Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Meta-Anal. Jun 18, 2025; 13(2): 105511
Published online Jun 18, 2025. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v13.i2.105511
Table 5 Risk of bias[14-21]
Criteria
Reimer-Taschenbrecker et al[14]
Jeong and Choi[15]
Landau et al[16]
Tawfik et al[17]
Andersson et al[18]
Kim et al[19]
Agiwal et al[20]
Weil et al[21]
Did the study address a clearly focused issue?
Was the cohort recruited in an acceptable way?
Was the exposure accurately measured to minimize bias?
Was the outcome accurately measured to minimize bias?
Have the authors identified all important confounding factors?
Have they taken account of confounding factors in the design/analysis?
Was the follow-up of subjects complete enough?××××××
Was the follow-up of subjects long enough?××××××
What are the results of this study?
How precise are the results?
Do you believe the results?
Can the results be applied to the local population?
Do the results fit with other available evidence?
What are the implications of this study for practice?
Positive/methodologically sound
Negative/relatively poor methodology××××××××
Unknowns