Figure 3 Ambient factors regulating neural stem cells in Drosophila. Key extrinsic regulators include external environment (e.g., diet, virus infections, irradiation and oxygen tension), systemic environment (e.g., gut, fat body, trachea), microenvironment (e.g., neighboring cells, glia and lipid droplets), and spatial factors (e.g., anteroposterior and abdomen-basal positioning). aa: Amino acid; Abd: Abdominal; Antp: Antennapedia; CLC: Chloride channel; Dap: Dapaco; DE-Cad: Drosophila E-cadherin; Dpp: Decapentaplegic; EGFr: Epidermal growth factor receptor; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; ER: Ecdysone receptor; Hox: Homeobox gene; LD: Lipid droplet; Msh: Muscle segment homeobox; PcG: Polycomb group; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PRC2: Polycomb-repressive complex 2; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SLC: Solute carrier transporter; TOR: Target of rapamycin; Ubx: Ubiquitination regulatory x; VGSC: Voltage-gated sodium channel; Vnd: Ventral nervous system defective.