Intestinal ultrasound in Crohn’s disease: A systematic review of its role in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment response

Table 3 Studies summarizing utility of small intestinal contrast ultrasound in Crohn’s disease

Ref.	Study type	Number of patients	Impact on management
Hakim et al[54], 2019	Retrospective	93 pediatric	Sensitivity of 98.7% and specificity of 100% for small bowel lesions; substantial agreement with MRE (κ = 0.77)
Pallotta et al[55], 2013	Prospective	51 pediatric	Sensitivity of 96% in proven CD, superior to conventional ultrasound for jejunal and ileal lesions, with excellent lesion localization
Parente et al[56], 2004	Prospective	102 adults	Comparable to barium studies for disease extent; improved interobserver agreement after contrast ingestion
Onali et al[60], 2012	Prospective	15 adults	Sensitivity of 92% for strictures; comparable to CTE for lesions and luminal complications

CD: Crohn’s disease; MRE: Magnetic resonance enterography; CTE: Computed tomography enterography.